5.3 Discussion: Choosing a Survey to Use Indicate what you consider are primary considerations in choosing an in-person survey compared with an on-line survey. Provide strengths and liabilities for each and explain when one method would be superior to the other. Provide at least one peer-reviewed source, other than the textbooks for this course, to support your position. Create at least 2-3 pages and post your observation using APA format where applicable. Oneway Mean Do you agree with abortion? Male 3.20 Female 3.30 Total 3.24 Do you think abortion in the first trimester should be legal? Male 2.20 Female 2.10 Total 2.16 Do you think life as a real human being begins at conception? Male 7.47 Female 6.30 Total 7.00 A women should always have the right to have an abortion in case of an unwanted pregnancy. Male 2.33 Female 2.90 Total 2.56 By agreeing to the woman's decision on abortion, does this mean the man is not taking full responsibility for the child? Male 3.60 Female 3.30 Total 3.48 Do you think men pressure women to have an abortion? Male 3.00 Female 3.40 Total 3.16 Separate two questions at a time. Both groups answered on average regarding question #1 on abortion between “somewhat agree” and “neither agree nor disagree”. Both groups answered on average regarding question #4 on abortion in unwanted pregnancy. Both groups answered on average between “agree” and “somewhat agree”. On question 5, both groups were ask; by agreeing with the female’s decision, does this mean that the male is not taking full responsibility for the child. Both males and females answered between “somewhat agree” and “neither agree nor disagree”. Regarding question #3 on whether or not life as a real human being begins at conception. Males responded that they strongly disagree whereas females answered, “somewhat disagree” and “strongly disagree”. When asked if they thought first trimester should be legal. Both groups answered on average regarding question #2 “probably yes” and “probably not”. Both groups answered on average regarding question #6 if they think men play a role in pressuring women between “about half the time” and “sometimes”. ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Do you agree with abortion? Between Groups .060 1 .060 .023 .881 Within Groups 60.500 23 2.630 Total 60.560 24 Do you think abortion in the first trimester should be legal? Between Groups .060 1 .060 .065 .801 Within Groups 21.300 23 .926 Total 21.360 24 Do you think life as a real human being begins at conception? Between Groups 8.167 1 8.167 3.139 .090 Within Groups 59.833 23 2.601 Total 68.000 24 A women should always have the right to have an abortion in case of an unwanted pregnancy? Between Groups 1.927 1 1.927 .958 .338 Within Groups 46.233 23 2.010 Total 48.160 24 By agreeing to the woman's decision on abortion, does this mean the man is not taking full responsibility for the child? Between Groups .540 1 .540 .260.

1. 5.3 Discussion: Choosing a Survey to Use
Indicate what you consider are primary considerations in
choosing an in-person survey compared with an on-line survey.
Provide strengths and liabilities for each and explain when one
method would be superior to the other. Provide at least one
peer-reviewed source, other than the textbooks for this course,
to support your position. Create at least 2-3 pages and post your
observation using APA format where applicable.
Oneway
Mean
Do you agree with abortion?
Male
3.20
Female
3.30
Total
3.24
Do you think abortion in the first trimester should be legal?
Male
2.20
Female
2.10

2. Total
2.16
Do you think life as a real human being begins at conception?
Male
7.47
Female
6.30
Total
7.00
A women should always have the right to have an abortion in
case of an unwanted pregnancy.
Male
2.33
Female
2.90
Total
2.56
By agreeing to the woman's decision on abortion, does this
mean the man is not taking full responsibility for the child?
Male
3.60
Female
3.30
Total
3.48
Do you think men pressure women to have an abortion?
Male
3.00
Female

3. 3.40
Total
3.16
Separate two questions at a time.
Both groups answered on average regarding question #1 on
abortion between “somewhat agree” and “neither agree nor
disagree”. Both groups answered on average regarding question
#4 on abortion in unwanted pregnancy. Both groups answered
on average between “agree” and “somewhat agree”. On question
5, both groups were ask; by agreeing with the female’s decision,
does this mean that the male is not taking full responsibility for
the child. Both males and females answered between “somewhat
agree” and “neither agree nor disagree”.
Regarding question #3 on whether or not life as a real human
being begins at conception. Males responded that they strongly
disagree whereas females answered, “somewhat disagree” and
“strongly disagree”.
When asked if they thought first trimester should be legal. Both
groups answered on average regarding question #2 “probably
yes” and “probably not”. Both groups answered on average
regarding question #6 if they think men play a role in pressuring
women between “about half the time” and “sometimes”.
ANOVA

4. Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
F
Sig.
Do you agree with abortion?
Between Groups
.060
1
.060
.023
.881
Within Groups
60.500
23
2.630
Total
60.560
24
Do you think abortion in the first trimester should be legal?
Between Groups
.060
1
.060
.065
.801
Within Groups

5. 21.300
23
.926
Total
21.360
24
Do you think life as a real human being begins at conception?
Between Groups
8.167
1
8.167
3.139
.090
Within Groups
59.833
23
2.601
Total
68.000
24
A women should always have the right to have an abortion in
case of an unwanted pregnancy?
Between Groups

6. 1.927
1
1.927
.958
.338
Within Groups
46.233
23
2.010
Total
48.160
24
By agreeing to the woman's decision on abortion, does this
mean the man is not taking full responsibility for the child?
Between Groups
.540
1
.540
.260
.615
Within Groups
47.700
23
2.074
Total

7. 48.240
24
Do you think men pressure women to have an abortion?
Between Groups
.960
1
.960
.836
.370
Within Groups
26.400
23
1.148
Total
27.360
24
Results
After collecting my ANOVA data, I collected that my P-value
between groups male and female showed no significant
difference when asked if they agree with abortion. The P-value
was… When asked if they thought, abortion in the first
trimester should be legal both groups showed a very high P-
value resulting in no significance between the two. Both groups
were then asked where they stand if the female decides to have
an abortion in case of an unwanted pregnancy which resulted in

8. P-value=.338 which is greater than .05. Therefore, there is no
significant difference between both groups.
I used α=.05 to make my significance decision.
Running head: VIEWS OF CHRISTIAN MALE VS CHRISTIAN
FEMALE ON ABORTION 1
VIEWS OF CHRISTIAN MALE VS CHRISTIAN FEMALE ON
ABORTION 2
The Views of Christian vs Christian Female on Abortion
Name:
Institutional Affiliation:
The Views of Christian vs Christian Female on Abortion
Introduction

9. In today’s world, people have varying views on the topic of
abortion. This paper talks more about the topic of abortion and
provides the answers to questions asked to both men and women
with various religious beliefs.
Literature review
Gender Differences in Christians’ Views on Abortion
Western culture today is composed of a wide variety of
religions dominating the sociopolitical and personal beliefs of
individuals in the United States. One of the more prevalent
issues, Abortion, is one that is heavily discussed across all
political and social platforms, with different factors skewing
views towards the more pro-life beliefs or the pro-choice beliefs
(Campbell, 1980, p. 371). However, as the issue of abortion
continues to be debated, it becomes clear that there exists a
wider spectrum of opinions regarding abortion beyond just pro-
life and pro-choice. This spectrum includes the differences
between not only religious views on abortions, but also between
males and females within a particular religion. As it is
understood, Christianity’s ideals and morals heavily disapprove
and disagree with abortion, favoring the pro-life arguments.
However, it is evident that in recent years, there exists a notable
difference in the arguments and positions of Christian males and
Christian females regarding the topic of abortion. Christian
males typically hold a more traditional stand, believing that
abortion is the ending of a fetus’ life, whereas Christian women,
when surveyed, show greater ambivalence toward the issue
(Dean, J., & Aune, K. 2015, p. 372)
Religion, Gender, and Abortion
In the United States, the topic of abortion is often very closely
related to dominant religious views and morals (Campbell,
1980, p. 370). Larger percentages of Protestant, Christian, and
Catholic followers showed a strong disagreement with abortion,
but evidently, there exists many female religious followers who
have also experienced an abortion. In fact, Catholic and

