The document discusses the term "biodiversity" in biology. Biodiversity refers to the genetic variation that exists within populations of all the Earth's species. It encompasses the total number of different species on Earth, their genetic diversity, and the variety of ecosystems.

1. What does the term “biodiversity” refer to in the field of biology?
BRCC BIOL 121 FINAL SPRING 20151. E coli is a shortened name for a bacterium that lives
in our gut. According to the rules of binomial nomenclature it is properly written as
_______________.a. Escherichia COLIb. Escherichia Colic. Escherichia colid. escherichia colie.
escherichia coli2. What does the term “ biodiversity” refer to in the field of biology?a. Total
number of species on earthb. Genetic variation that exists within populations all of the
earth’ s speciesc. Total number of Earth’ s ecosystemsd. All of the above are correct3.
Prokaryotic cells are classified in Domain(s) _______a. Archaeab. Bacteriac. Eukaryad.
Archaea and Bacteriae. Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya4.4. The shape of this bacterium is
__________ and the attachment filaments radiating out are called_________a. bacillus………….
flagellab. coccus……………ciliac. spirilla…………..pilid. bacillus…………pilie. vibrio…………….cilia5. A
certain bacterium can withstand heating, drying and toxic chemicals that would kill most
other bacteria. This indicates that it is probably able to form a __________a. Pseudopodiab.
Conjugation tubec. Endospored. Flagellume. Endotoxins6.What ecological role is played by
cyanobacteria ?a. photosynthetic producers that make sugar and pump oxygen into the
atmosphereb. decomposers of dead leaves and dead animalsc. chemosynthetic producersd
pathogens of plants and animalse. predators of other bacteria6.7. The term phytoplankton
applies to photosynthetic, microscopic floating organisms such as________a. Protozoan
ciliates and flagellatesb. Aquatic plantsc. Dinoflagellates, diatoms and some unicellular or
colonial green algaed. Macroalgae and seaweedse. Fungus like protists such as slime
molds8. Which of the following statements is false?a. Most protists are aquatic.b. Protists
are eukaryotes.c. Most protists are unicellular.d. Protists have more complex cells than
prokaryotes.e. Photosynthetic protists are called protozoa.9.9. Which of the following
structures is used by amoebas to move and to eat?a. microvillib. ciliac. flagellad.
pseudopodiae. tendrils10. Into what kingdom do we place multicellular heterotrophic
eukaryotes that acquire food by absorption from the environment and have cell walls made
of chitin?a. Plantaeb. Animaliac. Protistad. Fungie. Proteobacteria11.11. (See image to the
left) A fungus surrounding a root absorbs food from the plant and in turn this fungus
provides water and minerals to the plant. This is a _________ relationship?a. parasiticb.
commensalisticc. predatoriald. mutualistice. competitive12. (See image above). A fungus
growing together with a plant root in a way that benefits both isa(n)_______a. Lichenb.
Epiphytec. Mycorrhizaed. Hemiparasitee. Halophyte13. Which group shares the most recent

2. common ancestor with land plants?a. Fungib. Cyanobacteriac. Brown algaed. Green algae –
charophytese. Filamentous Bacteria14.14. The part of the moss the arrow points to is the
_____________ and it produces spores by ____________a. male gametophyte……..mitosisb. female
gametophyte…..meiosisc. sporophyte………………..mitosisd. sporophyte……………….meiosis.15.
Which of the following plant features is an adaptation for survival and reproduction on
land?a. Cuticleb. Seedc. Vascular tissued. Pollen graine. All of the above16.16. The arrow is
pointing to a __________ in the life cycle of a fern?a. sporophyteb. female gametophytec. male
gametophyted. zygote17. Which of the following identifies all vascular plants that produce
seeds?a. Mosses and fernsb. Ferns and Gymnospermsc. Gymnosperms and Angiospermsd.
Only mossese. Only Angiosperms18. (see image below)18. The structure is called a(n) ______
and it belongs to the _____ part of the flower.a. stigma………………………femaleb.
anther…………………….. malec. anther……………………..femaled. stigma……………………..malee. pollen
tube…………….male19.ABE19. ( see diagram to right) Sperm nuclei are located in pollen
produced at ________ and the egg is located within the _________a. C ……………..Bb. A………………Cc.
