Faith in God and resilience were major factors in helping victims recover from the traumatic 2005 earthquake in Pakistan and Kashmir. Religious faith strengthened resilience and promoted recovery from post-traumatic stress disorders. The document recommends partnering with media to promote resilience and developing psychotherapeutic techniques to enhance natural resilience in psycho-trauma victims. Faith and hope were significant resilience factors that helped Ethiopian famine survivors cope with trauma.
2nd Binational Conference, Nov. 15-16
UTSA Downtown Campus
by Maria Vidal del Haymes Ph.D., Professor, Loyola University, Chicago School of Social Work, Director of Institute of Migration and Global Studies in Practice in Social Work; Graciela Polanco, Ph.D., Professor, Universidad Iberoamericano, Mexico City; and Siobhan O'Donoghue, MSW, MDiv, DePaul University
We will have a PTSD Workshop on Saturday August 27, 2011. Join us to learn how to cope with this if you are a caregiver, or want to find others to learn about local resources.
2nd Binational Conference, Nov. 15-16
UTSA Downtown Campus
by Maria Vidal del Haymes Ph.D., Professor, Loyola University, Chicago School of Social Work, Director of Institute of Migration and Global Studies in Practice in Social Work; Graciela Polanco, Ph.D., Professor, Universidad Iberoamericano, Mexico City; and Siobhan O'Donoghue, MSW, MDiv, DePaul University
We will have a PTSD Workshop on Saturday August 27, 2011. Join us to learn how to cope with this if you are a caregiver, or want to find others to learn about local resources.
Slide presentation by Dr Kamal Abu-Shamsieh.
This slide presentation is from the live Interfaith Dialogue 2020 organized by Kasih Hospice Foundation. Every year Kasih Hospice hosts its Interfaith Dialogue in December, with a focus on spiritual issues surrounding End of Life Care. You can learn more about this at https://www.facebook.com/Kasih.Interfaith.
The video recording from the live Interfaith Dialogue 2020 is available at these social media platforms:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmGUSySeDXY
https://www.facebook.com/1651153065/videos/10222678279939589/
https://twitter.com/HospiceKasih/status/1335034116228562945?s=20
https://www.pscp.tv/w/cpmJBzFEWkVvT1ZyZ3FHRWF8MU1uR25sQUxOcWV4T6D6hlx_7c8m4PNMe5JH_NWh0fhgXs-Wq8BnL6cs7LbT
Dr Tim Harlow, Hospiscare Consultant
Spiritual causes of physical pain, presented at the Holy Living, Holy Dying conference held in Exeter on 2 November 2009
No one’s been more influential than John Weeks in advocating for integrative health and health creation as the standard of care. View (and share!) this stunning 68-page eBook and discover what John’s colleagues—the leading lights of integrative health and medicine—have to say about his incalculable contributions to the field.
Slide presentation by Rev Fr Dr Clarence Devadass.
This slide presentation is from the live Interfaith Dialogue 2020 organized by Kasih Hospice Foundation. Every year Kasih Hospice hosts its Interfaith Dialogue in December, with a focus on spiritual issues surrounding End of Life Care. You can learn more about this at https://www.facebook.com/Kasih.Interfaith.
The video recording from the live Interfaith Dialogue 2020 is available at these social media platforms:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmGUSySeDXY
https://www.facebook.com/1651153065/videos/10222678279939589/
https://twitter.com/HospiceKasih/status/1335034116228562945?s=20
https://www.pscp.tv/w/cpmJBzFEWkVvT1ZyZ3FHRWF8MU1uR25sQUxOcWV4T6D6hlx_7c8m4PNMe5JH_NWh0fhgXs-Wq8BnL6cs7LbT
Role of religious communication during pandemic covid-19anshula garg
Religion and culture are essential elements of humanity, and it is through communication, that these elements of humanity are mediated.
