21. What are arbuscles? a. sexual structures of basidiomycetes b. sexual structures of ascomycetes c. symbiotic structures found in many lichens d. parasitic structures e. none of the above 22. In which group would you expect budding cells? a. Ascomycota b. Basidiomycota c. Zygomycota d. Glomeromucata e. all of the above 23. What is one of the main differences between mosses and ferns? a. In mosses, the gametophyte dominates. b. In mosses, the sporophyte dominates. c. In ferns, the two generations remain fused together. d. Ferns have a protonema stage. e. Moss sperms from the male gametophyte have to swim to the female gametophyte. 24. What do conifers have? a. pollen, but no seeds b. embryos but no microspores c. seeds but no fruits d. cones but no ovules e. none of the above 25. Which of the following is not correct for mosses? a. They have an alternation of generations. b. They are vascular plants. c. The gametophyte is the dominant generation. d. The gametophyte develops from a protonema. e. Female gametophytes produce archegonia. 26. Anthers are found in which of the following groups? a. monocots b. mosses c. ferns d. Svcadaphyta e. all of the above 27. Which of the following groups have vascular tissue? a. monocots b. horsetails c. ferns d. Gveadaphyta e. all of the above 28. Which of the following would you expect to find in an octopus? a. The mouth forms after the blastopore develops into the anus. b. radial cleavage c. There is no mesoderm d. determinate cleavage e. an incomplete digestive system 29. In which group would you expect to find a medusa stage? a. Polychaeta b. Cnidaria c. centipedes d. Gastropoda e. tapeworms 30. Which characters are shared by echinoderms and corals? a. no excretory system b. radial symmetry c. no respiratory system d. no head e. all of the above 31. Most animals are a. both triploblastic and with bilateral symmetry. b. both triploblastic and with radial symmetry. c. both diploblastic and with radial symmetry. d. both diploblastic and with bilateral symmetry. e. none of the above 32. Protostomes have both a. radial and spiral cleavage. b. determinate and spiral cleavage. c. determinate and radial cleavage. d. indeterminate and spiral cleavage. e. triploblastic and radial cleavage. 33. Which of the following would you not find in insects? a. Malpighian tubules b. two pairs of antennae c. compound eyes d. a tracheal system e. an open circulatory system 34. Spiders differ from insects by having a. segmentation b. an open circulatory system c. an abdomen d. an exoskeleton e. book lungs 35. What is the gas exchange system in insects called? a. Malpighian tubules b. book lungs c. external gills d. tracheal system e. complete metamorphosis 36. Insects have the same number of antennae as a. spiders b. millipedes c. centipedes d. crustaceans e. both b and c 37. Which arthropod groups have more legs than insects? a. spiders b. crustaceans c. centipedes d. millipedes e. all of the above 38. In order to become fully .

1. 21. What are arbuscles? a. sexual structures of basidiomycetes b. sexual structures of
ascomycetes c. symbiotic structures found in many lichens d. parasitic structures e. none of the
above 22. In which group would you expect budding cells? a. Ascomycota b. Basidiomycota c.
Zygomycota d. Glomeromucata e. all of the above 23. What is one of the main differences
between mosses and ferns? a. In mosses, the gametophyte dominates. b. In mosses, the
sporophyte dominates. c. In ferns, the two generations remain fused together. d. Ferns have a
protonema stage. e. Moss sperms from the male gametophyte have to swim to the female
gametophyte. 24. What do conifers have? a. pollen, but no seeds b. embryos but no microspores
c. seeds but no fruits d. cones but no ovules e. none of the above 25. Which of the following is
not correct for mosses? a. They have an alternation of generations. b. They are vascular plants. c.
The gametophyte is the dominant generation. d. The gametophyte develops from a protonema. e.
Female gametophytes produce archegonia. 26. Anthers are found in which of the following
groups? a. monocots b. mosses c. ferns d. Svcadaphyta e. all of the above 27. Which of the
following groups have vascular tissue? a. monocots b. horsetails c. ferns d. Gveadaphyta e. all of
the above 28. Which of the following would you expect to find in an octopus? a. The mouth
forms after the blastopore develops into the anus. b. radial cleavage c. There is no mesoderm d.
determinate cleavage e. an incomplete digestive system 29. In which group would you expect to
find a medusa stage? a. Polychaeta b. Cnidaria c. centipedes d. Gastropoda e. tapeworms 30.
Which characters are shared by echinoderms and corals? a. no excretory system b. radial
symmetry c. no respiratory system d. no head e. all of the above 31. Most animals are a. both
triploblastic and with bilateral symmetry. b. both triploblastic and with radial symmetry. c. both
diploblastic and with radial symmetry. d. both diploblastic and with bilateral symmetry. e. none
of the above 32. Protostomes have both a. radial and spiral cleavage. b. determinate and spiral
cleavage. c. determinate and radial cleavage. d. indeterminate and spiral cleavage. e. triploblastic
and radial cleavage. 33. Which of the following would you not find in insects? a. Malpighian
tubules b. two pairs of antennae c. compound eyes d. a tracheal system e. an open circulatory
system 34. Spiders differ from insects by having a. segmentation b. an open circulatory system c.
an abdomen d. an exoskeleton e. book lungs 35. What is the gas exchange system in insects
called? a. Malpighian tubules b. book lungs c. external gills d. tracheal system e. complete
metamorphosis 36. Insects have the same number of antennae as a. spiders b. millipedes c.
centipedes d. crustaceans e. both b and c 37. Which arthropod groups have more legs than
insects? a. spiders b. crustaceans c. centipedes d. millipedes e. all of the above 38. In order to
become fully terrestrial, which of the following features was most important for the vertebrates?
a. amniotic egg b. four legs c. teeth d. moist skin e. fur 39. With respect to species number,
which vertebrate group is most diverse? a. amphibians b. reptiles c. birds d. mammals e. bony
fishes 40. Among reptiles, which extant (living) group is least related to all the others? a.
dinosaurs b. crocodiles c. lizards d. pterosaurs e. turtles 41. Which organ is the site of most
digestive processes? a. stomach b. small intestine c. large intestine d. liver e. pancreas 42. Which
should be the main concern for a person on a vegetarian diet? a. To maximize the amount of
proteins in their diet b. To ensure that they receive all necessary vitamins c. To ensure that they
receive an adequate amount of each essential amino acid d. To ensure that their diets are very
low in fats e. To ensure that their diet contains enough calcium 43. Which of the following is a
micronutrient for animals? a. iodine b. manganese c. molybdenum d. zinc e. cobalt 44. Which of
the following is not a millennium goal? a. environmental sustainability b. corporate greed c.
maternal health d. child health e. universal education 45. What is a species that faces extinction
called? a. extinct b. endangered c. threatened d. unstable e. at risk 46. The United Nation's major

2. conservation organization is the a. COSEWIC b. RUE c. IUCN d. CITES e. WWF 47. The most
severe extinction so far happened at the end of the a. Cretaceous b. Ordovician c. Permian d.
Devonian e. Triassic 48. What is the main reason that invasive species often outcompete native
ones? a. They do well in nutrient rich habitats. b. They have a higher reproductive rate than the
native species. c. They don't face predation. d. They have a higher resource use efficiency. e.
They enjoy similar conditions as in their native range. 49. Which is the most likely explanation
of the dinosaur extinction? a. human influences b. an asteroid impact c. competition from other
reptiles d. it conforms to the background extinction rate e. dinosaurs were poorly adapted 50.
Canada's major conservation organization is the a. COSEWIC b. RUE c. IUCN d. CITES e.
WWF