Gerunds&Infinitives.pptx

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Gerunds&
Infinitives
CLBLevel5+
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Gerunds & Infinitives
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What are gerunds and infinitives…?
Chances are you are familiar with both.
Here is a short paragraph that shows them in action:
Source: https://www.englishcurrent.com/grammar/teaching-gerunds-infinitives-activities/#warm-up

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My friend Bernardo liked to eat McDonald's hamburgers. But he had a problem.
He was gaining weight. He decided to go on a diet. He stopped eating fast food
and started buying more fruit and vegetables. After a month, he had lost a few
pounds. But he wanted to lose more. I suggested joining a gym. Bernardo
disliked exercising, but he agreed to try it. Now he exercises every day and he
looks better. He's looking forward to losing more weight.

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Look at this sentence:
Maria reads.
(n) (v)
Maria - subject
reads - verb

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Maria loves reading.
(n) (v)
Maria – subject
loves - verb
reading - object This is a gerund.

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Maria loves to read.
(n) (v)
Maria – subject
loves - verb
to read – object This is an infinitive.

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What is a gerund…?
A gerund is a verb that functions as a noun.

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A gerund is “an action being used as a thing or idea.”

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A gerund is formed using “ing.”

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A gerund can also be a noun with an “ing” ending.

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Gerund examples (verbs with ing endings):
talking, walking, thinking, reading, listening…

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Gerund examples (nouns with ing endings):
snowboarding, quilting
Snowboarding is a winter sport.
Quilting is her favorite hobby.

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Gerunds can be subjects or objects in a sentence:
Reading helps students learn English. (Gerund as a subject.)
He enjoys reading for English class. (Gerund as an object.)

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What are infinitives…?
Infinitives are formed from verbs, but function as nouns,
adjectives, or adverbs.

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What are infinitives…?
Infinitives are usually formed by using “to” before the base
form of a verb.

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Infinitive examples:
to ski, to read, to listen, to remember, to draw

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Infinitives can also be subjects or objects in sentences:
To travel is exciting. (Infinitive as a subject)
Henry wants to study English. (Infinitive as an object.)

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As subjects:
Gerunds sound more natural than infinitives as subjects.
Traveling is exciting. (gerund as a subject)
To travel is exciting. (infinitive as a subject)

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Let’s watch a video to see the difference:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
s1gu725tA4&ab_channel=Ellii%28formerlyESLLibrary%29

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Some verbs are commonly followed by a gerund:
• consider
• discuss
• enjoy
• finish
• keep
• practice
• avoid
• suggest
• dislike

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What are some gerunds that might follow these verbs?
(think of a verb in the base form, and add “ing”)
• consider
• discuss
• enjoy
• finish
• keep
• practice
• avoid
• suggest
• dislike

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They will consider making other plans.

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The cat enjoys eating every last bite.

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Keep practicing and you will get better at English.

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Some verbs are commonly followed by “to” and the
infinitive. Here are some common ones:
• agree
• decide
• help
• plan
• hope
• learn
• want
• promise
• need

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What are some infinitives (base forms of verbs) that might
follow these…?
• agree to
• decide to
• help to
• plan to
• hope to
• learn to
• want to
• promise to
• need to

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I promise to drive carefully.

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It will help to speak another language.

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I hope to improve my English during the next year.

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And a few verbs can use a gerund or an infinitive without
changing the meaning of the sentence:
• continue
• hate
• like
• love
• prefer
• start

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A few verbs can use a gerund or an infinitive without
• start
It started raining.
It started to rain.

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• hate
He hates listening to the noise.
He hates to listen to the noise.

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• like
I like creating new recipes.
I like to create new recipes.

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• prefer
He preferred to eat alone.
He preferred eating alone.

