Almost everything in EC frame is based on the idea of openness of information interactions for all inforgs. Openness is not just a human value – openness is affects compatibility, imperoperability, open development, open coding, open formats, data transfer, ... but also machine learning (AI) over open knowledge bases! Thus, pragmatic ethics extended to information interactions between inforgs can be the starting point for forming a non-anthropocentric framework. The key value of this new ethics is open information interaction that do not discriminate against anyone.

1. THE PRINCIPLE OF
NON-DISCRIMINATION
IN THE INFOSPHERE: A
NEW ETHICS
MICHAL ČERNÝ, RADIM ŠÍP, DENISA DENGLEROVÁ
DEP. SOCIAL EDUCATION, MASARYK UNIVERSITY

2. BACKGROUND: INFOSPHERE
 Luciano Floridi: Onlife manifesto and The Fourth Revolution: How the Infosphere is Reshaping Human
Reality:
 Information interactions are crucial to describing being in the world.
 Information interactions are something that constitutes the infosphere as the space of these interactions.
 There is a progressive blurring of the boundaries between online and offline, between here and there, but also
between technology, humans and other biotic structures.
 This interaction have a dynamic character, not just assimilation and accommodation (as in Piaget), but leads to
increased integration and interaction of information.
 Inforg: information agent is any entity ability of processing information.

3. BACKGROUND II
 The importance of AI is increasing for all aspects of human life. This also has implications that appear to be debatable or
generally problematic:
 Amy Webb, a professor at New York University and founder of the Future Today Institute, argued that AI means a significant
strengthening of the positions of corporations that have access to large amounts of data and thus have a great deal of power. In
this respect, they are attractive to authoritarian regimes or, in general, to governments, because they see the tool as a global
strategic asset. The strongest weapon in the USA will not be atomic weapons, but Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Apple or
Facebook.
 An interesting step is the view that companies should emphasize sustainable development over short-term goals, which is also
emphasized by José van Dijck in Europe. The fact that companies would massively favor the public good (moreover, difficult to
define) over the profit that shareholders expect from them seems very unlikely. At the same time, however, it should be noted
that a large number of large companies stress that, for example, social networking or personal data protection in general
should be regulated.
 According to some Amazon employees, the AI system, not the immediate supervisor, decides about the testimony. In other
words, the recommendation to terminate is clearly described, measured and justified by the system and the relevant manager or
HR should probably only check or consider other possible influences.
 Probably the most famous problem with AI and discrimination is linked to the human resources department, which worked
by learning the system to select regular recruiters working in Amazon, how they select future employees based on what their
resume looks like. This choice was in fact discriminatory for women.

4. PROBLEMS?
HOW SHOULD ETHICAL RULES BE SET UP TO
ALLOW PEOPLE AND MACHINES TO STAY
TOGETHER IN THE INFOSPHERE?
CAN WE BUILD ETHICS AT ANOTHER PERSPECTIVE
THAN ANTHROPOCENTRIC?
FLORIDI'S SOLUTION APPLYING THE PHILOSOPHY
OF INFORMATION IS NOT SATISFACTORY.

5. WHAT IS INFORMATION?
INFORMATION IS USEFUL DATA. USEFUL DATA = INFORMATION THAT WILL HELP
INFORG TO BEHAVE IN A SUCCESSFUL WAY.

6. FLORIDI AND ETHICS CONSEQUENCES OF HIS MODEL
 Ethics of information must reject information ethics (it is anthropocentric). The focus is not on human
and his virtuous action, but on the information.
 Good: reducing entropy in the infosphere.
 Evil: increasing entropy in the infosphere.
 Categorical imperative: all actors in the infosphere must always behave in a way that reduces
entropy in the infosphere.

7. CONSEQUENCES… BUT
 The infosphere is seen as static.
 Ethics is strongly conservative (Floridi uses examples with an intuitive, only possible solution that
correlates with his new concept. Vandalism and murder are bad because they reduce information
evidence, thus increasing entropy.).
 Ethics does not allow - even in the short term - to increase entropy (i.e. revolution, restructuring,
changes are unacceptable)

8. OUR SOLUTION OF INFOSPHERE CONCEPTION
 The infosphere is a dynamic structure of intensive infromation interaction
 Dewey (Democracy and Education, Chap. 7) talks about ethics based on two principles:
 Man is active in exchange transactions
 This exchange must be open (for example, the robbers interact intensively together, but it is not open interaction -
it is, therefore, unethical behaviour.)
 What to do:
 Change a person and inforg.
 Swap transactions for interactions.
 Extend the field of aplcitation ethics.

9. OUR SOLUTION

10. OTHER POSSIBILITIES OF INFOSPHERE CONCEPTION
 Inforg is active in information interactions in the infosphere.
 Thist information interactions must be open.
 Thist information intereactions constitued inforgs.

11. "NEW READING OF THE INFOSPHERE"
The inforsphere is the
dynamic space of inforgs
interactions.
Ethical behaviour is an
interactively open one.
Inforgs activities in the
infosphere are associated
with the creation of new
structures.
There is no wanted minimum
of entropy.
Openness is a fundamental
value in the infosphere.

12. OPENNESS AS AN EDUCATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
OPENNESS AS A BASIS
LEARNING -
CONNECTIVISM BY D.
CORMIER (RHIZOMATIC
LEARNING) AND G. SIEMENS
(LEARNING AS AN OPEN
NETWORK ISSUE WITH
BOTH LIVE AND INANIMATE
ACTORS)
OPENNESS IS A POSSIBLE
WAY TO REFLECT ON THE
CRITICAL SOCIO-
EDUCATIONAL THEMES OF
JUSTICE, EQUALITY,
INCLUSION.
OPENNESS IS A
PREREQUISITE FOR
DEMOCRATIC EDUCATION.
OPENNESS IS A
GUARANTEE OF ACCESS
TO INFORMATION AND
INFORMATION RESOURCES.
OPENNESS IS A RESEARCH
PERSPECTIVE.

13. EC: ETHICAL PRINCIPLES FOR CREATING SYSTEMS WITH AI
Human agency and
oversight
Technical Robustness
and safety
Privacy and data
governance
Transparency Diversity, non-
discrimination and
fairness
Societal and
environmental well-
being
Accountability

14. CONCLUSIONS
 Almost everything in EC frame is based on the idea of openness of information interactions for all
inforgs.
 Openness is not just a human value – openness is affects compatibility, imperoperability, open
development, open coding, open formats, data transfer, ... but also machine learning (AI) over open
knowledge bases!
 Thus, pragmatic ethics extended to information interactions between inforgs can be the starting
point for forming a non-anthropocentric framework. The key value of this new ethics is open
information interaction that do not discriminate against anyone.

15. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
CERNY@KISK.CZ