The document explores the profound influence of Islam on Pakistan's society, politics, and culture, highlighting its historical arrival, expansion, and the role it played in the establishment of Pakistan as an Islamic state. Key figures such as Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Allama Iqbal are discussed, emphasizing their contributions to the ideology of a separate Muslim state based on the 'two-nation theory'. Additionally, it addresses modern challenges within Pakistani society, including sectarian divisions, the impact of Islamic education, and the complexities of the judicial and political systems influenced by Islamic values.

1. Islam
in Pakistan
By: Dr. Ali Kashif
2011.12.28
rajaalikashif@gmail.com

2. Outline
 Overview
 Islam in Sub-Continent
 Islam in Movement of Pakistan
 Islam in Today’s Pakistan
 Religious Culture in Pakistan
 Islam in Pakistani Politics
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3. Islam in Pakistan an Overview
 Religion of role in Pakistan Society is very important.
 Official name of Pakistan is Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
 About 96-97 percent population is Muslim.
 Pakistani is a country of different ethnicities and one thing that
unite them is religion.
 Religion played a vital role and was also a slogan of some people
in Pakistan movement.
 Pakistan have been a very important country in Muslim world due
to its population, army, and nuclear power.
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4. Arrival of Islam
 Islam arrived in sub-continent in 711 CE, when Umayyad dynasty
send Muhammad Bin Qasim to Sindh.
 Some historian says Islam arrived already in sub-continents much
earlier than Muhammad Bin Qasim by Arab merchants.
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5. Expansion of Islam
 Islam spread in Sub-continents by many ways.
 Many people converted by Muhammad Bin Qasim.
 Some people were converted by Arab traders.
 Many rulers from Afghanistan they attacked different areas of Pakistan and they
also brought islam in Sub-Continent
 But main expansion of Islam were made by Sufi Saints.
 Sufis were people with morally and spiritually high values and they
liked to live away from public areas and pray to Allah.
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6. Islam in Pakistani Movement
History
 M.A.Jinnah was a big supporter of Hindu-Muslim Unity.
 He was active and very influential member of Congress in United
who wanted to have freedom from British.
 Muslim league was another platform where people talk about rights of
Muslims.
 When Gandhi came into India, he ignored the efforts of all
Congress leaders. He had a completely different ideology, he
traveled to whole India except Muslim majority provinces.
 He traveled to whole sub-continent especially in Hindu majority provinces.
 Hindu people appreciated his ideology and he emerged as biggest leader
of Hindus.
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7. Islam in Pakistani Movement
Birth of Muslim League
 As Congress leaders were talking about United India. Gandhi
movement change the atmosphere.
 M.A. Jinnah went back to UK to pursue his career as a lawyer.
 Muslims League get more active, they start demanding a
separate country. But they were deprived of big leadership.
 Later, Allama Iqbal convinced Mr. Jinnah to join Muslim League.
 Jinnah joined Muslim League in 1913 and lead the ideology of
“Two-Nation Theory”.
 Muslims demands were a free Muslim state.
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8. Islam in Pakistani Movement
Dr Iqbal Vision
 The Muslim poet-philosopher Sir Muhammad Iqbal first proposed
the idea of a Muslim state in the subcontinent in 1930.
 His proposal referred to the four provinces of Punjab, Sindh,
Balochistan, and the NorthWest Frontier .
 Iqbal's idea gave concrete form to the "Two Nations Theory" of
two distinct nations in the subcontinent based on religion (Islam
and Hinduism) and with different historical backgrounds, social
customs, cultures, and social mores.
 Apart from this Iqbal had a vision of United but peaceful interaction
among muslim countries in terms of education, economy, united
army, etc.
 Many people in Pakistan still appreciate his vision.
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9. Islam in Pakistani Movement
M.A. Jinnah Ideology
 Islam was the basis for the creation and the unification of a
separate state, but it was not expected to serve as the model of
government.
 Mohammad Ali Jinnah made his commitment to secularism in
Pakistan clear in his inaugural address when he said, "You will
find that in the course of time Hindus would cease to be Hindus
and Muslims would cease to be Muslims, not in the religious
sense, because that is the personal faith of each individual, but in
the political sense as citizens of the State.“
 Further he wanted very friendly relations with India like relations of
Canada with US.
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10. Muslim Sects in Pakistan
 Currently, there are two ideologies exists in Pakistan: sunnis and
Shias
 The two subsects of Sunnis in Pakistan, the Barelvis and Deobandis,
 50% of Pakistanis Muslims are Barelvi,
 20% Deobandi,
 18% Shi'a,
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11. Laws
 Constitution of 1971 is according to Islam.
 There can be no law implemented in country which is against
Islamic rules.
 There is no law in Pakistan enforcing hijab and wearing of Hijab by
Pakistani women is fairly uncommon.
 However, the practice of wearing Hijab among younger women in
urban centers is common.
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12. Judicial System
 Pakistan's judicial system stems directly from the system that was
used in British India.
