يمكن استخدام احد استراتيجيات التعلم النشط في تقديم وتأدية هذه المحاضرة

1. 1

2. 
2

3. NANOSCIENCES
3

4. 4

5. 5
10-9
A nanometer is 10-9
meter (0.000000001 m(

6. 6

7. 7

8. 8

9. 9

10. 10
0.1 nm0.1 nm
0.01 mm0.01 mm
10 nm10 nm
0.10.1 μμmm
100 nm100 nm
0.01 mm0.01 mm
1010 μμmm
0.1 mm0.1 mm
100100 μμmm
1 cm1 cm
10 mm10 mm1010-2-2
mm
1010-3-3
mm
1010-4-4
mm
1010-5-5
mm
1010-6-6
mm
1010-7-7
mm
1010-8-8
mm
1010-9-9
mm
1010-10-10
mm
Visible
spectrum
1 nm1 nm
11 μμmm
1000 nm1000 nm
0.1 cm0.1 cm
1 mm1 mm
~tenths of nm~tenths of nm
1-2 mm1-2 mm
~2-5~2-5 µµmm
DNADNA
~2.5 nm~2.5 nm
widthwidth
~ 60-100~ 60-100 µµmm
1 nanometer (nm)
100 nanometers
Virus: 10-100 nm.
Hemoglobin: 7 nm.
Water (H2O(: 0.2 nm

11. 11
What is Nanoscale
1.27 × 107 m 0.22 m 0.7 × 10-9 m
Fullerenes C60
12,756 Km 22 cm 0.7 nm
10 millions times
smaller
1 billion times
smaller

12. Figure 1.5: National Nanotechnology Initiative.
Scale of Things—Nanometers
12

13. 13
‫؟؟؟؟؟؟؟‬ ‫؟؟؟؟؟‬ ‫؟؟‬ ‫؟؟‬

DNA.

14. Relation Between size and Surface Area
14

15. 15
1111

16. 
2.52.530030010641064
50160400
10
16

17. 17
27
Al makes up 100% of naturally occurring Al
Atomic mass : 26.9815 amu
13protons
14neutrons
13protons

18. 18
1. How many atoms in your piece of Aluminum?
2. How big is an Aluminum Atom?
3. How many atoms on the surface of the piece?
4. What is the ratio of surface atoms to volume
atoms?
5. If your piece was 10nm*10nm*10nm what
would the ratio be?
6. If your piece was a sphere of 2nm radius what
would the ratio be?
Nanoscalc A

19. 19
Nanocalc B
Lets say you have a cube of solid material 1 m on a side.
A.What is the total surface area?
B.If you split it into cubes 0.5 m on a side, what is the total
surface area of all the pieces?
C.If you split into cubes 1 mm (10-3
m) on a side, what is the
total surface area?
D.If you split into cubes 1 micron on a side (10-6
m) what is the
total surface area?
E.If you split into cubes 1 nanometer (10-9
m) what is the total
surface area?
(for each answer, try to come up with an intuitive way of
describing the area : tennis courts, football fields etc.)

20. 20
• The nanoscale is more interesting than the atomic scale
because the nanoscale is the first point where we can
assemble something -- it's not until we start putting
atoms together that we can make anything useful.
(Nobel Prize winner Dr. Horst
Störmer)

21. 21
• At the nano level materials begin to demonstrate
entirely new chemical and physical
properties.
.
• Materials can be stronger, lighter and highly
soluble , reducing of melting point ……
• By manipulating the arrangement of atoms nanotechnology may be able
to create many new materials and devices .

22. 22

23. 23
Van der Waals forceVan der Waals force
• An attractive force between atoms or molecules.
• Not the result of chemical bond formation, much weaker
• Responsible for some material properties: crystal structure,
melting points, boiling points, surface tension, and densities.
Ref):http://www.lclark.edu/~autumn/climbing/climb.html

24. 24
Nano-adhesion mechanism of Gecko
∗ Many hypotheses
- Suction: Gadow, 1901
- Electrostatics: Schmidt, 1904
- Friction: Madhendra, 1941
- Micro-interlocking:
Madhendra, 1941
- Capillary wet adhesion

25. 25
Gecko’s foot structure
Ref):http://www.lclark.edu/~autumn/climbing/climb.html
Kellar et al, “Adhesive force of a single gecko foot-hair,” Nature, 405, 681-685 (2000)

26. 26

27. 27
The next “Big Thing” is very, very, very small!
“Nanotechnology is an enabling
technology that will change the
nature of almost every human-
made object in the next century.”
This means… anything manufactured in Oklahoma will be
impacted by nanotechnology and it is happening more
quickly than most people might think!

28. 28
WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?
* 1 millimeter = 1,000 micrometers;
1 micrometer = 1,000 nanometers
Source: "Nanotech: The Tiny Revolution" by CMP Científica
(November 2001)
Structures
(e.g.materials)
Devices
(e.g. sensors)
Systems
(e.g. NEMS)
Nanotechnology is the
manipulation of matter at the
nanometer* scale to create novel
structures, devices and systems.