Whether exploring these terms in health, interpersonal, intercultural, intergroup, mass, or other communication contexts, it is evident that understanding the intersection(s) among religion, culture, and communication offers vast opportunities for researchers and practitioners.
Environmental design in support of trauma recoverykarenatskw
The current paper presents the concepts behind the design of a homelike facility on a secluded campus for long-term
residential care for exploited adolescents, specifically females ages 11-17, who have been victims of commercial sexual
exploitation. The treatment model is innovative in that it is a long-term treatment and housing solution with no pre-defined
maximum length of stay. Integral to the model is the assumption that the built environment has direct and indirect effects
on mental health.(1) This paper presents the research behind the design thinking and specific design elements to create
a homelike environment. Research indicates the positive effects of a familiar homelike environment. to be: support of a
healthy, coherent life view; lowering of resident and staff stress levels and restoration from fatigue; facilitating personal
control; and supporting socially supportive relationships. The result is that residents are more trusting and accepting of
treatment. Research on the direct correlation between the homelike character and specific residential design elements to
the success of treatment will be forthcoming when the model site, Courage House Northern California is operational.
Case Study ComparisonsHCS490 Version 76University of Phoe.docxwendolynhalbert
Case Study Comparisons
HCS/490 Version 7
6
University of Phoenix Material
Case Study Comparisons
Part 1
Complete the chart below that differentiates the following insurance types.
Plan Type
Characteristics of Plan (5 to 7 characteristics)
Target Audience for Plan
Indemnity Plan
Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)
Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)
Consumer Directed Health Plan (CDHPs)
Medicaid
Medicare
Part 2
Review the insurance plans below and answer the questions that follow the chart.
Services
Bronze
Silver
Gold
Monthly Cost
$163.00
$194.00
$245.00
Deductible
$6,000.00
$4,000.00
$1000.00
Primary Care
$35.00 co-pay for 3 visits, then 20% of co-insurance
$30.00 co-pay/provider/day
$20.00 co-pay/provider/day
Specialist Visit
$70.00 co-pay for 3 visits, then 20% of co-insurance
$60.00 co-pay/provider/day
$40.00 co-pay/provider/day
Preventive Care/Screening/Immunization
No charge
No charge
No charge
Diagnostic Test (x-ray, blood work)
$35.00 co-pay or 20% of co-insurance if co-pay limit is researched
Office visit co-pay or 20% of co-insurance
Office visit co-pay or 20% of co-insurance
Level 1 Prescription Drugs
$25 co-pay/30 day supply
$15.00 co-pay/30 supply
$15.00 co-pay/30 supply
Emergency Room Services
20% of co-insurance
$350.00 co-pay/facility/day
$250.00 co-pay/facility/day
Emergency Medical Transportation
20% of co-insurance
20% of co-insurance
20% of co-insurance
Urgent Care
$75 co-pay
$60.00 co-pay/provider/day
$60.00 co-pay/provider/day
Hospital Stay (Facility fee, physician/surgeon fee)
20% of co-insurance
20% of co-insurance
20% of co-insurance
1. Compare the plans in the chart in the space provided below-- feel free to expand the space if you need to.
· What are the major differences of the three plans?
· What are the major similarities of the three plans?
· If you needed to choose, what would be the major advantages and disadvantages of each plan, in relation to your needs?
2. Answer the questions below regarding the two consumers and refer to the Gold, Bronze, or Silver plans listed above.
Consumer A – Betsy
Betsy has type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. She visits the doctor often to keep her diabetes and blood pressure controlled. The doctor regularly checks her blood glucose (sugar) levels and prescribes level 1 drugs (see chart) to help Betsy control her diabetes and blood pressure.
Compare the plans in the chart and determine the best plan for Betsy. Remember to consider deductibles and general costs for the services she would be using. Use the space provided-- feel free to expand it if necessary.
Betsy is able to control her diabetes, but still uses her insurance plan frequently. For several years, she was careful to follow the proper diet and exercise plans. However, after suffering a broken leg and being inactive, she gained weight and has not been diligent about controlling her diabetes. She has found that she needs emergency room services and urgent ...
