Case Study ComparisonsHCS490 Version 76University of Phoe.docx

Case Study Comparisons
HCS/490 Version 7
6
University of Phoenix Material
Case Study Comparisons
Part 1
Complete the chart below that differentiates the following
insurance types.
Plan Type
Characteristics of Plan (5 to 7 characteristics)
Target Audience for Plan
Indemnity Plan
Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)
Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)
Consumer Directed Health Plan (CDHPs)
Medicaid

Medicare
Part 2
Review the insurance plans below and answer the questions that
follow the chart.
Services
Bronze
Silver
Gold
Monthly Cost
$163.00
$194.00
$245.00
Deductible
$6,000.00
$4,000.00
$1000.00
Primary Care
$35.00 co-pay for 3 visits, then 20% of co-insurance
$30.00 co-pay/provider/day
Specialist Visit
$70.00 co-pay for 3 visits, then 20% of co-insurance
Preventive Care/Screening/Immunization
No charge
No charge

No charge
Diagnostic Test (x-ray, blood work)
$35.00 co-pay or 20% of co-insurance if co-pay limit is
researched
Office visit co-pay or 20% of co-insurance
Office visit co-pay or 20% of co-insurance
Level 1 Prescription Drugs
$25 co-pay/30 day supply
$15.00 co-pay/30 supply
$15.00 co-pay/30 supply
Emergency Room Services
20% of co-insurance
$350.00 co-pay/facility/day
$250.00 co-pay/facility/day
Emergency Medical Transportation
20% of co-insurance
20% of co-insurance
20% of co-insurance
Urgent Care
$75 co-pay
Hospital Stay (Facility fee, physician/surgeon fee)
20% of co-insurance
20% of co-insurance
20% of co-insurance
1. Compare the plans in the chart in the space provided below--
feel free to expand the space if you need to.
· What are the major differences of the three plans?
· What are the major similarities of the three plans?
· If you needed to choose, what would be the major advantages
and disadvantages of each plan, in relation to your needs?

2. Answer the questions below regarding the two consumers and
refer to the Gold, Bronze, or Silver plans listed above.
Consumer A – Betsy
Betsy has type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. She visits
the doctor often to keep her diabetes and blood pressure
controlled. The doctor regularly checks her blood glucose
(sugar) levels and prescribes level 1 drugs (see chart) to help
Betsy control her diabetes and blood pressure.
Compare the plans in the chart and determine the best plan for
Betsy. Remember to consider deductibles and general costs for
the services she would be using. Use the space provided-- feel
free to expand it if necessary.
Betsy is able to control her diabetes, but still uses her insurance

plan frequently. For several years, she was careful to follow the
proper diet and exercise plans. However, after suffering a
broken leg and being inactive, she gained weight and has not
been diligent about controlling her diabetes. She has found that
she needs emergency room services and urgent care more often
than she did previously.
Please answer the questions that follow, in the spaces provided-
-- feel free to expand them if necessary.
1. If Betsy was considering changing her insurance plan, which
plan should she consider? Why?
2. How does the plan she should consider in this scenario
compare to the plan choice from the first question?

Consumer B – Zach
Zach is a healthy 30 year old who rarely goes to the doctor and
is not on any medication. He is evaluating the three insurance
plans in the chart. He is considering selecting one of the plans
for common ailments (i.e., colds) and for preventive tests.
Compare the plans and determine the best plan for Zach. Use
the space provided-- feel free to expand it if necessary.
Zach recently started a new job as a construction worker. He is
considering a change in his health insurance plan. He is aware
that this new job may have more hazards than the previous job.
Please answer the following questions in the spaces provided---
feel free to expand them if necessary.
1. Which plan should Zach consider? Why?
2. How does the plan he should consider in this scenario
compare to the plan choice from the first question? Remember
to consider deductibles and general costs for the services he

would be using.
Running head: WORLD VIEW CHART
1
WORLD VIEW CHART 2
WORLD VIEW CHART
Religion
Cosmogony - Origin of the Universe
Nature of God/Creator
View of Human Nature
View of Good and Evil
View of “Salvation”
View of After Life
Practices and Rituals
Celebrations and Festivals
Week 1
Indigenous Peoples
Most indigenous peoples have creation stories where they
believe the Creator or Great Father in the Sky made the earth,
the animals and all humans, e.g., the union of Sky Father and
Earth Mother. Fisher, 2014, p. 36
Indigenous religions are typically polytheistic and pantheistic,
involving a belief that the divine is manifested throughout the

