This document contains a series of multiple choice questions related to biology. It tests knowledge in the following areas:
1. Characteristics of different vertebrate groups like scales in reptiles and the binomial naming system.
2. Key biological processes like respiration, nutrition, excretion and their definitions.
3. Use of dichotomous keys to identify plants and animals based on physical characteristics.
4. Classification of organisms and their relatedness based on shared characteristics and traits.
Mr Exham IGCSE - Cell Differentiation and Organisationmrexham
This is a presentation designed to help explain the section of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course about cell differentiation and organisation. For more help with IGCSE Biology please visit mrexham.com
Mr Exham IGCSE - Cell Differentiation and Organisationmrexham
This is a presentation designed to help explain the section of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course about cell differentiation and organisation. For more help with IGCSE Biology please visit mrexham.com
This is the first PowerPoint in the mrexham IGCSE Biology series. It is also available on iBooks.
It covers the Cells section from life processes of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course
This is the first PowerPoint in the mrexham IGCSE Biology series. It is also available on iBooks.
It covers the Cells section from life processes of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course
BRCC BIOL 121 FINAL SPRING 2015
1. E coli is a shortened name for a bacterium that lives in our gut. According to the rules of binomial nomenclature it is properly written as _______________.
a. Escherichia COLI
b. Escherichia Coli
c. Escherichia coli
d. escherichia coli
e. escherichia coli
2. What does the term “biodiversity” refer to in the field of biology?
a. Total number of species on earth
b. Genetic variation that exists within populations all of the earth’s species
c. Total number of Earth’s ecosystems
d. All of the above are correct
3. Prokaryotic cells are classified in Domain(s) _______
a. Archaea
b. Bacteria
c. Eukarya
d. Archaea and Bacteria
e. Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya
4.
4. The shape of this bacterium is __________ and the attachment filaments radiating out are called_________
a. bacillus…………. flagella
b. coccus……………cilia
c. spirilla…………..pili
d. bacillus………… pili
e. vibrio…………….cilia
5. A certain bacterium can withstand heating, drying and toxic chemicals that would kill most other bacteria. This indicates that it is probably able to form a __________
a. Pseudopodia
b. Conjugation tube
c. Endospore
d. Flagellum
e. Endotoxins
6.What ecological role is played by cyanobacteria ?
a. photosynthetic producers that make sugar and pump oxygen into the atmosphere
b. decomposers of dead leaves and dead animals
c. chemosynthetic producers
d pathogens of plants and animals
e. predators of other bacteria
6.
7. The term phytoplankton applies to photosynthetic, microscopic floating organisms such as________
a. Protozoan ciliates and flagellates
b. Aquatic plants
c. Dinoflagellates, diatoms and some unicellular or colonial green algae
d. Macroalgae and seaweeds
e. Fungus like protists such as slime molds
8. Which of the following statements is false?
a. Most protists are aquatic.
b. Protists are eukaryotes.
c. Most protists are unicellular.
d. Protists have more complex cells than prokaryotes.
e. Photosynthetic protists are called protozoa.
9.
9. Which of the following structures is used by amoebas to move and to eat?
a. microvilli
b. cilia
c. flagella
d. pseudopodia
e. tendrils
10. Into what kingdom do we place multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes that acquire food by absorption from the environment and have cell walls made of chitin?
a. Plantae
b. Animalia
c. Protista
d. Fungi
e. Proteobacteria
11.
11. (See image to the left) A fungus surrounding a root absorbs food from the plant and in turn this fungus provides water and minerals to the plant. This is a _________ relationship?
a. parasitic
b. commensalistic
c. predatorial
d. mutualistic
e. competitive
12. (See image above). A fungus growing together with a plant root in a way that benefits both is
a(n)_______
a. Lichen
b. Epiphyte
c. Mycorrhizae
d. Hemiparasite
e. Halophyte
13. Which group shares the most recent common ancestor with land plants?
a. Fungi
b. Cy ...
BRCC BIOL 121 FINAL SPRING 20151. E coli is a shortened name for.docxAASTHA76
BRCC BIOL 121 FINAL SPRING 2015
1. E coli is a shortened name for a bacterium that lives in our gut. According to the rules of binomial nomenclature it is properly written as _______________.
a. Escherichia COLI
b. Escherichia Coli
c. Escherichia coli
d. escherichia coli
e. escherichia coli
2. What does the term “biodiversity” refer to in the field of biology?
a. Total number of species on earth
b. Genetic variation that exists within populations all of the earth’s species
c. Total number of Earth’s ecosystems
d. All of the above are correct
3. Prokaryotic cells are classified in Domain(s) _______
a. Archaea
b. Bacteria
c. Eukarya
d. Archaea and Bacteria
e. Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya
4. (
4. The shape of this bacterium is __________ and the attachment filaments radiating out are called_________
a
. bacillus…………. flagella
b
. coccus……………cilia
c.
spirilla
…………..
pili
d
. bacillus………… pili
e
. vibrio…………….cilia
)
5. A certain bacterium can withstand heating, drying and toxic chemicals that would kill most other bacteria. This indicates that it is probably able to form a __________
a. Pseudopodia
b. Conjugation tube
c. Endospore
d. Flagellum
e. Endotoxins
(
6.What
ecological role is played by cyanobacteria ?
a. photosynthetic
producers that make sugar and pump oxygen into the atmosphere
b
. decomposers of dead leaves and dead animals
c. chemosynthetic
producers
d
pathogens of plants and animals
e. predators
of other bacteria
)
6.