Slide presentation by Dr Kamal Abu-Shamsieh.
This slide presentation is from the live Interfaith Dialogue 2020 organized by Kasih Hospice Foundation. Every year Kasih Hospice hosts its Interfaith Dialogue in December, with a focus on spiritual issues surrounding End of Life Care. You can learn more about this at https://www.facebook.com/Kasih.Interfaith.
The video recording from the live Interfaith Dialogue 2020 is available at these social media platforms:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmGUSySeDXY
https://www.facebook.com/1651153065/videos/10222678279939589/
https://twitter.com/HospiceKasih/status/1335034116228562945?s=20
https://www.pscp.tv/w/cpmJBzFEWkVvT1ZyZ3FHRWF8MU1uR25sQUxOcWV4T6D6hlx_7c8m4PNMe5JH_NWh0fhgXs-Wq8BnL6cs7LbT
Dr Tim Harlow, Hospiscare Consultant
Spiritual causes of physical pain, presented at the Holy Living, Holy Dying conference held in Exeter on 2 November 2009
No one’s been more influential than John Weeks in advocating for integrative health and health creation as the standard of care. View (and share!) this stunning 68-page eBook and discover what John’s colleagues—the leading lights of integrative health and medicine—have to say about his incalculable contributions to the field.
Slide presentation by Rev Fr Dr Clarence Devadass.
This slide presentation is from the live Interfaith Dialogue 2020 organized by Kasih Hospice Foundation. Every year Kasih Hospice hosts its Interfaith Dialogue in December, with a focus on spiritual issues surrounding End of Life Care. You can learn more about this at https://www.facebook.com/Kasih.Interfaith.
The video recording from the live Interfaith Dialogue 2020 is available at these social media platforms:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmGUSySeDXY
https://www.facebook.com/1651153065/videos/10222678279939589/
https://twitter.com/HospiceKasih/status/1335034116228562945?s=20
https://www.pscp.tv/w/cpmJBzFEWkVvT1ZyZ3FHRWF8MU1uR25sQUxOcWV4T6D6hlx_7c8m4PNMe5JH_NWh0fhgXs-Wq8BnL6cs7LbT
Role of religious communication during pandemic covid-19anshula garg
Religion and culture are essential elements of humanity, and it is through communication, that these elements of humanity are mediated.
Whether exploring these terms in health, interpersonal, intercultural, intergroup, mass, or other communication contexts, it is evident that understanding the intersection(s) among religion, culture, and communication offers vast opportunities for researchers and practitioners.
Environmental design in support of trauma recoverykarenatskw
The current paper presents the concepts behind the design of a homelike facility on a secluded campus for long-term
residential care for exploited adolescents, specifically females ages 11-17, who have been victims of commercial sexual
exploitation. The treatment model is innovative in that it is a long-term treatment and housing solution with no pre-defined
maximum length of stay. Integral to the model is the assumption that the built environment has direct and indirect effects
on mental health.(1) This paper presents the research behind the design thinking and specific design elements to create
a homelike environment. Research indicates the positive effects of a familiar homelike environment. to be: support of a
healthy, coherent life view; lowering of resident and staff stress levels and restoration from fatigue; facilitating personal
control; and supporting socially supportive relationships. The result is that residents are more trusting and accepting of
treatment. Research on the direct correlation between the homelike character and specific residential design elements to
the success of treatment will be forthcoming when the model site, Courage House Northern California is operational.
Case Study ComparisonsHCS490 Version 76University of Phoe.docxwendolynhalbert
Case Study Comparisons
HCS/490 Version 7
6
University of Phoenix Material
Case Study Comparisons
Part 1
Complete the chart below that differentiates the following insurance types.
Plan Type
Characteristics of Plan (5 to 7 characteristics)
Target Audience for Plan
Indemnity Plan
Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)
Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)
Consumer Directed Health Plan (CDHPs)
Medicaid
Medicare
Part 2
Review the insurance plans below and answer the questions that follow the chart.