physical realm, often involving a supreme god, e.g., Great
Spirit. They believe the dark gods of the spirit world are the
ones to be afraid of or to placate. Indigenous peoples believe in
the importance of maintaining a right relationship with the
creator god and the numerous gods governing natural
phenomena and forces. Fisher, 2014, p. 40
Indigenous peoples consider themselves connected to all forms
of life due to their pantheistic world view. They acknowledge a
Circle of Right Relationships, requiring them to respectively
cultivate and maintain order among all forms of life and the
natural order. Humans are seen as capable of good or bad and
under the influence of curses, vows, incantations, or evil spirits.
In this sense, they may be animistic. Many have a special
shaman or witch doctor who is supposed to help them connect to
the spirit world. Fisher, 2014, pp. 34-36, 39 – 52.
Indigenous peoples recognize that both benevolent and
malevolent forces exist in the spiritual realm. These forces can
have an impact upon individuals, circumstance and events in the
physical world.
Good and evil are seen as forces that compete for dominance in
a person and in the world. Sometimes there is an ethnocentric
idea that ‘our’ group is the good one and all outsiders are ‘bad’.
This idea can lead to wars and conflicts. Fisher, 2014, pp. 41,
44 – 46, 51 - 52
The idea of the path or the way or a life way is their main idea
of salvation. It is the path to the good. This idea is closely
aligned with a responsibility for nature and this world,
connected with the idea of the Circle of Right Relationships and
the holistic connection among all things in the natural world.
Oneness with nature is for some seen as a goal of life. Others
see ‘salvation’ as surviving and not being defeated by the dark
spirits, thus having a long life. Fisher, 2014, pp. 39 – 48
Many indigenous peoples acknowledge a spiritual existence in
the afterlife, evidenced by rituals and practices surrounding
ancestor veneration. Some groups have a notion of an afterlife,
but others do not. For example, some Native American groups

believe in a “Happy Hunting Ground’ or that one goes to be
with the ancestors and/or the Great Spirit. Many indigenous
peoples are terrified of death and use their rituals to ward it off.
Fisher, 2014, pp.40 – 41, 53 - 55
Varies by country or group. Some have animal sacrifices or
smoke various substances in a ritualistic manner. Practices and
rituals may include a Sweat Lodge ceremony or a Vision Quest
among some Native Americans. Dance is often used to express
stories and tales of the tribe or group or the gods. Body
decoration, paint, garments and drums are often used in the
ritual dances. To placate the spirits, they may also cut
themselves or in some cases engage in cannibalism or
headhunting. An example: the Sawi people of New Guinea make
peace with an enemy by swapping infants between the tribes.
As long as the children live there will be peace between the two
tribes. One family per tribe agrees to take in the other child and
give up their own. Fisher, 2014, pp. 55 - 60
Varies by country or group. Some have celebrations tied to the
seasons of the year. Others have celebrations of victory in war
or at weddings. The birth of children is often a time of great
celebration. Death is universally observed in various ways
depending on the culture and local beliefs. The finding of good
prey when hunting would be a cause for celebration as well.
Some Indigenous peoples celebrate a first fruits or harvest
festival. Fisher, 2014, pp. 55 – 59.
Week 1
Sources
Fisher, M.P. (2014) Living Religions Pearson: Upper Saddle
River, NJ
text -www.godonthe.net/evidence/atribute.htm
text
text
text - www.britannica.com/.../indigenous-religion
Text
text

Text
Week 6
Judaism
ll Orthodox Jews believe fully in creation, denying or even not
recognizing the theory of evolution. The ultra-orthodox believe
that the Torah is above science. One of the core Judaism beliefs,
mentioned in the beginning of the Torah, is the belief of
creation. They like Christian believe that god create exnihilo
and in a period of six days and rested on the seventh day
Jews believe that God exists and that here is only one god who
is unique. They also believe that god is incomparable and
eternal.
They also believe that the prayers are directed to god alone. The
name of their god is YHWH.
Major to Jewish convictions about people is that they are made
in the image of God. This does not imply that individuals look
like God, for God is ethereal. The general rabbinical
understanding of this idea is that people can reason At the point
when Genesis 2:7 says "God formed man," it utilizes the
Hebrew word vayyitzer ("framed"). The Talmud discovers
exceptional significance in the one of a kind spelling of the
word in this specific situation, with two yods rather than one.
The two yods, the rabbis clarify, remain for the two driving
forces found in people: the yetzer tov and the yetzer ra.
The Jews explanation of suffering in this world is that what the
righteous undergo is punishment for every small sin they may
have committed so that they will enjoy their full reward in
paradise, while the wicked are rewarded in this world for any
small amount of good they have to their credit so that in the
world to come they will reap the full measure of the punishment
they deserve
The Jews trust that individuals should do as well as can be
expected at being great. We do this since it is the correct thing
to do—any individual pick up is a symptom. Truth be told,
focusing on issues of reward and discipline to some degree