7. The term phytoplankton applies to photosynthetic, microscopic floating organisms such as________
a. Protozoan ciliates and flagellates
b. Aquatic plants
c. Dinoflagellates, diatoms and some unicellular or colonial green algae
d. Macroalgae and seaweeds
e. Fungus like protists such as slime molds
8. Which of the following statements is false?
a. Most protists are aquatic.
b. Protists are eukaryotes.
c. Most protists are unicellular.
d. Protists have more complex cells than prokaryotes.
e. Photosynthetic protists are called protozoa.
9. (
9. Which of the following structures is used by amoebas to move and to eat?
a. microvilli
b. cilia
c. flagella
d. pseudopodia
e. tendrils
)
10. Into what kingdom do we place multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes that acquire food by absorption from the environment and have cell walls made of chitin?
a. Plantae
b. Animalia
c. Protista
d. Fungi
e. Proteobacteria
11. (
11.
(See image to the left)
A
fungus surrounding a root
absorbs food from the plant
and in turn this fungus
provides water and minerals to the plant. This is a _________ relationship?
a
. parasitic
b
.
commensalistic
c
.
predatorial
d
. mutualistic
e
. competitive
)
12. (See image above). A fungus growing together with a plant root in a way that benefits both is
a(n)_______
a. Lichen
b. Epiphyte
c. Mycorrhizae
d. Hemiparasite
e. Halophyte
13. Which group shares the most recent common ancestor with land plants?
a. Fungi
b. Cyanobacteria
c. Brown algae
d. Green a ...
Actividades sobre la unidad de taxonomía y clasificación de seres vivos (los 5 reinos) para alumnado de 1º ESO que cursan Biología y Geología, dentro del programa PILE/AICLE
Classification of living organisms - IGCSE - Biology - QuestionsMustafa Rashid
Credits:-
Mustafa Rashid, Aslan Ammar, Ali Essa, Shadi Kaddah, Wael M. Awad, Sami B. Tria, Ibrahim Akram, Ahmed Ali
http://www.freepik.com/free-vector/vectors_795232.htm
Grade 8-C
Biology
Al-Reeyada International School, Saudi Arabia - Hofuf
Google+ : https://goo.gl/gnbHnZ
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MustfaRashid
21- What are arbuscles- a- sexual structures of basidiomycetes b- sexu.pdf7n7shop
21. What are arbuscles? a. sexual structures of basidiomycetes b. sexual structures of
ascomycetes c. symbiotic structures found in many lichens d. parasitic structures e. none of the
above 22. In which group would you expect budding cells? a. Ascomycota b. Basidiomycota c.
Zygomycota d. Glomeromucata e. all of the above 23. What is one of the main differences
between mosses and ferns? a. In mosses, the gametophyte dominates. b. In mosses, the
sporophyte dominates. c. In ferns, the two generations remain fused together. d. Ferns have a
protonema stage. e. Moss sperms from the male gametophyte have to swim to the female
gametophyte. 24. What do conifers have? a. pollen, but no seeds b. embryos but no microspores
c. seeds but no fruits d. cones but no ovules e. none of the above 25. Which of the following is
not correct for mosses? a. They have an alternation of generations. b. They are vascular plants. c.
The gametophyte is the dominant generation. d. The gametophyte develops from a protonema. e.
Female gametophytes produce archegonia. 26. Anthers are found in which of the following
groups? a. monocots b. mosses c. ferns d. Svcadaphyta e. all of the above 27. Which of the
following groups have vascular tissue? a. monocots b. horsetails c. ferns d. Gveadaphyta e. all of
the above 28. Which of the following would you expect to find in an octopus? a. The mouth
forms after the blastopore develops into the anus. b. radial cleavage c. There is no mesoderm d.
determinate cleavage e. an incomplete digestive system 29. In which group would you expect to
find a medusa stage? a. Polychaeta b. Cnidaria c. centipedes d. Gastropoda e. tapeworms 30.