Services
Bronze
Silver
Gold
Monthly Cost
$163.00
$194.00
$245.00
Deductible
$6,000.00
$4,000.00
$1000.00
Primary Care
$35.00 co-pay for 3 visits, then 20% of co-insurance
$30.00 co-pay/provider/day
$20.00 co-pay/provider/day
Specialist Visit
$70.00 co-pay for 3 visits, then 20% of co-insurance
$60.00 co-pay/provider/day
$40.00 co-pay/provider/day
Preventive Care/Screening/Immunization
No charge
No charge
No charge
Diagnostic Test (x-ray, blood work)
$35.00 co-pay or 20% of co-insurance if co-pay limit is researched
Office visit co-pay or 20% of co-insurance
Office visit co-pay or 20% of co-insurance
Level 1 Prescription Drugs
$25 co-pay/30 day supply
$15.00 co-pay/30 supply
$15.00 co-pay/30 supply
Emergency Room Services
20% of co-insurance
$350.00 co-pay/facility/day
$250.00 co-pay/facility/day
Emergency Medical Transportation
20% of co-insurance
20% of co-insurance
20% of co-insurance
Urgent Care
$75 co-pay
$60.00 co-pay/provider/day
$60.00 co-pay/provider/day
Hospital Stay (Facility fee, physician/surgeon fee)
20% of co-insurance
20% of co-insurance
20% of co-insurance
1. Compare the plans in the chart in the space provided below-- feel free to expand the space if you need to.
· What are the major differences of the three plans?
· What are the major similarities of the three plans?
· If you needed to choose, what would be the major advantages and disadvantages of each plan, in relation to your needs?
2. Answer the questions below regarding the two consumers and refer to the Gold, Bronze, or Silver plans listed above.
Consumer A – Betsy
Betsy has type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. She visits the doctor often to keep her diabetes and blood pressure controlled. The doctor regularly checks her blood glucose (sugar) levels and prescribes level 1 drugs (see chart) to help Betsy control her diabetes and blood pressure.
Compare the plans in the chart and determine the best plan for Betsy. Remember to consider deductibles and general costs for the services she would be using. Use the space provided-- feel free to expand it if necessary.
Betsy is able to control her diabetes, but still uses her insurance plan frequently. For several years, she was careful to follow the proper diet and exercise plans. However, after suffering a broken leg and being inactive, she gained weight and has not been diligent about controlling her diabetes. She has found that she needs emergency room services and urgent ...
How religion and spirituality can help handoutauthors boards
A life-threatening disease, such as cancer, confronts us with realities and questions that prompts to step back from our lives and reflect on the meaning and implications of the illness. Our perspective on these realities and questions emerges in large measure from our religious, spiritual or philosophical orientation, and it influences how we experience the illness--its meaning, how we feel about it and how well we come to terms with it. A religious perspective can help us as we grapple with these issues and seek to keep our bearing through the mental and emotional turmoil that comes with having cancer.
In order to discuss how religion and spirituality can help in dealing with cancer, we want to first review some of the religious and spiritual issues, questions and problems that cancer presents. These are questions of meaning--the meaning of our life and what is important, the meaning behind our personal affliction with cancer and finding meaning in our suffering.
Public Health Essay
Essay on Frozen River
Essay on Effects of Mass Media on Society
Study Plan Essay
UNIT 524
Trigger Warnings Essay
Equality Act 2010 Essay
Essay about The Importance of Biodiversity
As an off shoot of the MAAP extension Services ( livelihood project) conducted in partnership with NRCP Division1 led by Dr Prof Epifania Tabadda and NRCP staff in 2015 , with one of MAAP adopted community, we have the privilege to meet the Aeta Community. In addition from sharing and cooking nutritious food , we also learned their various healing practices and philosophy.