mitigates the great one is doing by spoiling it with narrow
minded motives. They likewise trust that God anticipates that
you will do the best you have with what you have—including
childhood, natural capacities, and the circumstances you end up
in—and you have the ability to immaculate yourself
Jewish sacrosanct texts and writing belives that death is not an
end of life, but a beginning of a new and better life. Even
though the family will mourn and cry on the death of their loved
one, they will take comfort of the fact that the soul (Neshama)
of their loved one is now in a better and brighter place
One of the rituals the Jews observe is circumcision at birth. At
the primary Sabbath after the introduction of a tyke, the glad
father is called forward in the synagogue to discuss favors for
mother and youngster. Eight days after birth, infant young men
are circumcised.
Major Jewish occasions incorporate Passover, Rosh Hashanah
and Yom Kippur. Hanukkah, verifiably a minor occasion, has
turned out to be more conspicuous in the most recent century
for Jews who live in zones that observe Christmas. The Sabbath,
a day of rest and love at the synagogue, is watched every
Saturday. In Judaism, all days start at nightfall, so all occasions
start at dusk and end at twilight.
Wk 6 sources
Batnitzky, L. F. (2011). How Judaism became a religion: An
introduction to modern Jewish thought. Princeton, N.J:
Princeton University Press
Living Religions
Tenth Edition
Mary Pat Fisher
Robin Rinehart
Chapter 8
Gen 33;1

Week 7
Christianity
In Christianity, they believe that human beings and everything
were created in six days by their creator. The being three in one
did the creation by word of mouth. He said let there be ….and
out of this everything was. The only difference comes in when
he creates man. They believe he created man from dust in his
own image and breathed into his nostril. He then gave man
dominion over all the creatures of the world.
In Christianity they believe in a trine god. They believe that
there are three co-eternal and co existing beings that reside in
heaven. They have god the father, god the son and god the holy
spiriting Christianity they believe that all this three for the god
head and that they are all powerful, all knowing, omnipresent
and omnipotent.
In Christianity they believe that human beings are the most
superior of all creation. They believe they were given the ability
to make choices by god and that they are allowed to take care of
all the other creations. Human beings also believe that they
were created in a different way from the other creators and that
they have a way of communicating by God. They believe that
they were sent out of the garden of god for sinning and if they
keep the commandment of god they will get back to the garden.
Christians believe in both the good and bad spirits. They believe
that god gives people the holy spirit when asked for earnestly
and that the spirit guides them into doing the right things. They
also believe that the devil fights their faith and allows the evil
spirit to take charge of their lives. they believe they are in a
warfare with the forces of the dark and must always pray to
overcome this evil spirits.
Christians believe that they went against the commandments of
god and that immediately god Laid a plan for salvation for
them. They believe that god sent his son Jesus to come and stay
with them that whoever believes in him may have a life after
death. They also believe that salvation is earned through

keeping the commandment that were given to a prophet Moses ,
The Christian trust in life after death relies on faith in the
restoration of Jesus Christ. Death does not have the last word
over human fate God does. Jesus vanquished demise, thus
passing does not at last separate us from God. Jesus was raised
from death to another life, an endless life given by God. The
Christian trust is that as God raised Jesus Christ from death, so
God will raise us from death to an unceasing existence with
him.
All the Christian must undergo baptism so as to be accepted in
the community of believers. The Christian also believe that god
wanted them to rest and therefore always have a single day of
rest.
Christian celebrate Christmas on the 25th of December every
year to commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ. They also
conduct the holy communion as a way of remembering the last
supper that Jesus took. It’s a sign of strengthening their faith.
Wk 7 sources
Geddes, G., & Griffiths, J. (2002). Christian belief and practice:
The Roman Catholic tradition. Oxford: Heinemann.
John1;1
Gen chapter 1
Ecclesiastes 9
Living Religions
Tenth Edition
Mary Pat Fisher
Robin Rinehart
Chapter 9
Week 8
Islam
Islam teaches that God created the universe, including Earth's
physical environment and human beings. The highest goal is to