10. Protestant women share the same rate of getting an abortion as
women not affiliated with any religion at all (Dean, J., & Aune,
K. 2015, p. 372). It then begs the question of where the
religious beliefs end, and where personal gender-specific
assertion of rights begin. The debate and stigma surrounding
abortion is affected and caused by many different things, one of
them being religion (Campbell, 1980, p. 375). In Christianity,
its beliefs very strongly oppose abortion. However, there is no
explicit explanation on where this opposition to abortion is
derived from. There is no statement in the bible that specifically
claims that abortion is wrong, yet this is one of the ideas that is
prevalent within the Christian community (Ruble, 2012). For
this reason, many individuals practice this belief and claim it to
be one of the pillars of their values: a fetus is a living being
that ought to be protected. However, it becomes controversial
when Christian women are confronted with an unexpected or
unwanted pregnancy. Where a Christian male could easily
ground himself back to his original religious morals, a Christian
woman is also confronted with the consideration of her
individual life, her circumstances, and her decision independent
from her religious backgrounds (Dean, J., & Aune, K. 2015, p.
372).
Contrasting Christian Views.
In understanding the differences between Christian
males and Christian females’ views on abortion, it is necessary
to discuss the stigma that surrounds abortion. Because
individuals are often influenced and dominated by the values of
their society, and this is where they begin to conceptualize what
is “stigmatized,” and what is not (Cherry, M. 2014, p. 168).
These core values of society are often based off of religion, and
because the United States has shown to be a fairly religious
country, it follows that the topic of abortion would become so
controversial. Christian women are not exceptions to the
possibility of desiring an abortion despite their religious
background. Christian women could also face the same
circumstances of women not affiliated with any religion and

11. may need an abortion at one point in their lives. Christian
women are then forced to deal with their necessity to assert
their rights as a female, their independence to make their own
decisions, but also deal with the strong stigmatization from
their religion. Christian men, however, do not have to consider
these same possibilities. For this reason, it is often found that
Christian women are more likely to be ambivalent and unsure
about where they stand on abortion, whereas Christian men are
more likely to be static and traditional in their views (Campbell,
1980, p. 373).
Women and Abortion
Christian women show greater signs of ambivalence and
liberalism when confronted with the topic of abortion, because
the management of religious or moral beliefs conflict with the
experience or contemplation of abortion. Women who are non-
religiously affiliated deal with the same stigmas of abortion
from surrounding communities as Christian women. Christian
women have conveyed more alignment with the pro-life
movements primarily due to fear of the opinions of their
religious family members or community, rather than their own
perceived ideals (Rossinow, 2015). The emerging “Christian
feminist” ideal expresses how a woman exists and has a right to
live with intention according to her own life, not solely on her
religion’s beliefs (Dean, J., & Aune, K. 2015, p. 372). This
growing belief is justified in the unfairness of how, based on
traditional Christian views, a woman is expected and required to
deliver a child once it is conceived, yet a man has no such
obligation for impregnating her. Modern Christian women are
beginning to see the unfairness with such conservative views,
and thus, have begun developing more liberal positions aligning
more with the pro-choice movement ((Rossinow, 2015).
Christian Males’ Perspectives. Christian Males frequently
display more traditional and static arguments regarding the
topic of abortion. The vast majority consider the issue of
abortion in consideration to a very general audience, in that

12. there is no individuality to each woman who may choose to seek
out an abortion (Rossinow, 2015). Individuality could refer to
the particular circumstances of a woman, whether it be
financially, emotionally, or mentally. The more conservative
views of the typical Christian male toward abortion fail to
consider the individual solutions to individual problems of an
unexpected or unwanted pregnancy. This may be due to the fact
that it is a decision they will never be forced to consider, and
therefore the necessary empathy and contemplation is not there,
as a Christian woman would’ve had (Rossinow, 2015).
Concluding the Controversy. The discussion of abortion and its
disparities in the views between males and females in the
Christian religion, it becomes a consideration of identity. A
Christian woman is constantly facing the duality of her identity
as a woman who desires the assertion of her rights, as well as
her role as a Christian follower who is surrounded by its
community values. A Christian man does not have to assert
those same rights, because one does not ever contemplate the
possibility of becoming pregnant or seeking out an abortion. For
this reason, Christian women show greater ambivalence and
empathy towards the pro-choice movement, whereas Christian
men show more opposition to the pro-choice movement and
strong agreement with the pro-life movement, deriving a large
portion of their argument on their religious ideals of protecting
all life (Dean, J., & Aune, K. 2015, p. 372). According to the
pro-life movement’s beliefs, women, regardless of religious
affiliation, are expected to deliver a baby to full term. Men,
however, are never asked to fulfill this same obligation. Due to
the contrast in responsibility based on gender identities of
individuals, there can exist differences even within one religion
regarding a topic as controversial as abortion.
Current Study
The purpose of this study is to get to know the views of
Christian males and females on abortion. People from other
religions would also give responses.