From Trauma to Triumph - Resilience in the Face of Natural DisastersThe Sprouts
People can increase their ability to cope with the aftermath of natural disasters if there is a proper plan in place.
Authored by Prasad Amore, Clinical Psychologist (Kochi & Thrissur/0
Understanding cultural differences is a very important aspect of d.docxjolleybendicty
Understanding cultural differences is a very important aspect of delivering health care to various populations who have immigrated to the United States from various parts of the world. Collaborating with others to explore these differences allows you to gather varying viewpoints on these differences and how they might impact health care delivery.
Part I: Individual work
Select 1 chapter in The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down that discusses Hmong history (Ch. 8 to 14) to read individually.
Write a 350-word summary of the chapter that includes the following:
·
Identify the historical events or cultural practices in your selected chapter.
·
Examine and describe how these differences create disparities between U.S. health care and the Hmong in California.
Share your summary with your team.
Part IA: Teamwork
Discuss as a team the key historical events or cultural practices you each found in your reading and summary.
As a team,
identify commonalities of Hmong history and cultural practices that recur throughout the chapters.
Create a list of 3 to 5 key cultural practices or factors that could impact health care program delivery to the Hmong community. Include a 2- to 3-sentence description to support your choices
.(All you need to do is come up with 1 key cultural with a 2-3 sentence description for this part)
Part B: Individual Reflection:
Write a 350-word summary explaining how the 3- to 5-key factors your team identified apply to the chapter you read. Describe how these factors impact the differences in disparities between U.S. health care and the Hmong in California.
Cite 3 reputable references to support your assignment (e.g., trade or industry publications, government or agency websites, scholarly works, or other sources of similar quality).
PART2::: DISCUSSION QUESTION
Visit the
Child Welfare Information Gateway.
· What are the primary responsibilities of the health care industry in preventing child abuse and neglect, responding to child abuse and neglect, and supporting and preserving families?
· What circumstances should be present (or what considerations should be made) before removing a child from the guardianship of the parent?
Include sources/references to support your perspective.
Classmate1:
Summary There were many historical events and cultural practices in the Hmong culture. First of all it was so hard to appropriately treat Lia's epilepsy due to unfortunate circumstances. The family had their cultural beliefs and secondly there was a language barrier that stood in the way, that did not allow them to fully understand the diagnosis, and the severity if not treated. They believed that the seizures she was having made her special. They believed in traditional healing per their cultural beliefs, and this was was to call back her soul. They believed that tradi.
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HOẶC
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https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
At the 2016 CCIH Annual Conference, Dr. Jonathan Quick of Management Sciences for Health discusses recent pandemics and explores the keys to preventing future outbreaks.
Reviving the Soul: Navigating the Self at the Intersection of Psychology and ...ShaneFenwick
A thesis submitted by Shane Fenwick in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Theology in the School of Theology, Charles Sturt University (October, 2019).
Reviving the Soul: Navigating the Self at the Intersection of Psychology and ...
Psychotrauma 1
1. 204 Pak J Med Sci 2006 Vol. 22 No. 2 www.pjms.com.pk
Short Communication
ROLE OF FAITHAND RESILIENCE IN
RECOVERY FROM PSYCHOTRAUMA
Unaiza Niaz1
SUMMARY
Role of faith & resilience in recovery from traumatic events is a common observation. Recent
experience with the earthquake victims in NWFP &AJK clearly demonstrated the positive effects
of faith & resilience. Faith in God Almighty was a major factor in strengthening resilience and
promoting recovery from traumatic stress disorders.
Author suggests partnering media in resilience promotion and capacity building of the disaster
affected population and developing psychotherapeutic techniques to enhance the natural
resilience and strength in victims of psycho-trauma.
KEY WORDS: Faith, Resilience promotion, Psychotherapeutic techniques, Media.