visualize the cosmos as a book of symbols for meditation and
contemplation for spiritual upliftment or as a prison from which
the human soul must escape to attain true freedom in the
spiritual journey to God
Islam’s believe in one single god who do not have a son and a
partner.It’s the most important belief in their faith. The name of
the God is Allah. Allah communicates to the people through the
Quran and also through prophets. The greatest prophet is
Mohamed but they believe he is not god.
As indicated by the Quran, Allah "made man from a coagulation
of blood" in the same way he made the jinn from flame. People
are the best of all creations; he was given a freedom of choice.
He was created with the free will majorly to serve god and obey
him.
Islam’s trust in two sorts of evil, natural and human evil.
Natural wickedness is accepted to endure brought about by
occasions that have nothing to do with people, and which are to
do with the way the world is, eg, catastrophic events, for
example, volcanic ejections, surges or seismic tremors while
moral fiendishness is good (or human) insidious - enduring
created by people acting in a way that is considered ethically
wrong eg, harassing, kill, assault, burglary or terrorism.Human
malevolent and regular insidiousness can frequently cooperate,
with human malice exacerbating characteristic shrewdness – or
better! For instance, the torment brought about by a seismic
tremor or surges can be exacerbated by individuals plundering,
yet it can be made more tolerable.
For a Muslim, the question of life is to live in a way that is
satisfying to Allah with the goal that one may pick up Paradise.
It is trusted that at adolescence, a record of every individual's
deeds is opened, and this will be utilized at the Day of
Judgment to decide his everlasting destiny
Like Christianity, Islam educates the proceeded with presence
of the spirit and a changed physical presence after death. There
will be a day of judgment and mankind will be isolated between
the unceasing goals of Paradise and Hell.

Muslims believe in various practices that compose their faith.
They believe that one should not die before visiting Mecca
hence they make pilgrimage to mecca{hajj}. They also conduct
a one month long fast to remember when the Quran was given.
They also practice alm tax or zakat prayers
Eid al-Adha, or the Feast of Sacrifice, celebrates the prophet
Abraham's eagerness to obey Allah by giving up his child
Ishmael.at the end of the ramathan they celebrate Eid al-
Fitr.During this period individuals dress in their finest
garments, embellish their homes with lights and adornments,
offer treats to kids, and appreciate visits with companions and
family. They also celebrate Mawlid al-Nabi This occasion
praises the birthday of Muhammad, the originator of Islam. It is
settled as the twelfth day of the time of Rabi I in the Islamic
logbook. Mawlid implies birthday of a heavenly figure and al-
Nabi implies prophet.
Wk 8 sources
Marshall Cavendish Reference (Firm). (2010). Islamic beliefs,
practices, and cultures. Tarrytown, N.Y: Marshall Cavendish
Reference.
Quran, 112:1-4
Qur'an 3:31
Surah 2:38
Living Religions
Tenth Edition
Mary Pat Fisher
Robin Rinehart
Chapter 10
Week 9
Sikhism
Sikhism discloses to us that this Earth has been continuing for
billions of years. God made the whole Universe including the
Earth and the Earth has been advancing since. Guru Granth