13. Method
The method used was interviewing respondents in order to get
to know their views on abortion.
Participants
The study focuses on participants from the age of 19 years to 30
years. These are individuals who are considered adults and their
views are important in the collection and evaluation of data.
They have experience concerning the various issues surrounding
moral development in Christianity. They also have the freedom
to give their views regarding the concept of abortion and its
relationship to gender perceptions.
15 Men took part in the study whereas the women who took part
in the study were 8. Out of 23 participants, there were 14
participants who practiced Catholicism. 6 of the participants
identified themselves as Christians while the remaining 3
participants identified themselves with other religions. Only 4
participants were married as the other 19 participants were all
single.
Data Collection and Method
Concerning data collection, the study uses descriptive research
in its collection of data. The study is more of a qualitative data
than a quantitative one since it focuses on using descriptive
techniques compared to statistical inferences. The study
employs questionnaires to collect data from the participants. It
is specifically about the data it collects. It looks at the age,
gender, and marital status associated with the participants.
Measures
The study is critical in understanding how both modern
Christian men and women perceive the concept of abortion in
society. It looks at abortion as a moral issue that affects
different beliefs associated with Christianity. The study
understands the differences women and men in Christianity have
towards the religion. It serves as a guideline through which
researchers and individuals may comprehend the issue.

14. The interview questions which were asked included how close
the respondents were close to their faith, how they felt about
laws on abortion and whether they believed abortion was a legal
or moral issue. In addition, other questions that were asked
during the interview consisted of, when they thought human life
begins, whether or not they believed that life is valuable, the
stage of development which an unborn child should have human
rights, whether a teenager girl could have an abortion without
their parent’s consent and the time frame in which abortion
should be permitted. The final questions asked during the
interview portion were whether abortion could be viewed as
murder or homicide and some of the emotional and
psychological problems one could develop after the abortion
procedure.
Data Analysis
Based on their changing views, modern Christian women and
men look at the aspect of seeking an abortion as having the
same simple reason as a pregnant woman who wishes to no
longer be so. Despite the contemporary public discourse, the
above reason may not be enough. Modern Christian women are
not the ones who make important decisions relating to their
religions. They still live under the influence of their men, who
are not open to the changing nature of society. Despite their
changing perception, they are asked continuously to justify their
abortions. Their justification surrounds the response related to a
default assumption that abortion has a wrong moral status as
men think about it. But this is not for all modern Christian
women and men, despite most men arguing that abortion is
wrong. The liberal ones from developed nations tend to look at
the assumption as being incorrect (Sumerau, Grollman, &
Cragun, 2018). Men who look at the concept of abortion as
being wrong to have their arguments supported by a specific
theological framework that revolves around the values of
motherhood over needs, decisions, and interests of individual
women.
According to Dean & Aune (2015), modern Christian men and

15. women supporting abortion are more into policy. They
understand the need and nature of living in a country whereby
the constitution legalizes abortion. Therefore, such men and
women comprehend the significance of healthcare in supporting
the needs of a woman who does not want to be pregnant. Such
men and women uphold the rights of women with much dignity
and argue against societal and cultural debate that shame and
judge women for having abortions. Modern Christian men and
women’s positive perception of abortion support the fact that
women are rational, capable, and responsible moral agents that
understand their role in protecting life. However, they also have
to protect themselves against wishes that are detrimental to their
current and future developments. They understand that
paternalistic presumptions that pregnant women as lacking
moral capacity to protect life are wrong. Information about the
wrongful nature of abortion for them is a fallacy of the past
yielded by selfish paternalistic interests and views of the
society.

16. References
Campbell, L. (1980). Abortion - A Christian Feminist
Perspective. New Blackfriars,61(724), 370-377. Retrieved
from http://www.jstor.org/stable/43247177
Cherry, M. (2014). The emptiness of postmodern, post-Christian
Bioethics: An Engelhardtian reevaluation of the status of the
field. Christian Bioethics, 20(2), 168-186.
Dean, J., & Aune, K. (2015). Feminism resurgent? Mapping
contemporary feminist activisms in Europe. Social Movement
Studies, 14(4), 375-395.
Rossinow, D. (2015). Prophecy and Progress: C hristianity and
Dissent in Modern A merica. Journal of Historical Sociology,
28(1), 90-103.
Sumerau, J., Grollman, E., & Cragun, R. (2018). “Oh My God, I
Sound Like a Horrible Person”: Generic Processes in the
Conditional Acceptance of Sexual and Gender Diversity.
Symbolic Interaction, 41(1), 62-82.