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Sometimes, it is difficult to determine when to use a gerund
or infinitive:

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As you become more familiar with gerunds and infinitives, it
will get easier to choose correctly. With practice, you will
notice what sounds natural (and what doesn’t).
Unfortunately, there are some verbs that take gerunds, some
verbs that take infinitives, and some that work with both.
Here is a resource that lists quite a few:
https://www.engvid.com/english-resource/verbs-followed-
by-gerunds-and-infinitives/

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Let’s practice. Does the sentence take a gerund or an infinitive?
1. Dan enjoys ______________ science fiction.
reading to read

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1. Dan enjoys reading science fiction.
a gerund

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2. Elsa suggested _______________ a movie after work.
to watch watching

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2. Elsa suggested watching a movie after work.
a gerund

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3. I miss _________ at the bakery. Maybe I can get my old job back.
to work working

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3. I miss working at the bakery. Maybe I can get my old job back.
a gerund

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4. Where did you learn _________ Spanish?
to speak speaking

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4. Where did you learn to speak Spanish?
an infinitive

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5. Do you mind __________ me to read this letter?
to help helping

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5. Do you mind helping me to read this letter?
a gerund

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6. He asked ___________ to the store manager.
to speak speaking

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6. He asked to speak to the store manager.
an infinitive

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7. You never mentioned __________ in Japan before. How long did
you live there?
to live living

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7. You never mentioned living in Japan before. How long did you
live there?
a gerund

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8. If he keeps _________ to work late, he will get fired.
to come coming

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8. If he keeps coming to work late, he will get fired.
a gerund

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9. Jacob plans __________ abroad next year.
to study studying

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9. Jacob plans to study abroad next year.
an infinitive

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10. I agreed ________ him wash his car.
to help helping

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10. I agreed to help him wash his car.
an infinitive

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My friend Bernardo liked _________________ (eat) McDonald's
hamburgers. But he had a problem. He was gaining weight.. He
decided _________________ (go) on a diet. He stopped
_________________ (eat) fast food and started _________________ (buy)
more fruit and vegetables. After a month, he had lost a few
pounds. But he wanted _________________ (lose) more. I suggested
_________________ (join) a gym. Bernardo disliked _________________
(exercise), but he agreed _________________ (try) it. Now he exercises
every day and he looks better. He's looking forward
_________________ (lose) more weight.

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Correct the errors (if there are any) in the sentence below:
1. Lise walks to the store buying groceries.

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1. Lise walks to the store to buy groceries.

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2. Starting a task is often the most difficult step.

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2. Starting a task is often the most difficult step.
No errors.

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3. To start a task is often the most difficult step.

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3. To start a task is often the most difficult step.
No errors

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Let’s practice:
https://continuingstudies.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar
/gerinf1

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Let’s practice:
https://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/gerunds_infinitives_4.
htm

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More practice:
https://continuingstudies.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar
/gerinf2

Questions?
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https://pixabay.com/photos/cup-of-coffee-laptop-office-macbook-1280537/ shared under CC0

Your Homework is…
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Do the following verbs take an infinitive, a gerund, or both?
1. Decide
2. Need
3. Hope
4. Finish
Create a sentence using each verb and a gerund and/or infinitive in the
simple past tense.
Example: “Start” can take both an infinitive and a gerund.
I started to climb that mountain.
I started climbing that mountain.

Homework: The Details
1. Submit your homework to Lori on Skype. live:loramoren
2. After class, you have until the 11:59 pm the same day to complete the
assignment.
3. I will correct your homework and offer feedback.

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Sources
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• https://continuingstudies.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/gerinf/
• https://www.fluentu.com/blog/educator-english/esl-gerunds-and-infinitives/
• https://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/part_1.htm
• https://www.englishcurrent.com/grammar/teaching-gerunds-infinitives-
activities/

Thankyou!
Lori Morency
Skype: live:loramoren
livelearn.ca

Thankyou!
Blaine
broberts@myenglishonline.ca
livelearn.ca
1-204-946-5140
Website:
livelearn.ca
Email:
info@myenglishonline.ca

Gerunds&Infinitives.pptx

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