Memorial Hospital Memorial Hospital is a privately owned 600-bed facility. The hospital provides a broad range of health care services, including complete laboratory and X-ray facilities, an emergency room, an intensive care unit, a cardiac care unit, and a psychiatric ward. Most of these services are provided by several other hospitals in the metropolitan area. Memorial has purposely avoided getting involved in any specialized fields of medicine or obtaining very specialized diagnostic equipment because it was felt that such services would not be cost-effective. The General Hospital, located only a few miles from Memorial, is affiliated with the local School of Medicine and offers up-to-date services in those specialized areas. Instead of trying to compete with General Hospital to provide special services, Memorial Hospital has concentrated on offering high-quality general health care at an affordable price. Compared with the much larger General Hospital, Memorial stresses close personal attention to each patient from a nursing staff that cares about its work. In fact, the hospital has begun to place ads in newspapers and on television, stressing its patient-oriented care. However, the hospital's administrator, Janice Fry, is concerned about whether the hospital can really deliver on its promises, and worries that failure to provide the level of health care patients expect could drive patients away. Janice met recently with the hospital's managerial personnel to discuss her concerns. The meeting raised some questions about how the hospital's quality of health care could be assured. Jessica Tu, director of nursing, raised the question, "How do we measure the quality of health care? Do we give patients a questionnaire when they leave, asking if they were happy here? That does not seem to answer the question because we could make a patient happy, but give them lousy health care." Several other questions were asked concerning the hospital's efforts to keep costs down. Some people were concerned that an emphasis on costs would be detrimental to quality. They argued that when a person's life is at stake, costs should not be of concern. After the meeting, Janice began thinking about these questions. She remembered reading recently that some companies were using total quality management (TQM) to improve their quality. She liked the idea—if it could be used in a hospital. 1. Discuss some ways that a hospital might measure quality. 2. What are the potential costs of quality for Memorial Hospital? How could the value of a human life be included? 3. Are there any ideas or techniques from TQM that Janice could use to help Memorial focus on providing quality health care? 4. What measures could Memorial use to assess the quality of health care it is providing? Religion Origin of All Things Nature of God/Creator View of Human Nature View of Good and Evil View of “Salvation” View of After Life Practices and Rituals Celebrations and Festivals Week 1 I ...

1. Memorial Hospital
Memorial Hospital is a privately owned 600-bed facility. The
hospital provides a broad range of health care services,
including complete laboratory and X-ray facilities, an
emergency room, an intensive care unit, a cardiac care unit, and
a psychiatric ward. Most of these services are provided by
several other hospitals in the metropolitan area. Memorial has
purposely avoided getting involved in any specialized fields of
medicine or obtaining very specialized diagnostic equipment
because it was felt that such services would not be cost-
effective. The General Hospital, located only a few miles from
Memorial, is affiliated with the local School of Medicine and
offers up-to-date services in those specialized areas. Instead of
trying to compete with General Hospital to provide special
services, Memorial Hospital has concentrated on offering high-
quality general health care at an affordable price. Compared
with the much larger General Hospital, Memorial stresses close
personal attention to each patient from a nursing staff that cares
about its work. In fact, the hospital has begun to place ads in
newspapers and on television, stressing its patient-oriented
care.
However, the hospital's administrator, Janice Fry, is concerned
about whether the hospital can really deliver on its promises,
and worries that failure to provide the level of health care
patients expect could drive patients away. Janice met recently
with the hospital's managerial personnel to discuss her
concerns. The meeting raised some questions about how the
hospital's quality of health care could be assured. Jessica Tu,
director of nursing, raised the question, "How do we measure
the quality of health care? Do we give patients a questionnaire
when they leave, asking if they were happy here? That does not
seem to answer the question because we could make a patient
happy, but give them lousy health care." Several other questions
were asked concerning the hospital's efforts to keep costs down.

2. Some people were concerned that an emphasis on costs would
be detrimental to quality. They argued that when a person's life
is at stake, costs should not be of concern.
After the meeting, Janice began thinking about these questions.
She remembered reading recently that some companies were
using total quality management (TQM) to improve their quality.
She liked the idea—if it could be used in a hospital.
1. Discuss some ways that a hospital might measure quality.
2. What are the potential costs of quality for Memorial
Hospital? How could the value of a human life be included?
3. Are there any ideas or techniques from TQM that Janice
could use to help Memorial focus on providing quality health
care?
4. What measures could Memorial use to assess the quality of
health care it is providing?
Religion
Origin of All Things
Nature of God/Creator
View of Human Nature
View of Good and Evil
View of “Salvation”
View of After Life
Practices and Rituals
Celebrations and Festivals
Week 1
Indigenous Peoples
Most indigenous peoples have creation stories where they
believe the Creator or Great Father in the Sky made the earth,
the animals and all humans.
Many believe that they have lost touch or even forgotten about a
Creator that their ancestors knew, but disobeyed. They believe
the dark gods of the spirit world are the ones to be afraid of or
to placate. Thus they believe that the Creator God, if there is

3. one, is distant, removed and angry with them.
Humans are often seen as lost or wandering from a true path
that was lost to the ancestors long ago. Humans are seen as
capable of good or bad and under the influence of curses, vows,
incantations, or evil spirits. In this sense, they may be
animistic. Many have a special shaman or witch doctor who is
supposed to help them connect to the spirit world.
Good and evil are seen as forces that compete for dominance in
a person and in the world. Sometimes there is an ethnocentric
idea that ‘our’ group is the good one and all outsiders are ‘bad’.
This idea can lead to wars and conflicts.
The idea of the path or the way or a lifeway is their main idea
of salvation. It is the path to the good. This idea is closely
aligned with a responsibility for nature and this world. Oneness
with nature is for some seen as a goal of life. Others see
‘salvation’ as surviving and not being defeated by the dark
spirits, thus having a long life.
Some groups have a notion of an afterlife, but others do not.
For example, some Native American groups believe in a “Happy
Hunting Ground’ or that one goes to be with the ancestors
and/or the Great Spirit. Many indigenous peoples are terrified
of death and use their rituals to ward it off.
Varies by country or group. Some have animal sacrifices or
smoke various substances in a ritualistic manner. Dance is often
used to express stories and tales of the tribe or group or the
gods. Body decoration, paint, garments and drums are often
used in the ritual dances. To placate the spirits, they may also
cut themselves or in some cases engage in cannibalism or
headhunting. An example: the Sawi people of New Guinea make
peace with an enemy by swapping infants between the tribes.
As long as the children live there will be peace between the two
tribes. One family per tribe agrees to take in the other child and
give up their own.
Varies by country or group. Some have celebrations tied to the
seasons of the year. Others have celebrations of victory in war
or at weddings. The birth of children is often a time of great

4. celebration. Death is universally observed in various ways
depending on the culture and local beliefs. The finding of good
prey when hunting would be a cause for celebration as well.
Communal meals are common. For example: the Native
Americans shared food with the Pilgrims who came to America.
Week 1
Sources
text
www.godonthe.net/evidence/atribute.htm
text
text
www.britannica.com/.../indigenous-religion
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text
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Week 2
Hinduism and Jainism
Wk 2 sources

5. Week 3
Buddhism
Wk 3 sources
Week 4
Daoism and
Confucianism
Wk 4 sources

6. Week 5
Shinto and Zorastrianism
Wk 5 sources
Week 6
Judaism

7. Wk 6 sources
Week 7
Christianity
Wk 7 sources
Week 8
Islam

8. Wk 8 sources
Week 9
Sikhism
Wk 9 sources
Week 10
Modern
Religions

9. Wk 10 sources