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1. PAKISTAN STUDIES
PKS-101
Pre War of Independence Era
 Hazrat Sheikh Ahmed Sarhandi
Prepared by Ms.Ashra Shahzad

2. Pre War of Independence Era
Advent of Islam in Sub Continent
1. Arab’s earliest contacts with sub Continent
2. Impact of Islam on natives due to fair dealings of Muslims
3. Rule of Raja Dahir in Sind
4. Conquest of Sind by Muhammad Bin Qasim
5. Establishment of Islamic Government in Sind
6. Sind Known as DAR-UL-ISLAM

3.  Consolidation of Muslim Rule
1. Mehmood Ghaznavi, Ghauri
2. Establishment of Delhi Sultanate
3. Establishment of Mughal Empire
 Role of Ulemas and Mashikhs in spread of
Islam
1. Sheikh Ismail of Lahore
2.Ali Makhdoom Hajveri of Ghazni

4. 3. Bahauddin Zikria of Multan
4. Sheikh Fareed Uddin Ganjshakar
5. Nizam Uddin Aulia
6. Mujadid Alf Sani
7.Shah Waliullah
 Decline of Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire established by Zaheer Uddin Babar
after defeating Ibrahim Lodhi in 1526, started to decline
after death of Aurangzeb in 1707 AD. Main causes of
decline of Mughal empire were:

5. 1. Distancing from Islamic values
2. Weak Successors
3. Decay in military power
4. No law of succession
 The holocaust of 1857
In the words of I. H. Qureshi:
‘The events of 1857 have a two-fold significance in the
history of modern Islamic India. They dealt a final blow to
the idea of Mughal empire and they put a seal on the
decline of the Muslims in all walks of life’

6. Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi
(Mujadid Alf Sani)
 Mujadid Alf Sani( Reformer of the second
Millennium), great saint and mystic of
Naqshbandia order
 Challenged un-Islamic trends of Akbar
 General Introduction
1. Real name, Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi
2. Descendent of Hazrat Umer Farooq, also referred as Farooqui

7. 3.Born in 1564,memorized Quran, study of Hadith, tafsir and
philosophy
4. Wrote famous book ‘Isbat-un-Nabuwwat’ in which he gave
excellent explanation of prophethood
 Social conditions of India at his time
1.Muslim society ridden with un- Islamic practices
2. Widespread belief in Karamat(Miracles of Saints)
3. Un-Islamic practices by Akbar
4. Din-e- Elahi
5.Sheikh Ahmed took the task of reforming Islam and Muslim
society on spiritual and cultural pattern

8. 6. He undertook job of purifying Muslim society by sending a number of
disciples in all directions to preach Islam
7. Emphasis on Ittibat- i- Sunnah
8. Stressed Muslims to revert to true Islam, Namaz, fasting
9. Sheikh Ahmed’s letters known as Muktubat-e- Imam Rabbani
10. Imprisonment by Jahangir
11. Sheikh Ahmed and two nation theory
 Wahdat-ul- Wajood and Wahdat-ul- Shahood
 Influence of Sheikh Ahmed’s efforts
1. Huge impact on history of Muslim India
2. His movement is regarded as Call Back to Muhammad

9. 3. Considerably prevailed upon Jahangir to alter his religious views
4. Jahangir under his influence allowed Khutba to be recited and cow
slaughter
5. Regarded as most powerful religious personality in history of India

10. 3. Considerably prevailed upon Jahangir to alter his religious views
4. Jahangir under his influence allowed Khutba to be recited and cow
slaughter
5. Regarded as most powerful religious personality in history of India