Pak J Med Sci April - June 2006 Vol. 22 No. 2 204 - 207
1. Unaiza Niaz, M.D. DPM, FRC Psych (Eng),
Consultant Psychiatrist and Psychotherapist
Correspondence:
Dr. Unaiza Niaz
The Director,
The Psychiatric Clinic & Stress Research Center,
6C, 7th
, Commercial Lane, Zamzama Boulevard,
Phase -V, D.H.A
Karachi.
E mail: drunaiza@cyber.net.pk
* Received for publication February 21, 2006
Revision received February 26, 2006
Revision accepted February 28, 2006
The devastating earthquake on the 8th
of
October, 2005 in Pakistan killed nearly 100,000
people and rendered 3.5 million to
homelessness. Never in the history of Pakistan
had the nation risen to the occasion in such an
unparalleled demonstration of concern and
philanthropy. The initial response was purely
humanitarian and not organizational. The
Pakistan Army worked beyond the call for duty
in the difficult and mountainous terrain, with
landslides and blocked access to the disaster
areas to provide relief. A calamity of such a
magnitude had never hit Pakistan in the past.
The Government and the people together joined
hands to take relief goods from Karachi to
Khyber. EDHI Welfare Trust, numerous
religious organisations including Pakistan
Islamic Medical Association’s (PIMA)
Alkhidmat, Jamatul dawa’s Al-Rasheed Trust
etc., are still working round the clock. Their
work was examplary. Islam as a religion
teaches such devotion to service .These
welfare organisations have worked in Pales-
tine and Kashmir, as well in times of disaster,
bravely surpassing the ordeals. The Interna-
tional community established bridges of relief
supplies via helicopters. Volunteers and
Rescue teams from eighty countries came
together to help tackle the enormous task of
helping the victims.
In the wake of the recent earthquake
disaster, one thing that has come to light is that
Pakistanis as a Nation have not only come
together to help the victims, we have also all
been humbled by the enormity and magnitude
of the devastation and how the affectees have
shown resilience and strength in the face of
this adversity. For over a month after the main
quake, tremors were constantly being felt in
the region but the spirit of the people remained
unshakable. Those who had lost loved ones,
or homes, or had been injured and had lost
limbs in their entirety or had lost use of their
limbs or other body parts due to trauma and
paralyses, though devastated and shocked by
the loss, were by no means broken in spirit.
2. Pak J Med Sci 2006 Vol. 22 No. 2 www.pjms.com.pk 205
Role of Faith and Resilience in Psychotrauma
And even in the face of such trauma and ad-
versity, their sense of gratefulness and grati-
tude to God was overwhelming and inspiring.
Instead of becoming resentful or loosing hope,
they had sought refuge with God, religion, and
faith, asking Him for help and at the same time
thankful to Him for being alive, and may be
even better off as compared to thousands
around them. The underlying premise was that
God gives and takes. He gave it to us before,
He has taken what was His and He will, when
He wishes, give it back as well. Such strength
of faith and spirit is unheard of, and it is this
very belief in God, the faith in religion and
prayer that has given the victims of earthquake
the resilience that is not only vital for their
survival through a time like this but also
crucial to help them bounce back and estab-
lish themselves as before the calamity. While
one feels deeply gloomy & sad over the thought
of thousands dead, wounded and displaced by
a sudden stroke of ill luck, there is a flaming
hope that shines through the dark skies. It is
with this hope that Pakistanis are now
braving these hours of trial and tribulation.
Similar behaviour responses were observed
in the recent Tsunami. Rasheeda Bhagat1
in
one of her article “A wave to drown the
tsunami” mentioned that the tsunami resulted
in thousands of deaths and rendered many
homeless or deprived from the resources they
had. But there were few silver linings too. In
Sri Lanka they did not have well-organized
systems in place that can swing into action with
alacrity and efficiency after such a disaster. The
proud fishermen who told the Prime Minister
that it is not food or clothes they need, but they
require fishing boats and nets so that they can
resume work at the earliest. The people for
whom the sea was everything in that it gave
them the only means of livelihood are today
understandably petrified of those very waters.