Sahib Ji additionally reveals to us this is by all account not the
only time God has made the Universe; He has done it many
circumstances again and again
Sikhism perceives God as the just a single. He who is the
Creator of the Universe, brave, not subject to time or space, and
does not take birth or bite the dust. Sikhism obviously expresses
that God does NOT take birth as a human. Besides, Sikhism
does not perceive whatever other divine beings, goddesses and
gods aside from the One Supreme Being
Sikhism considers every human race equivalent, they pay little
respect to position, shading, class, culture, sexual orientation,
riches, and religion. In the fourteenth century, the Hindu station
framework was at its crest in India. Numerous Hindu clerics
(Brahmins) trusted in the position framework and propagated it
however much as could reasonably be expected by isolating
people of lower ranks and marking them as untouchables.
Individuals in India, who viewed themselves as of a high-class
society wouldn't touch a man who they considered as being a
piece of any lower position.
Sikhism believe that evil is brought about by evil. They trust
that giving into any egotistical longings you may have will just
wind up making the adventure longer. Avarice, self-
centeredness, and liberality are altogether viewed as malevolent
things by Sikhs. To them you can in any case compensate for
past activities and in the event that you are conceived as a poor
hobo, you can at present enhance yourself as a man, and keep
working towards the everlasting objective.
Salvation must be achieved by reflection of God. Much the
same as you cherish your loved one and keep them in your
psyche, we ought to love God. Sikhism underlines that ordinary
family life is no hindrance to salvation. That it is conceivable to
live separated amidst common ills and allurements
Sikhism has a confidence in resurrection. Paradise and hellfire
do exist. Your great deeds will be compensated in paradise and
terrible deed will be rebuffed in hellfire, you will take birth
over and over until you accomplish salvation by getting to be

distinctly One with God
The Sikh religion rejects all rituals, superstitions and routine
practices like fasting and pilgrimage, animal sacrifice, omens
and austerities. The only thing that they do is baptism. Knows
as Amrit, Baptism is a sacrosanct and critical piece of Sikh life.
A Baptized Sikh carries on with the way of life as depicted
above and stays concentrated on its approach to be One with
God
A Sikh is to engage in a daily practice of meditation by reciting
and chanting of God’s Name. Sikhism instructs that Salvation
can only be attained by meditating on One God. Daily recitation
also keeps Sikhs focused in life.
Wk 9 sources
Mann, G. S. (2004). Sikhism. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice
Hall.
Guru Granth Sahib Ji, 349
Guru Granth Sahib Ji, 580)
Living Religions
Tenth Edition
Mary Pat Fisher
Robin Rinehart
Chapter 11
Week 10
New Religious Movements

Wk 10 sources
Running Head: REL212 WORLD VIEW CHART
1
REL212 WORLD VIEW CHART
11
REL 212 WORLD VIEW CHART
World Religion
Religion
Cosmogony - Origin of the Universe
Nature of God/Creator
View of Human Nature
View of Good and Evil
View of “Salvation”
View of After Life
Practices and Rituals
Celebrations and Festivals

Week 2
Hinduism and Jainism
The Hindus believe that the Universe was created by Brahman,
preserved by Vishnu and was destroyed for the following
creation by the Shiva. Brahman was usually depicted to be
sitting on a lotus flower arising from the navel of Vishnu.
Vishnu was resting on the Ananta (Shesha), the cosmic serpent.
They believe that Brahma lifted up his arms to calm the ocean
and the wind and then split the lotus flower into three from
which one part was stretched into heavens. He then made
another part into the earth, and the third part of the flower
created the skies (Pattanaik, 2003).The earth was bare. Brahma
created the grass, flowers, trees and all kinds of plants. He then
created the insects and animals to live on the land. He created
the birds and fish and gave them a sense of smell and touch.
Hindus believe in one true god, Brahma, but he possessed many
forms. They believe in one God, the supreme Spirit (Brahma).
He pervades the whole universe. The religion believes that he is
symbolized by the sacred syllable Aum or Om. Hindus believe
that Brahma is present in every individual as the eternal soul or
spirit is known as atman. Brahma contains everything; male and
female, creation and destruction, stillness and evil, and good
and evil (Pattanaik, 2003). The three aspects of the Brahma
include Brahma the creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the
destroyer.
According to the Hindus, the human beings, just like all other
animals and the inanimate things, are an extension – of the
Brahma, the supreme being. While existence continues from
him, that production is neither free nor independent but is
subject to the supreme law of karma. This is the cyclical

