2. TOPOLOGY:
• “Topology defines the physical or logical arrangement
of links in a network”.
• Two or more devices connect to a link then these two
or more links make a topology.
• The topology of a network is the geometric
representation of the relationship of the relationship of
all the links and linking devices to each other.
3. TYPES OF TOPOLOGY
PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY :
PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY IS THE
PLACEMENT OF THE
VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF A NETWORK, INCLUDING DEVICE
LOCATION AND CABLE INSTALLATION.
LOGICAL TOPOLGY :
LOGICAL TOPOLOGY ILLUSTRATES HOW DATA
FLOWS WITHIN A NETWORK, REGARDLESS OF ITS PHYSICAL
DESIGN.
4. TYPES OF NETWORK
TOPOLOGY:
• BUS TOPOLOGY
• RING TOPOLOGY
• STAR TOPOLOGY
• TREE TOPOLOGY
• MESH TOPOLOGY
THERE ARE BASICALLY FIVE TYPES OF NETWORK
TOPOLOGIES:-
5. 1.BUS TOPOLOGY:
IT IS A SIMPLEST TYPE OF NETWORK WITH THE
LOWEST COST.
IN BUS TOPOLOGY NODES ARE CONNECTED TO
THE BUS CABLE BY DROP LINES AND TAPS .
AS SIGNAL TRAVELS ALONG THE BACKBONE
SOME OF ITS ENERGY IS TRANSFORM INTO
HEAT.
SO ITS BECOME WEAKER AND WEAKEAR THUS
THERE IS A LIMIT ON THE NO OF TAPS,A BUS
CAN SUPPORT.
7. • Easy in installation.
• Uses less cables than mesh , star and other.
Disadvantage
Advantage:
• Difficulty in reconfiguration fault or break in
bus cable stops all transmission
8. 2.RING TOPOLOGY:
IN THIS TOPOLOGY THE COMPUTERS ARE
CONNECTED BY AS SINGLE CABLE IN A
CIRCULAR MANNER , WITH EACH COMPUTER
CONNECTED DIRECTLY ONLY TO ITS TO
NEIGHBOURS.
IF A STATION WANTS TO SEND TO ANOTHER THE
MESSAGE JUST PAST THROUGH ALL THE
STATIONS IN BETWEEN (EITHER CLOCKWISE OR
9. RING TOPOLOGY
• THE TWO ENDS OF CABLES ARE JOINT TOGETHER.
• IN THIS TOPOLOGY COAXIAL CABLES ARE USED .
11. ADVANTAGE
• Easy to install and reconfigure fault isolation
is simplified
DISADVANTAGE
A in a ring can disable the entire network.
12. STAR TOPOLOGY
• IN THIS TOPOLOGY THE COMPUTER ARE CONNECTED IN
STAR MANNER.
• THE SERVER IS PLACED AT THE CENTER OF STAR.
• IN THIS TOPOLOGY THE COMPUTER ARE NOT DIRECTLY
LINKED TO EACH OTHER.
13. STAR TOPOLOGY
THE SERVER (CENTRE CONTROLLER)
CONTROLS ALL COMMUNICATIONS
BETWEEN STATIONS TO THE NETWORK.
FAILURE OF THE CENTRAL CONTROLLER
WILL DISABLE ALL COMMUNICATION
THROUGHOUT THE WHOLE NETWORK .
IF ONES DEVICE WANTS TO SEND DATA TO
ANOTHER, IT SENDS THE DATA TO THE
CONTROLLER AND THEN RELAY THE DATA
TO OTHER CONNECTED DEVICE.
15. ADVANTAGE
• Less expansive
• Easy to install
• Robustness
• Fault identification
• Less cabling
DISADVANTAGE
• If central controller(HUB) fails,entire
network goes down.
16. TREE TOPOLOGY• A tree topology is a variation of a star.
• As in star , nodes is a tree are linked to a
central hub that controls the traffic to the
network.
• In tree every computer is not plugged in
to the central hub most of them are
connected to the secondary hub.
18. TREE TOPOLGY
• In this topology ,the concept of child and
parent is applied during communication
process.
• A child node can pass information to another
child node at the same level through the
parent.
• The failure of parent node disables the
communication.
19. ADVANTAGES
• It is more robust in terms of security of information in
comparision to star,bus or ring topologies.
• It is having the the best security.
• Allow more devices to be attched to a central hub and
therefor increases the distance a signal can travel
between devices.
• The good example of tree topolgy can be seen
in cable tv technology where the main cable
from the main office is divided into main
branches and each branch is divided into
smaller branches and soon.
20. MESH TOPOLOGY:
• Mesh topologies involve the concept of routes.
• Unlike each of the previous topologies,
messages sent on a mesh network can take any
of several possible paths from source to
destination.
• Some WANs, most notably the Internet, employ
mesh routing.
• A mesh network in which every device connects
to every other is called a full mesh.
21. MESH TOPOLOGY
• This is also known as connected network.
• Every node in LAN is connected to all other nodes ,
through a direct cable.
• A fully connected mesh network therefor has n(n-1)/2
physical channels to link n devices.
• Every devices on the network must have (n-1)
input/output ports to accommodate that many links.
23. ADVANTAGES
• It has the highest speed of communication
and highest reliability.
• Point to point links make fault identification
and fault isolation easy.
• A mesh topology is robust . If one link
become unuseable , it does not incapaciate
the entire system.
• A mesh topology has privacy or security.
24. DISADVANTAGE
• Main disadvantage of a mesh are related to
the amount of cabling and the number of I/O
ports needed.
• Since each devices must be connected to
every other device , installation and
reconfiguration are difficult.
• Due to these reasons this topology has the
highest cabling cost.