A……………..Dd. D……………..Ae. B……………..DDC20. The wood of trees is actually layers of
_______________a. Vascular cambiumb. Cork cambiumc. Secondary phloemd. Secondary
xyleme. Cork21. Corn kernels, peppers, tomatoes and cucumbers all contain seeds and are
derived from the ovary of a flowering plant; therefore in botanical terms, they
are____________a. Fruitsb. Modified Stemsc. Modified leavesd. Sepalse. None of the above22.
Which of the following statements do notapply to all animals?a. Animals are multicellularb.
Animals are heterotrophicc. Animals are multicellulard. Animals have tissues and organse.
Animals are eukaryotes23. A marine biologist finds a small animal at the bottom of the
ocean that is uniformly segmented with short stiff bristles and soft skin. It has a complete
digestive system and a circulatory system but no exoskeleton. Based on this description,
this animal sounds like it is a(n)___________a. Flatwormb. Nematodec. Eeld. Annelide.
Squid24. Examine this diagram of a planarian. It is a(n)____________a. acoelomateb.
pseudocoelomatec. coelomate24.25. (See the arrow pointing to the outer layer of cells in the
planarian) What is this germ layer called?a. Endodermb. Mesodermc. Ectodermd.
Placoderme. Pachyderm26. Which reptilian adaptation enables reptiles to reproduce on
land?a. Lungsb. Endothermic metabolismc. An amniotic eggd. Four legse. Three chambered
heart27. (See image below)27. This invertebrate lancelet belongs in Phylum ________ based
on its key characteristics.a. Vertebratab. Agnathac. Chondrichthyesd. Chordatae.
Mollusca28. (See evolutionary tree below)28. Based on this evolutionary tree,Which
primates are the most primitive?a. Lemurs , lorises, and pottosb. Old world monkeysc.
Apesd. New world monkeyse. tarsiers29. Which unique feature distinguishes the members
of the lineage that gave rise to humans from other hominids including gorillas, chimpanzees
and orangutans?a. Grasping handb. Large snout nosec. Binocular visiond. Bipedal
locomotione. Knuckle walking30. The “ Out of Africa” hypothesis proposes that the first
modern humans evolved ____________________a. in multiple regions of the world outside of
Africab. in Africa and migrated to Asia and Europec. outside of Africa and migrated into
Africa31. What group(s) of mammals has embryos that develop completely within the
uterus while being nourished.by the mother?a. Placentalb. Marsupialc. Monotremed. Both
marsupial and Placentale. Both monotremes and marsupial32. Which is an incorrectmatch

3. of muscle tissue type with the organ?a. Cardiac muscle…………………….. heartb. Smooth muscle
……………………stomachc. Cardiac muscle……………………. Arteriesd. Smooth muscle……………………..
small intestinese. Skeletal muscles……………………muscles attached to bones33. What is an
example of homeostasis?a. Skin is composed of all four tissue types.b. When sugar levels
rise in the blood, the pancreas releases insulin to bring down the sugar levels.c. DNA is
found in the nucleus of all eukaryotic cellsd. When you exercise, your body temperature
risese. Hair grows at a constant rate.34. (See heart below)34. What is the name of the
chamber labeled Q?a. right atriumb. right ventriclec. left atriumd. left ventricle35. Where
does this chamber Q pump blood next?a. pulmonary arteryb. left atriumc. aortad.
pulmonary veinsQ35. (See heart above)36. Which of the following lists traces the correct
path of blood from theVena cava to the lungs?a. Left atrium………. Left
ventricle…………..aortab. Left atrium………..Left ventricle……..……..pulmonary veinsc. Right
atrium………Right ventricle…………….pulmonary arteriesd. Right atrium…….. Left
ventricle……………Aortae. Right atrium…….. Right ventricle……….…..pulmonary veins37. The
respiratory surface of most organisms, such as alveoli in humans, must __________a. Be thin (
one cell layer thick)b. Be moistc. Have an extensive surface aread. Allow diffusion of
gassese. All of the above are true38. Label the respiratory structures shown inFigure 4 by
choosing the CORRECT set of labels.38. Label the respiratory structures shown in this figure
by choosing the correct set of labelsa. A= pharynx B =esophagus C =tracheab. A= pharynx B
=larynx C= bronchiolesc. A = pharynx B= trachea C = bronchusd. A = larynx B= bronchus C =
tracheae. A = larynx B = bronchus C = bronchioles39. (See image below)39. This test tube
has been spun with a centrifuge.The liquid portion on top labeled A is the ______________ and
the dark red portion on the bottom labeled C are ________________a. Plasma………………..
erythrocytesb. Plasma………………….. leukocytesc. Plasma……………………. Plateletsd.