process of birth to death to rebirth that keeps the humans in
search of eternal life (St. Zieba, 2004).
According to Hindu scripture, divinity or good is represented by
light, purity (sattva), immortality, order, balance, virtue, and
selflessness. Evil, on the other hand, is represented by darkness,
impurity (tamas), extremity or imbalance, sinful conducts,
selfishness or chaos. They believe that good leads to peace,
liberation, and happiness while evil leads to suffering or even
downfall into darker worlds. Hinduism does not, however,
recognize sin as willful personal rebellion against god or
against his moral law. Evil results when one commits acts of
wrongdoings against the nature and their fellow humans because
of their karma. They believe that there is no sin against the holy
God. The acts of wrongdoings are not committed against any
God but are due to ignorance. Evil is not seen as a crime against
Good but as an act against Karma - the moral order and an act
of one's self (Walker, 1968).
In Hinduism, salvation is the Atmans' (individual's soul),
liberation from Samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth and the
attainment of the highest spiritual state. It is the ultimate goal
of Hinduism, where even hell and heaven are temporary. This is
called moksha. Moksha is a last release from the worldly
conception of oneself. Salvation is regarded as one of the most
critical parts of the religious rituals and belief systems of the
Hindus. The nature of the human problem according to
Hinduism is suffering (Walker, 1968). Brahman is the universal
substrate and a divine ground for all the human beings. He is a
source of all phenomenal existence through the practice of
Yoga. The problem can be overcome by practicing selfless work
(Karma Yoga), self-disoolviing love (Bhakti Yoga), of
knowledge and absolute discernment.
Hinduism has very distinct teachings about life after death.
They believe in reincarnation. This is the belief that the atman
soul of a person passes on to a new body and life after death.

The new life will depend on how the person lived his/her
previous life (Pattanaik, 2003).They believe in karma which
entails the bad and good actions taken by someone. With good
karma, a better rebirth is experienced. Since all living creatures
are a component of the reincarnation process, the Hindus
believe that it is possible for one to be reborn as an animal,
plant or insect. Humans are regarded as the highest life forms,
but the Hindus ultimate goal is to break the reincarnation cycle
that they are in and achieve the Moksha. Whenever atman is
freed from the cycle, it is believed that the individual returns to
be with the Brahma.
Hindus believe in karma which is the law of cause and effect
through which every person develops his destiny by his actions,
words, and thoughts. Devout Hindus normally practice daily
rituals like worshiping at dawn immediately after bathing,
reciting from the religious scripts, yoga, meditation, singing
devotional hymns, and chanting mantras. Some of the practices
of Hinduism includes occasional pilgrimages, annual festivals,
family oriented rites of passage, meditations and recitations
(Walker, 1968).
Some of the Hindu festivals include Diwali (the festival of
light), and the Navaratri (celebration of fertility and harvest).
Another festival is the Raksha Bandhan that is done to celebrate
the bond between a brother and a sister. Lastly, the Hindus also
celebrate Holi, which is known as the festival of colors
(Pattanaik, 2003).The fourth day of Diwali is considered as the
new year of the Hindus. Diwali is held in honor of Lakshmi, the
Hindu goddess of prosperity and wealth. Diwali signifies the
victory of good over evil as well as light over dark.
Wk 2 sources
Pattanaik, Devdutt (2003). Indian mythology: tales, symbols,

and rituals from the heart of the Subcontinent. Inner Traditions
/ Bear & Company.
/ Bear & Company.
St. Ziêba, M. (2004). How does Hinduism view human nature?
Retrieved January 23, 2017, from
http://en.allexperts.com/q/Philosophy-1361/Hinduism.html
Walker, Benjamin (1968). Hindu World: An Encyclopedic
Survey of Hinduism. London: Allen & Unwin.
/ Bear & Company.
/ Bear & Company.
Week 3
Buddhism
Buddhism does not a creator god to explain the origin of the
universe. It instead teaches that all things depend on everything
else. They believe that present events are caused by past events
and thus become the cause of future events. Buddhism do not
believe that the world was created, but it simply existed forever
and is continuing to recreate itself.
Buddhists do not believe in a single god. They believe that there
is no evidence to support a solitary being controlling the
universe. Buddhists believe in a collective humanity where
every individual is capable of becoming a Buddha that means a
perfect human being.
According to the Buddha’s view, human existence is a
combination of five aggregates (khandas); physical forms
(rupa), sensations or feelings (Vedana), ideations (sanna),