Which characters are shared by echinoderms and corals? a. no excretory system b. radial
symmetry c. no respiratory system d. no head e. all of the above 31. Most animals are a. both
triploblastic and with bilateral symmetry. b. both triploblastic and with radial symmetry. c. both
diploblastic and with radial symmetry. d. both diploblastic and with bilateral symmetry. e. none
of the above 32. Protostomes have both a. radial and spiral cleavage. b. determinate and spiral
cleavage. c. determinate and radial cleavage. d. indeterminate and spiral cleavage. e. triploblastic
and radial cleavage. 33. Which of the following would you not find in insects? a. Malpighian
tubules b. two pairs of antennae c. compound eyes d. a tracheal system e. an open circulatory
system 34. Spiders differ from insects by having a. segmentation b. an open circulatory system c.
an abdomen d. an exoskeleton e. book lungs 35. What is the gas exchange system in insects
called? a. Malpighian tubules b. book lungs c. external gills d. tracheal system e. complete
metamorphosis 36. Insects have the same number of antennae as a. spiders b. millipedes c.
centipedes d. crustaceans e. both b and c 37. Which arthropod groups have more legs than
insects? a. spiders b. crustaceans c. centipedes d. millipedes e. all of the above 38. In order to
become fully .
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Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Characteristics & classification of living organisms (multiple choice) 2 qp
1. 26 An organism has dry scales covering its body.
To which vertebrate group does it belong?
A amphibian
B fish
C mammal
D reptile
27 Which characteristic of living organisms can involve ingestion, absorption and assimilation?
A excretion
B growth
C nutrition
D respiration
28 Which system is used for naming species?
A binomial
B conservation
C dichotomous
D natural selection
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
2. 29 What is defined as the chemical reactions that break down food molecules in cells to release
energy?
A excretion
B movement
C nutrition
D respiration
30 The diagram shows a section through a flower.
petal
Using the key, identify this flower.
1 sepals present .............................................. go to 2
sepals absent ............................................... go to 3
2 stamens attached to petals .......................... A
stamens not attached to petals .................... B
3 stigma above anthers ................................... C
stigma below anthers ................................... D
31 Which process produces heat to maintain a person’s body temperature?
A excretion
B nutrition
C reproduction
D respiration
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
3. 32 Which shows an organism that has been named using the binomial system?
A Bacterium
B Flowering plant
C HIV
D Homo sapiens
33 The diagram shows a flowering plant.
Use the key to identify the plant.
flower has four petals
plant
leaves with
jagged edges
leaves with
smooth edges
B
A
flower has five petals
leaves with
jagged edges
leaves with
smooth edges
D
C
34 Which process removes the waste products of metabolism from the body?
A
B
excretion
nutrition
C
D
reproduction
respiration
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
4. 35 According to the binomial system, how should a human be named?
A
B
C
D
Homo Sapiens
Homo sapiens
homo Sapiens
homo sapiens
36 Which leaf comes from a monocotyledonous plant?
A B C D
37 The diagrams show four different animals. They are not drawn to the same scale.
W X
Y Z
Which are vertebrates?
A W and X B X and Y C Y and Z D W and Z
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
5. 38 The diagram shows half a flower.
The following key may be used to identify the plant on which the flower is growing.
1 petals separate from sepals ................................ go to 2
petals and sepals joined ...................................... plant P
2 flower with four stamens ...................................... plant Q
flower with more than four stamens ..................... go to 3
3 ovary as tall as wide ............................................ plant R
ovary taller than wide ........................................... go to 4
4 flower has two petals ........................................... plant S
flower has more than two petals .......................... plant T
To which plant does the flower belong?
A plant P B plant Q C plant R D plant T
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
6. 39 The diagram shows some organisms living in water.
plant
decomposers
animals
Which process is carried out by all the living organisms shown?
photosynthesis
A
B pollination
C respiration
D transpiration
40 The table lists some of the features of three groups of invertebrates – arthropods, annelids and
molluscs.
Which shows the correct features of each group?
arthropods annelids molluscs
A segmented body,
exoskeleton and jointed
limbs
segmented soft body, rarely
have legs
unsegmented soft body,
have internal or external
shell
B segmented body,
exoskeleton and jointed
limbs
segmented body,
exoskeleton and jointed
limbs
segmented soft body, rarely
have legs
C unsegmented soft body,
have internal or external
shell
segmented soft body, rarely
have legs
unsegmented soft body,
have internal or external
shell
D segmented soft body, rarely
have legs
unsegmented soft body,
have internal or external
shell
segmented body,
exoskeleton and jointed
limbs
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
7. 41 What are characteristics of all organisms?
A egestion and excretion
B egestion and nutrition
C excretion and nutrition
D excretion and photosynthesis
42 The table shows the classification of four vertebrate animals.
Which two organisms are most closely related?
A 1and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4
43 Living animals release carbon dioxide.
This is an example of which life process?
A excretion
B movement
C nutrition
D sensitivity
44 Which of these features is used to classify organisms as flowering plants?
A roots with hairs
B seeds within fruits
C single-celled spores
D underground stems
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
8. 45 The diagram shows a leaf.
Use the key to identify the leaf.
1 leaf with several small leaflets ……………………… go to 2
leaf with one large leaf blade………….……………. go to 3
2 leaflets broad and flat ……………………………….. A
leaflets narrow and hair-like ………………………… B
3 leaf with smooth edge ……………………………….. C
leaf with toothed edge ……………………………….. D
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