 It has supreme court in Islamabad and High Courts in all over the
country.
 Head of supreme court is Chief Justice and Bench of Supreme court consist
of 17 Judges.
 Courts have been under political influence in history. However,
since last couple of years, courts are operating independently and
free from any political pressure.
 In tribal areas, Jirga System also exists which is not necessarily
based on Islamic teachings but more on cultural values and norms.
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13. Islamic education
 The Islamiat (study of Islam) as a subject is compulsory for
all Muslim students up to Matriculation (O'levels, Tenth grade) in all
schools in Pakistan.
 Islam is essential part of education system. No contents that are
against religion can be taught.
 Islamic education to the masses is also propagated mainly by
Islamic schools and literature.
 Islamic schools (or Madrassas) mostly cater to the youth from
impoverished social backgrounds and those learning to be Islamic
clerics.
 Some madrassas were hijacked by extremists and they used the
students for militancy.
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14. Islam in Daily Life
 Pakistan is a Muslim society and impact of religion can be seen.
 There are many mosques in all over the country.
 Islamic ideology in Pakistan based on two things: follow islamic
teachings and respect towards teachings.
 Many do not follow, but respect a lot and are strong believers.
 Islamic events are celebrated with enthusiasm.
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15. Islam in Family life
 Islamic have a deeper impact on life of Pakistani people.
 Parents give teaching to their kids from very young age.
 Teach them how to pray, how to read Quran or tell stories of
Prophets and Messengers.
 Parents used to take them with themselves to Masjid or other
religious gatherings.
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16. Marriage
 Usually the core concept of every marriage is accept each other
with core of heart and asking the blessing of God.
 However, this ceremony which is called Nikkah usually start with
reciting Quran and its verses and followed by real Nikkah
statements.
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17. Religious Celebrations
 Ramadan
 Chand Raat
 Night before Eid.
 Eid celebrations
 Milaad un Nabi
 Birth day of Prophet
 Muharram (Ashura)
 Mainly celebrated by Shias.
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18. Religious Culture
 Sufiana Qalam:
 Poetry of those Sufis
 Qawali:
 Spiritual poetry addressing the Ishq towards God or Prophet or Sufis.
 Naat:
 Set of verses praising the Prophet.
 Hamd:
 Parasail towards God.
 Mehfil:
 Muslim gatherings where they recite Quran, Naat, Hamd, etc.
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19. Religious Culture
Literature
 Islamic literature is literature written with an Islamic perspective, in
many languages.
 There are many literary books written by Sufi poets and
Philosophers.
 In modern Islamic ideology, the biggest name in history of Pakistan
is Dr Allama Muhammad Iqbal.
 Islamic books about Prophet, his companions, and famous rulers of
muslim world can easily be found in Pakistan.
 Further, material of many religious groups and ideology easily
available everywhere.
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20. Islam and Politics in Pakistan
Early Stages
 Islam has been the one easy thread creating a national identity in a
state that has several ethnicities, cultural, religions, class, and
languages.
 Civilian and military leaders have used Islam to gain legitimacy for
their rule and as tools of state policy, strengthening the role of
religious parties in politics and society.
 In 1950, 31 Ulema passed a demand draft, to change in law
according to Shariah.
 In 1977, the government of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto outlawed alcohol
and drugs and changed the weekend from Sunday to Friday.
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21. Islam and Politics in Pakistan
Zia Period
 But substantive Islamic reform program was implemented by
General Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization .
 He established the Federal Shariat Court to hear appeals arising
from the new code.
 The Federal Shariat Court also has extensive other powers.
 Some considerably greater implications for women than for men.
 A welfare and taxation system based on Zakat and a profit-and-loss
banking system were also established in accordance with Islamic
prohibitions against usury but were inadequate.
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22. Islam and Politics in Pakistan
Zia Period…
 In 1980s, against the USSR war in Afghanistan, America backed up Zia and the
common people were provided with weapons and trained to fight with USSR
soldiers.
 USSR defeated.
 But gun culture got promoted.
 Taliban came into existence.
 To fight in War, children of Madrassas in Aghanistan are also been trained and
given weapons to fight.
 This also affects people in Pakistan especially along the border of Afghanistan.
 Ullema (religious leaders) who have access to common people and their opinion
brings a big change, most of them are studied also in Madrassas.
 Religiously they already had importance, but after Zia actions, their importance in
politics also increased.
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23. Islam and Politics in Pakistan
Musharraf Period Till Today
 These Ullema brought into politics directly by Zia and indirectly
by US are still a major thought in country.
 Later Musharraf, another army dictator came and, supported
US policies to fight against those Militants who were trained in
USSR war.
 This was a completely U-turn to Zia policies.
 They killed many militants and militants reaction bring violence in
Afghanistan and in some Pakistani areas.
 Some ullema came into politics and hold a strong position in
political scenario in country and also have influence in religious
circles.
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