mental dispositions or formations (Sankhara) and consciousness
(Vinnana). The khandas combine during birth to create a human
being. A human being is an actual subject of karmic
accumulation and moral action but not having an unchanging or
enduring soul.
In Buddhism, good and evil are seen as irrational but not
absolute. This is understood based on the actual impact they
have on our lives and those of others rather than on abstract
rules of conduct. Evil actions are based on selfishness, the
misunderstanding that our lives are disconnected from those of
others. Good is what generates a connection between ourselves
and other people, restoring and healing the bonds within the
societies. Good is recognized with fundamental natural of
enlightenment, absolute happiness or freedom that results from
profound knowledge. Evil is a fundamental darkness that causes
suffering for oneself and others.
There is no clear doctrine of salvation in the Buddha teachings.
In the early Buddhism, salvation was Nirvana, the extinguishing
of the all the karma which constitutes the self.
All the life is in a cycle of death and rebirth known as Samsara.
When one dies, their energy transitions into another form. They
believe that one's status afterlife is a punishment or reward for
their behavior during life. They believe that life does not end
but changes into another form due to accumulated karma. Death
is not feared because it leads to rebirth.
Buddhism has various rituals and practices that are intended to
help in enlightenment and bring blessings to others and oneself.
They practice meditation as a way to liberation in Theravada.
Other rituals and practices include monastic life and funeral
services, as well as lifecycle events.
The most essential days of the month for Buddhists are the days
when there is a new moon or full moon. Buddha Day is the main
festival of the year celebrated by Buddhists. There is the
celebration of the buddha’s birth, enlightenment and death. The
festival is normally a celebration of many colours. The Magha

Puja Day is another important Buddhist festival. It is done in
honor of the Buddhist community or Sangha.
Wk 3 sources
Ajahn Sucitto (2010), Turning the Wheel of Truth: Commentary
on the Buddha's First Teaching, Shambhala
Bodhi, B. (2000), The Connected Discourses of the Buddha. A
Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya, Wisdom Publications
Bronkhorst, J. (2007), Greater Magadha, Studies the Culture of
Early India. Series: Handbook of Oriental Studies, Section 2
South Asia Series, Brill Academic Publishers Inc
Choong, Mun-keat (2000), The Fundamental Teachings of Early
Buddhism: A Comparative Study Based on the Sutranga Portion
of the Pali Samyutta-Nikaya and the Chinese Samyuktagama,
Otto Harrassowitz Verlag
Bodhi, B. (2000), The Connected Discourses of the Buddha. A
Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya, Wisdom Publications
Bronkhorst, J. (2007), Greater Magadha, Studies the Culture of
Early India. Series: Handbook of Oriental Studies, Section 2
South Asia Series, Brill Academic Publishers Inc
Week 4
Daoism and
Confucianism
Taoism teaches that power exists in the universe.
The universe was created by the Tao Force. Dao is a natural
force that makes the universe the way it is.
They do not have a god but rather has a force known as the Tao-
The Great Ultimate (Frederick, 1971).Tao was responsible for
the creation, and this force is flowing through all life initiating
change and betterment.

Humans can deviate from their creative rhythms of the universe,
Tao, the Way. Daoism focuses on the way of humans as well as
immorality. Confucianism focuses on the practice of virtue i.e.
setting good examples for others to follow. Confucianism is
centered on humanism, the world around us as well as the
people living around us. Some emphasis is also put on honesty
and relationship.
According to Daoism, the universe is neither good nor evil.
They believe that it is beyond that. The secret of living a
harmonious or good life is via inactivity. Wuwei is one of the
key concepts of Daoism which means accomplishing tasks with
no aggression or assertion (Frederick, 1971). Active attempts in
conquering the nature or improving the society are merely futile
and can only make things worse. Therefore, Daoism is against
such things as participation in social and political institutions,
rituals and educations as they draw people from peace and
harmony generated from inactivity.
The belief of salvation is beyond human comprehension.
Humans are expected to behave and live in a way that enhances
idea social relations instead of acting on the expectations of
reward or punishment after death. A meaningful life is where
one develops the innate moral potential to the highest while
accomplishing all one's social responsibilities. One cannot live
completely in the present without being wholly responsible for
the past
In Taoism, death is neither feared nor desired but instead, one
should enjoy living. Death is illustrated from the Chuang-Tzu.
Death and life are each other's companion and therefore should
not be feared. A person is eternal in their life (Tu, 1985).
They perform funeral rites or periodic rites on behalf of the
ancestors. They honor the dead. They also perform rites on
behalf of the community such installing the ritual space, rites of

fasting, rites of communion or offering and rites to disperse the
ritual space.
They normally go around singing, praising, dancing, and eating
sacred food. Daoists celebrates many deities every month. Quite
a number of Confucian holidays are derived from other
religions. They celebrate the Chinese New year and the Ghost
Festival among many others (Tu, 1985). Some of the unique
celebrations of Confucians are the Ching Ming and the
Confucius’s Birthday.
Wk 4 sources
Frederick F. Mote (1971) Intellectual Foundations of China.
New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Tu Weiming (1985) The Continuity of Being: Chinese Visions
of Nature- Confucian Thought: Selfhood as Creative
Transformation. Albany, N.Y.: the State University of New
York Press
York Press
York Press
Week 5