Platelets…………………. Erythrocytese. Leukocytes……………. Erythrocytes40. A blood pressure
reading of 150/100 is an indicator of _____________________ and the number 150 is the
___________________ blood pressure.a. Normal blood pressure…………………………systolicb. Normal
blood pressure……………………….. diastolicc. High blood pressure……………………………. systolicd.
High blood pressure……………………………..diastolice. Low blood pressure………………………………
diastolic41. What is the human body’ s first line of defense against pathogens?a.
Macrophages and inflammationb. Antibodiesc. Barriers of the skin with its oil and sweat,
tears of eyesd. T lymphocytese. B lymphocytes42. Helper T cells _________________a. Launch
antibody-mediated immunity onlyb. Launch cell-mediated immunity onlyc. Launch both
antibody-mediated and cell mediated immunityd. Do not help launch either antibody-
mediated nor cell-mediated immunity43. Vaccinations are effective in producing immunity
because they stimulate the production of _________a. Red blood cellsb. White blood cellsc.
Memory cellsd. Helper T cellse. Phagocytes44. The disease of rheumatoid arthritis involves
a person attacking their own joints resulting in inflammation and pain. Rheumatoid arthritis
is a(n)_____________a. Type of allergyb. Infectious diseasec. Immune deficiency diseased.
Autoimmune diseasee. Pulmonary disease45. The _______________ sends out digestive
enzymes to complete digestion and is the location where most nutrients are absorbed into
the bloodstream.a. Small intestineb. Large intestinec. Stomachd. Rectume. Esophagus46.
Which of the following isNota function of the excretory (urinary) system?a. Elimination of

4. nitrogenous wastes ( ammonia, urea, uric acid)b. Maintenance of salt balancec. Help in
maintaining acid-base balanced. Elimination of undigested foode. Maintenance of water
balance47.47. What letter points to the organ where bile is made, ammonia is converted to
urea, and glucose is converted to glycogen?a. Ab. Bc. Cd. De. E.48. What letter points to the
organ where major water absorption occurs and formation of feces?a. Ab. Bc. Cd. De. EUse
key belowEDCAB48. Use above key49. Which of the following describes the route of urine
out of the body after it leaves the kidney?a. Renal vein…………….…urinary
bladder…………………urethra……………..ureterb. Renal vein………………
ureter……………………………….urinary bladder……………urethrac. Urethra…………………..urinary
bladder………………….ureterd. Ureter……………………urinary bladder……………………urethrae.
Urethra…………………..urinary bladder…………………..ureters50. What is the functional unit of the
kidney in which urine is formed?a. Nephronb. Alveolusc. Villid. Gangliae. Ventricle51. Which
is anincorrectmatch?a. Fertilization —
—
—
- union of egg and sperm to form a zygoteb.
Ovulation —
—
—
—
—release of an egg from a folliclec. Cleavage —
—
—
—
—
- repeated division of
cells without increase in sized. Gastrulation ……………. formation of a solid ball of cellse.
Blastulation …………….. formation of a hollow ball of cells52. (see image below)52. The name
of the organ labeled B is the ____________ of a human female and in a healthy state has a
weakly __________ pH.a. uterine tube…………………..acidb. vagina……………………………basicc.
uterus……………………………. acidicd. vagina……………………………..acidice. uterus……………………………..
basicZ53.53. The path of sperm in a male from the seminiferoustubules is
____________________a. epididymis……………urethra……………vas deferensb. epididymis…………..vas
deferens………. Urethrac. urethra………………. Vas deferens…………epididymisd. urethra……………….
Epididymis…………..vas deferense. vas deferens……….urethra…………………..epididymis(see
image below)54. Which of the following is anincorrectmatch?a.
Testes……………………..testosteroneb. Ovaries…………………. Estrogen and progesteronec. Adrenal
glands………..Epinephrined. Pancreas…………………Insulin and glucagone. Thymus…………………..
Thyroxine55. The central nervous system consists of _______________a. Cranial nervesb.
