computer networking

3. To : Sir Ahsan Shah
Group Members
I. Raja Zeeshan.
II. Parvez Ahmed Butt.
III. Faizan Butt.
IV. Zohaib Qureshi.
V. Khavar maqsood.
VI. Mariyam Tariq.
VII. Irfan liaqat.
VIII.Munir akhoon.
University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir

4. Computer is a machine which consists of various
hardware parts and different software to process the
store data in a memory.

5. A computer network is a system in which computers are
connected to share information and resources.

6. Computer Networks Classify in different way:
o Based on transmission Medium:
i. Wired
ii. Wireless
o Based on topology:
i. Bus, Star, Ring…
o Based on network size:
i. LAN,MAN and WAN
o Based on management method:
i. Peer-to-peer and Client/server

7. Wired Media

8. Wireless Media

9. Wire pair
• Made by copper insulated by PVC.
• Commonly used in telephone line .
• Transmission speed is 1200bits/s.
Advantages
• Un expensive
• Easy to used and install.
Disadvantages
• Easily pickup noise signal which produce high error
rate.

10. Coaxial cables
• Made of copper insulated by PVC and copper mesh.
• Transmission speed is 10mb/s.
• Extensive used in telephone line and CCTV.
• Transmit 15000 voice calls at same time.
• Offers cleaner and crisper data transmission with low
error.

11. Optical fiber
• It is thin like human hair made by glass.
• Transmit 50,000 voice calls same time.
• Transmit data in form of light
• Provided high quality transmission of signal.
• Data transmission speed is 1gega/s
• Used to communicate analog and digital signal.

12. • Topology
Network consist of two or more computer that are linked in
order to share resource, exchange file and allow electronic
communication.

13. • Types of Topology:
Tree Topology
Mesh Topology
Ring Topology
Star Topology

14. Bus topology.
• A bus network is an arrangement in a local area network
(LAN) in which each node (workstation or other device) is
connected to a main cable or link called the bus.
• A bus network is simple and reliable. If one node fails to
operate, all the rest can still communicate with each
other.

15. Bus topology.
Advantages.
• Easy to connect.
• Require less cable length than a star topology.
Disadvantages
• Speed is slow.
• Depend on central wire.
• More than one system cannot operate at same time.

16. Star topology.
A star network is a local area network (LAN) in which all
nodes (workstations or other devices) are directly connected
to a common central computer.

17. Star topology.
• In star topology switch and hub both are used.
• Number of port in hub is less than switch.
Disadvantages
• If central device (hub or switch) fail or stop working
properly than network does not work..

18. Ring topology.
• A ring topology in a local area network (LAN) in which
the nodes (workstations or other devices) are connected in
a closed loop configuration

19. Ring topology.
Advantages
• Each computer has equal access to resources.
• Even when the load on the network increases, its
performance is better than that of Bus topology.
Disadvantages
• Messages will pass in clock wise or anti clock wise …
but if any one system fail than the message will not pass
and the network stop working ..

20. Mesh topology.
• A mesh topology is the type of topology in which every one
node is directly connect to other.

21. Mesh topology.
Advantages
• High speed.
• High security.
Disadvantages
• And it is difficult to handle too much wire.

22. Tree topology.
Tree topology integrates the characteristics of Star and Bus
topology.
Advantages
• Error detection and correction is easy.
• If one segment is damaged, other segments are not
affected.

23. Tree topology.
Disadvantages
• As more and more nodes and segments are added, the
maintenance becomes difficult.

24. • Network Size
There are three types of Network size.
I. LAN
II. MAN
III. WAN

25. Local Area Network (LAN)
A Computer Network that interconnects
computers within a limited area i.e. office, home, laboratory.
• Used by organization
• Transmission speed is 100-1000mbps.
• Fast speed due to limited distance.

26. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
• Combination of two LAN.
• Organization have multiple branches used this network.
• Slow speed due to large distance.

27. Wide Area Network (WAN):
• Combination of thousand of LAN and MAN.
• Transmission speed is much faster.
• It can accommodate billion of used at same time.
e.g internet

28. There are two type of Management.
• Client-server model.
• Peer to peer model.

29. • Client-server model.
In the client server model. Two processes are involved, one
on the client side and one on the server side. First the client
sends a message over the network to the server, the client
then waits for a reply. When the server receives the request
it performs the requested work and send back a reply.

30. • Client-server model.

31. • Peer to Peer model.
In the peer to peer architecture individuals form a loose
group and can communicate with other in the group. There is
no need to distinguish client and servers in this architecture.

32.  Facilitating Communication
 Sharing Hardware:
 Sharing Files, Data & Info :
 Sharing Software's:

33. In future Networks will be completely different from
present networks.
• We are expecting even house hold appliances like
electric bulb and toaster to be a part of network.
• They will have their own IP Addresses to make them
accessible & Controlled by Network.

34. • Bluetooth will replace every wire that we use.
• Its primary purpose was to replace USB but in future
we are expecting to connect our TV to DVD Player by
Bluetooth or even speaker to radio.

35. • Bluetooth will replace every wire that we use.
• Its primary purpose was to replace USB but in future
we are expecting to connect our TV to DVD Player by
Bluetooth or even speaker to radio.