Eco system

1. Dear Sir/Madam
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2. Ecosystems

3. Biosphere

4. Dear Sir/Madam
For more
Please visit my YouTube Channel to learn computer
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5. What is Ecology?
• Ecology is the study of
relationships between living
things and between living
things and their environment.

6. What is an ecosystem?
• Ecosystem is a system of living
things that interact with each
other and with the physical world.
• A Biome is a collection of related
ecosystems.

7. However……..
• An ecosystem can be as large as the
Sahara Desert, or as small as a
puddle!!!
• Ecosystems are more than just the
organisms they contain.
Geography,weather,climate and
geologic factors also influence the
interactions within an ecosystem.

8. . An ecosystem is self-sustaining if the
following requirements are met:
1. A constant source of energy and a
living system capable of incorporating
this energy into organic molecules.
2. A cycling of materials between
organisms and their environment.

9. Abiotic factors:
those physical and chemical factors which
affect the ability of organisms to survive
and reproduce some example:
1. Intensity of light
2. Range of temperatures
3. Amount of moisture
4. Type of substratum (soil or rock type)
5. Availability of inorganic substances such as minerals
6. Supply of gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and
nitrogen

10. Abiotic Factors
Are nonliving physical
factors of an environment.
 Abiotoic Factors include amount of water
and oxygen, temperature, amount of
sunlight and water pressure.

11. YOU TRY!!!
List three more
examples of Abiotic
Factors:

12. Main Ecosystems:
• Desert
• Rainforest
• Ocean
• Taiga
• Tundra
• Grassland
• Temperate
Forest

13. Types of Ecosystem
• Terrestrial Eco system
Known as Biomes i.e
Plant & Animal
kingdom
• Forest ,Grassland
,Desert , Tanga ,
Tundra etc.
• Aquatic Eco system
Marine : Oceans,
Coastal , Coral reef
estuaries etc
Fresh water : Lake ,
Pond , running water
etc.

15. Stucrture and function
or
Nutritional Relationships:
A. Autotrophs: can synthesize their own
food from inorganic compounds and a
usable energy source
B. Heterotrophs: can NOT synthesize their
own food and are dependent on other
organisms for their food

16. Types of Heterotrophs:
Saprophytes: include those heterotrophic
plants, fungi, and bacteria which live on
dead matter - decomposers
Herbivores: plant-eating animals
Carnivores: meat-eating animals
Omnivores: consume both plants and meat

17. Food Chains and Webs:
• If an ecosystem is to be self-sustaining it
must contain a flow of energy.
• Those life activities that are characteristic
of living organisms require an expenditure
of energy.
•

18. • The pathways of energy through the living
components of an ecosystem are
represented by food chains and food
webs.
• Producers convert the radiant energy of
the sun into the chemical energy of food.
•
•

19. A. Food chain: involves the transfer of energy from
green plants through a series of organisms with
repeated stages of eating and being eaten
B. Food web: In a natural community, the flow of
energy and materials is much more complicated
than illustrated by any one food chain.

22. Since practically all organisms may be
consumed by more than one species, many
interactions occur along the food chains of any
community

23. Biotic Factors
• Are the living, physical
factors of an environment.
• Examples of Biotic Factors are parasitism,
disease and predation.

24. Balance
 Ecosystems will fail if they do not
remain in balance.
 No community can carry more
organisms than its food, water and
shelter can accommodate.

25. How do they stay balanced?
 To succeed in an ecosystem, plants
and animals have special structures
and behaviors called adaptations.
 Ex) Chameleon
Polar Bear
Can you think of more examples of
adaptation?

26. 1. Through a greater awareness and
application of ecological principles,
each individual can help to assure that
there will be suitable environments for
succeeding generations on our planet.

27. 2. Individuals in society must decide on
proposals which involve the introduction
of new technologies.
These decisions must assess
environmental risks, costs, benefits, and
trade-offs.

29. Dear Sir/Madam
For more
Please visit my YouTube Channel to learn computer
https://www.youtube.com/yka39
For class IX & X Computer Class visit-:
www.it402.com

30. THANKS