Shinto
They believe that the universe was created for them by their
gods
They believe that Kami is the same as their God. Kami exists
everywhere and answers prayers of the faithful.
Believe that humans are part of the natural realm and sacred.
Good and evil is based on purity. Believes that humans were
born pure. Sin and pollution make one impure.
The concept of salvation is based on a belief that all living
things have a soul, spirit or an essence called kami. Therefore
kami should be respected and honored. One is regarded as saved
if they honor kami.
Shinto believes that human spirits remain forever after death
just like the spirit of kami.
Acknowledging various sacred places like mountains, springs,
etc., believers respect animals as God's messengers; one goes
through a Tori when entering a shrine. Believers wash their
bodies in a river near the shrine. Other practices includes Harae,
Misogi, Imi, Kagura, omairi, etc
Taisai is the main festival involving shrine and the
surroundings. They dance and celebrate in the streets with the
rest of the community.
Wk 5 sources
Breen, J. & Mark T. eds. (2000). Shintō in History: Ways of the
Kami. Honolulu, Hi: Hawaii University Press.
Josephson, J. (2012). The Invention of Religion in Japan.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Havens, N. (2006). "Shinto". In Paul L. Swanson & Clark
Chilson, (eds.). Nanzan Guide to Japanese Religions. Honolulu,
HI: University of Hawaii Press.
Herbert, J. (1967). Shinto The Fountainhead of Japan. New
York: Stein and Day

Grading form for Week 3 assignment:
Case Study Comparison
Content and Organization 70%
Percent
Earned:
Comments:
Percent available
Percent earned
Use the attached Case Study Comparison Worksheet to complete
the assignment. Use the APA title page as the cover page for
your document. References are optional-- If you consult any
references, include an APA reference page at the end of the
document.
Follow the directions in the worksheet.

Your completed assignment addresses the following:
Worksheet PART 1 is a minimum of 300 words
10
Worksheet PART 2 is a minimum of 700 words
10
Differentiate among the different types of insurance
10
Compare the plans presented
10
Address the prompts using Consumer A and B scenarios
20
The completed document covers all elements of the assignment
in a substantive way. It states major points clearly and
discusses them in adequate detail. The content is
comprehensive, accurate, and persuasive; you have provided
sound reasoning and rationales to support your points. Your
paper also supports your points with examples and/or analysis.
The document is organized in a logical way.
10

Readability and Style 15%
Percent
Earned:
Comments
Percent available
Percent earned
You have the option to use bullet points. Paragraph transitions
are present and logical and maintain the flow throughout the
document.
5
Tone is appropriate for the audience, content, and assignment.
Tone is consistent with a formal academic paper or
presentation. Write from the third person perspective only.
Do not use slang, colloquialisms, casual language, or jargon in
academic papers---use formal, precise language that is
appropriate for an academic paper. Also, do not use
contractions.
5
You have the option of using bullet points or sentences-- they
are strong, varied, and properly constructed. Sentence
transitions are present and logical, and maintain the flow of

thought.
5
Mechanics 15%
Percent
Earned:
Comments
%
Percent available
Percent earned
The document has a title page and is in correct APA 6th edition
style.
8
The document is generally in correct APA style. Any tables,
charts, graphics and appendices follow correct APA style.
1
The paper makes proper and effective use of headings, font
styles, and white space, as appropriate or necessary.
1
The paper uses correct:

· grammar
1
· word usage
1
· punctuation
1
· capitalization
1
· spelling
1
Total 100%
Percent Earned
Comments:
Points Possible: 10
Percent Earned x
Points Possible
Points earned:

Case Study ComparisonsHCS490 Version 76University of Phoe.docx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Case Study ComparisonsHCS490 Version 76University of Phoe.docx

Similar to Case Study ComparisonsHCS490 Version 76University of Phoe.docx (15)

More from wendolynhalbert

More from wendolynhalbert (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Case Study ComparisonsHCS490 Version 76University of Phoe.docx