2. BACKGROUND
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Basrah; Baghdad; Qadi; Chief Justice at Baghdad:
Abbasid Caliph al-Qaim bin Amr Allah appointed
him as his roving ambassador and set him to number
of countries as the head of special missions.
3. BACKGROUND
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Was considered as great jurist, muhaddith,
sociologist and political scientist.
Promote the doctrine of necessity in politics.
He favoured s strong caliphate and discouraged unlimited
powers delegated to the governors, which tended to create
chaos. He laid down clear principles for election of the caliph
and qualities of voters.
4. Basic Idea
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Nature of human being:
Madani…..they need each others…Allah created human being
with some weaknesses….they need Him and each other more
than the animals…..men are provided with aqal…..to guide
him to happiness….here and hereafter.
5. Basic idea
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Daulah:
To ensure peace: Features:
Practiced religion
Strong authority
Comprehensive justice
General security
Continuous prosperity
Hope for future
6. Institution of Caliphate or Imamate
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Definition of Imam:
The succession to the Prophet in the defense of the faith and the
administration of the world
7. Institution of Caliphate or Imamate
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How to appoint an Imam?
1. Electoral College may elect him
2. Ruling Imam may nominate him….but he must not be from
his family
8. Institution of Caliphate or Imamate
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Qualification of electors:
Just
Knowledgeable
Wisdom
Religious learning
Know the qualities of an imam
Not act based on influence of money, reward, material things…
etc.
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Qualifications of Imam
Collective Justice
Knowledgeable which enable him to make sound judgment
Soundness of the sense in hearing, vision and speech
Soundness of physical organs from any defect
Judgment which is conducive to the ruling of the subjects
Courage and bravery
Qurayshite descendent:
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Public duties:
Maintain religion; guard the faith on its established principles
Execute and preserve justice
Protect Islamic territory
Apply legal penalties; punishment for offences is meted out in
accordance with the prohibitions of Allah and to upheld the right of
the subjects.
To equip the frontiers with provisions
Jihad
Collect fay
Fix salary
Appoint sincere advisor
Oversee affairs personally.
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Delegation of powers:
Wazir and Amir: ( Ministers and Governors)
Wazir: who had general power over the provinces generally and
were appointed over all affairs without any special assignment.
Amirs: general power in specific provinces or district and had the
right to supervise all affairs in that particular provinces.
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Two forms of wazirat:
Delegation: full power to the holder on any task, but cannot
appoint the heir or to dismiss those whom the imam appointed.
He may appoint deputy.
Execution: enjoy limited powers; intermediary between the
imam and subjects. Might not appoint his deputy. Might be more
than one
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Imarat: two types:
Imarat Al-Istikfa
Imarat Al-Istila
Functions:
Maintain troops; fix and pay their allowances
Oversee the administration of justice and appointment of qadi.
To levy kharaj an sadaqat
Protect religion, prevent sacrilege, innovation and apostasy
Exact legal penalties
Lead prayers
Arrange for pilgrimage
Holy war
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Deposition of Imam:
Change in his moral conducts: lost his sense of justice, change
in his faith
Change in bodies:
Loss mental ability and eyesight
Loss of two hands
Loss of personal ability to rule
Al-Hijr: over-powered by his assistant or enemy
Al-Qahr: imprisoned by his enemy and no chance to save him