But most of them also know that sooner than
later they will have to return to it to carry on
with their lives. The fishermens children study-
ing in schools along the coast slowly returned
to their classes, though their tender minds still
coming to grips with what hit them. Thousands
have lost what neither the government’s relief
package nor fellow citizens’ generosity or
compassion can replace — their parents. But,
then, children have the resilience and the
capacity to bounce back that is far superior to
that of adults. The people’s compassion, their
generosity, the resilience and their intrinsic
capacity enabled them to forget artificial and
man-made barriers such as caste, creed and
status in community.
RESILIENCE IN TRAUMA
Little research has been undertaken to
identify resilience in indigenous populations.
Agencies/organisations, both local & interna-
tional, providing support to affected popula-
tions may be doing an injustice if assistance is
provided in ways that fail to complement their
intrinsic capacities. Clearly, both the Relief
Workers and the Research Scientists who are
to confront this issue need to pay more atten-
tion to understanding the relationship between
cultural, ethnic and religious characteristics
and adaptation to natural hazard conse-
quences in the context of hazard impacts.
A research project2
on Resilience and Health
among Salvadoran Refugee Women in
Manitoba also identified that religious faith is
also one of the strategies women use to cope
with health problems. Women saw faith in
God, as central to their lives. Prayer was used
as a key coping technique for coming out of
their problems.
Lothe & Heggen studied3
resilience related to
childhood experiences of famine in Ethiopia.
The participants were young Ethiopians who
survived and coped with the devastating
effects of famine. Significant resilience factors
identified were faith and hope, having a living
relative, and having memories of one’s past
roots. Exposure to famine and multiple early
losses may have long-term effects on an
individual’s capacity to maintain resilience.
A study4
by Greeff & Ritman identified
individual characteristics as a resource to
enhance the resilience of a family dealing with
the loss of a parent. Twenty five white single-
parent families who had lost a parent between
3. 206 Pak J Med Sci 2006 Vol. 22 No. 2 www.pjms.com.pk
last one to four years were identified and asked
to state the personal qualities which helped the
family. The qualitative results indicate that
optimism, perseverance, faith, expression of
emotions and self-confidence were prominent
individual characteristics of resilience viewed
as resources in promoting resilience in these
single-parent families.
Resilience5
is the act of rebounding or spring-
ing back after being stretched, or recovering
strength, spirit, and good humor. In clinical
terms “resilience” is reserved for unpredicted
or markedly successful adaptations to negative
life events, trauma, stress, and other forms of
risk. If we can understand what helps some
people to function well in the context of high
adversity, we may be able to incorporate this
knowledge into new practice strategies. Resil-
ience maintains normal development despite
the adversity, or can be a promoter of growth
beyond the present level of functioning. Assess-
ment of resilience in the victims of trauma is a
crucial component in determining the way in
which individuals react to and deal with stress.
A broad range of features6
is associated with
resilience; these features relate to the strengths
and positive aspects of an individual’s mental
state. In patients with posttraumatic stress
disorder, resilience can be used as a measure
of treatment outcome, with improved
resilience increasing the likelihood of a
favourable outcome. Trauma 7
leads to the
breakdown of fundamental beliefs and
assumptions about the world, such as the
belief that the world is essentially just or
benevolent, that people have control over their
lives, or that bad things do not ultimately
happen to good people. This assumption is
suddenly shattered when this meaning world
collapses in traumatic events. Hence traumatic
events and circumstances can catastrophically
destroy and disintegrate certain basic assump-
tions we hold about the world. Many systems
of religious belief can contribute to resilience
by sustaining a sense of meaning and purpose.
For instance, the Oct, 8th
earthquake in
Pakistan and AJK, some of the naïve religious
leaders inadvertently said that the earthquake
was to teach the evil a lesson and it was the
wrath of God that led to the disaster. But
interestingly, the majority of the survivors of
the earthquake did not consider it as a wrath
of God or punishment. On the contrary, their
faith became stronger and they said “He gives
and he takes. We bow to Gods’ will and we
will rebuild our lives with the grace of God.”