Peripheral nervesc. Brain and spinal cordd. Only the braine. Only the spinal cord56. The
dramatic change in voltage across the cell membrane of a neuron that occurs only after a
threshold value is reached is called the __________________.a. Threshold potentialb. Resting
potentialc. Passive potentiald. Action potentiale. Reaction potential57. (see image below)57.
The part of the neuron that sends on the electrochemical signal to another neuron and may
be covered by a myelin sheath is called_________________a. dendriteb. cell bodyc. axond.
nucleuse. neurotransmitter58.58. The arrow points to the region of the brain responsible
for _________a. breathing and digestingb. coordinating muscle movement and balancec.
thinking, remembering, sensing, and control of skeletal musclesd. functioning of kidneys
and heart(see image below)59. Which type of neuron is found in the brain and spinal
cord?a. Sensory neuronb. Interneuronc. Motor neuron60. Because only the ____________gland
uses iodine to make its hormone thyroxine, radioactive iodine is often used as a treatment
for tumors of this gland.a. Thyroidb. Pituitaryc. Adrenald. Testiculare. Pancreatic61. The
chemical signals released at the end of a pre-synaptic neuron that moves across the synaptic
cleft and are received by the post-synaptic neuron are called________a. Hormonesb.
Neurotransmittersc. Pheromonesd. Histaminese. Cytokines62. Where are the receptors

5. located for a protein type hormone such as insulin?a. Inside of every cell in the bodyb.
Inside of the hormone’ s target cellsc. Within the plasma membrane of every cell in the
bodyd. Within the plasma membrane of the hormone’ s target cells63. Which of the
following does not pair a hormone with what it regulates in the human body?a.
Insulin………………decreases in blood glucose levelb. Glucagon…………increases in blood
glucose levelc. ADH (antidiuretic hormone)…….. water conservation in kidneyd.
Oxytocin……………uterine contractions during delivery of a babye. Parathyroid hormone……….
Controls vitamin D levels64. In the figure below, which number would designate the cold
tundra biome with low average annual precipitation?a. 1 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 665. In the figure
above, what is the range of average annual precipitation (cm) for biome #3?a. 5-100 b 50-
175 c. 150-450 d. 0-10 e. 5066. What factors could prevent a population from growing
beyond its carrying capacity?a. Diseaseb. Limited foodc. Limited places to lived.
Competitione. All of the above are factors67. (see graph below)67. Choose theincorrect
statement about thelogisticmodel of population growth that is illustrated to the left.a. it fits
an S shaped curveb. it takes into account available resourcesc. it is describing a population
with limiting factorsd. growth slows down as the population size approaches its carrying
capacitye. it represents human population growth over time68. Which of the following
represents abiological community?a. All the black bears living in a certain areab. A species
of shark in the Gulf of Mexicoc. The temperature, amount of rainfall, monkeys and plants in
a rainforestd. All of the living organisms inhabiting a New Mexico deserte. The number of
squirrels in Central Park New York69. Which of the following listsonlyabiotic
environmental factors?a. Temperature, fire, wind, parasitesb. Soil minerals, oxygen levels,
light, competitorsc. Wind, temperature, soil minerals, lightd. Light, rainfall, predators,
temperaturee. Precipitation, cloud cover, wind, symbionts70. The process of primary
succession occurs ____________a. Around a recently erupted volcanob. On a newly plowed
fieldc. On a hillside that has suffered a mudslided. On a recently flooded riverbanke. On a
freshly cleared subdivision lot71.70. What isnot true about this population?a. The
population will increase at a rapid pace.b. The pre-reproductive population is larger than
the elderly population.c. This pattern is typical of a developed countryd. There is a close
balance in the population in terms of males and femalese. This population will require many
more resources in the future.72. Which of these is adensity dependent factor in terms of its
effect on populations?a. Hurricaneb. Competition and parasitismc. Earthquaked. Volcanoe.
Windstorm73. Population density is the number of __________ in a given area.a. Adults of a
single speciesb. Females of a single speciesc. Prereproductive individuals of a single
speciesd. Individuals of a single species74. In a food chain “ plant to caterpillar to lizard to
snake” , which of these is the herbivore?a. Plantb. Caterpillarc. Lizardd. Snakee. None of
these75. The term for a species that is found only in a particular place or region and
nowhere else ( ie kangaroo in Australia) is called a(n)__________speciesa. Threatenedb.
Endangeredc. Endemicd. Keystonee.Invasive