The balance seems to be that religious faith
contributes more to resilience than to
vulnerability.
Religious faith is clearly a major factor
promoting resilience and has helped people
overcome the adversities they face. A major
example of resilience of human spirit that has
triumphed was in the 1995 earthquake in Kobe,
Japan, where people faced a similar fate and
emerged more proud and joyous! The most
recent example is of the refugees in the Afghan
camps after 9/11. They were brave, solid in
their resilience to survive and face the adversi-
ties as the “will of God”. The author person-
ally remembers how old and young men sat
on the floor near their camps with their prayer
beads (tasbeeh), sombre, proud and tall, with-
out a frown on their foreheads. “They never
ask for anything”, said the Camp Volunteers
and Aid Workers. In certain villages people
preferred to starve to death rather than come
for food and relief to the donor offices. “We
take the food for them to their villages”. The
lady doctors in PIMA said that they painfully
bring leftover bread pieces for nursing
mothers as they used these for top feed for their
babies. “The women are week, febrile and
anaemic. Their milk has dried up, they need
top feeds” the doctor stated.
The Institute of Psycho Trauma Pakistan
(IPTP), a group of Mental Health Profession-
als visited NWFP and AJK three weeks after
the earthquake and since then has continued
to visit the area regularly at six week intervals,
along with other several groups of health
professionals from the country. Psychiatrists
from SAARC, South Asian and World Psychi-
atric Association, WHO, and Pakistan have
deliberated in recent conferences about their
work, plans and findings from their work and
Unaiza Niaz
4. experiences in the earthquake hit areas of
Pakistan and AJK. It was clearly seen by the
Mental Health Workers that Religious Faith
was a major factor helping the victims of this
disaster to carry on with life struggles, and
make plans for future compared to the studies
of the other disasters in the world. Hence
Disaster Mental Health Management Programs
must include Resilience Promotion and
Capacity Building Techniques.
Use of electronic as well as print media as a
resource is absolutely vital in building resilience.
Showing daily progress in people’s activities,
self-sufficiency and films of individual
strengths and resourcefulness of earthquake
victims would be a positive reinforcement. It
can include showing clips of video films and
how a boy helped an injured sibling; young
men walking through the mountainous terrain
in harsh weather, carrying the seriously ill and
injured relatives for miles to take them to the
camp hospitals.
Electronic Journalism, though still in its
infancy, was almost single-handedly respon-
sible during this earthquake for not just
presenting exceptional and efficient coverage
of the disaster, but also for bringing the coun-
try together in this hour of need like never
before. Psychiatrists must educate the media,
by holding seminars and workshops to create
awareness in the news reporters, that how
sensationalizing news can be traumatic for the
viewers/readers. Such events should be
reported professionally not only to inform but
to guide people how these traumatic events
could be prevented, minimised, or handled.
For these reasons it is important to realize
and appreciate the role that media can con-
tribute effectively in the dissemination of
information and news as well as in creating
awareness and to educate the masses about the
geographical and scientific facts behind such
natural disasters. This will not only prevent fear
from permeating into the psyche of our people
but will also empower them against forces that
use emotionally charged statements like “it is
the Wrath of God” to create unrest, fear, tur-
moil, confusion and in some cases even guilt
regarding such events. Such influences affect
and reduce natural resilience and strength of
the people, which can be cultivated by provid-
ing the people with correct, factual informa-
tion via the media. Media8
has been used to
educate and reassure people about the normal
psychological reactions to trauma, loss & grief
– thus preventing stigma of mental illnesses.
Partnering the media in resilience promotion
and capacity building of the disaster affected
population can result in positive outcomes.
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Pak J Med Sci 2006 Vol. 22 No. 2 www.pjms.com.pk 207
Role of Faith and Resilience in Psychotrauma