29. 29
Nanotechnology …
• is already making today’s products:
– Lighter
– Stronger
– Faster
– Smaller
– More Durable

30. 30
‫دددددد‬ ‫ددددددد‬ ‫ددد‬
‫دددددددد‬
 Top down
 Bottom up
 Functional

31. 31

32. Top-down approaches
These seek to create smaller
devices by using larger ones to
direct their assembly.
Many technologies descended from
conventional solid-state silicon methods for
fabricating microprocessors are now capable of
creating features smaller than 100 nm, falling under
the definition of nanotechnology.
100
Photolithography.

33. Bottom-up approaches

DNA nanotechnology.
An example of a molecular self assembly through
hydrogen bonds.

34. ‫ددددددد‬ ‫دددددددد‬ ‫ددد‬
Functional approaches
.



35. Nanotechnology Applications
Information Technology Energy
Medicine Consumer Goods
• Smaller, faster, more
energy efficient and
powerful computing
and other IT-based
systems
• More efficient and cost
effective technologies for
energy production
− Solar cells
− Fuel cells
− Batteries
− Bio fuels
• Foods and beverages
−Advanced packaging materials,
sensors, and lab-on-chips for
food quality testing
• Appliances and textiles
−Stain proof, water proof and
wrinkle free textiles
• Household and cosmetics
− Self-cleaning and scratch free
products, paints, and better
cosmetics
• Cancer treatment
• Bone treatment
• Drug delivery
• Appetite control
• Drug development
• Medical tools
• Diagnostic tests
• Imaging

36. ‫ددددددد‬ ‫دددد‬
Nanomedicine

37. •
)principles of nanotechnology(
•
)instrumentations(
•
•
•
37

38. 38
•
•1100
•

39. 
39

40. 
40

41. •
•




41

42. Figure 1.1:




42

43. 
43

44. •1100)unique phenomena(novel
applications(“.
44

45. •»nanoscale(
•)imaging(
•)measuring(
•)modeling(
•manipulating(
45

46. 46

47. •nano-analysis()instrumentations(
•
(transmission electron microscope (TEM))
•
(scanning electron microscope (SEM))
•
(atomic force microscope (AFM))
•
((Raman microspectroscopy (Micro-Raman.
47

48. 48

49. 49

50. 50

51. 51

52. ...
52

53. 6.3Trace Evidence...(
53

54. PCR...
54

55. 55

56. 56
Figure 1.10: Equivalent Units

57. Welcome toWelcome to
NanoWorldNanoWorld!!
Figure 1.26: Robot image.
Summary
Nanotechnology is ubiquitous and pervasive. It is an emerging
field in all areas of science, engineering and technology.

58. Nanotechnology
TECHNOLOGIES
Nanomaterials
Nanolithography
Scanning Probe
Microscopy
Self-Assembly
APPLICATIONS
Super fast/small computers
Super strong materials
Super Slippery Materials
Tissue Engineering
Drug Delivery
Sensors

59. Materials Science: Nanomaterials
Human Made
Materials
Biologically
made materials

60. Calcium Carbonate

61. Calcium phosphate
Hydroxyapatite
Calcite
Silica

62. 10 µm

63. Superhydrophobic Surfaces:
The Lotus Effect

64. Carbon
Nanotubes
CHIN WEE SHONG : AgS2 cubes
National University of Singapore
Department of Chemistry
Quantum dots

65. Carbon Nanotubes
Buckminster
Fullerene C60
Smalley, Curl,
Kroto. Nobel Prize

66. Graphein: (Greek) to write
Graphite
Diamond
Nanotube
Buckyball
The Forms of Carbon

67. Nanotubes have chiralityNanotubes have chirality
Carbon Nanotubes:
Cylinders of Sheet Lattices
Multiwall CNT=Nested tubesMultiwall CNT=Nested tubes

68. What’s the big deal about
carbon nanotubes???
• Amazing Mechanical Properties
• Amazing Electrical Properties:
– Can be conductors or semiconductors
– Could be the building block of nanocomputing

69. What are atoms ?
How big are they?
How well can we “see” them?
• Atoms are roughly 2-5 Angstroms in dimensio
2-5 * 10 -10
m
Take a millimeter and divide it into 1000 parts:
micron 10-6
m
Take one micron and divide it into 1000 parts:
nanometer 10-9
m
Take one nanometer and divide in 10 parts:
angstrom 10-10
m
~1Ǻ

70. Nano: The Middle Ground
“Macroscopic” Scale
Galactic Scale
“Microscopic” Scale
Molecular / Atomic Scale
Subatomic scale:
Nuclear Physics
Partical Physics
atoms
Nanoscale

71. Nano: The Middle
Ground
Galactic
“
Macroscopic
”
“
Microscopic
”
“
Nanoscopic
”
Molcular/AtomicSca
Subatomic/Nu
Par
? ?
10
20
m
10 10
m
10 1
m 10 -6
m
10 -9
m
10 -15
m
10 -10
m
?

72. What are atoms ?
How big are they?
How well can we “see” them?
• Atoms are roughly 2-5 Angstroms in dimensio
2-5 * 10 -10
m
Take a millimeter and divide it into 1000 parts:
micron 10-6
m
Take one micron and divide it into 1000 parts:
nanometer 10-9
m
Take one nanometer and divide in 10 parts:
angstrom 10-10
m
~1Ǻ

73. Nano: The Middle Ground
“Macroscopic” Scale
Galactic Scale
“Microscopic” Scale
Molecular / Atomic Scale
Subatomic scale:
Nuclear Physics
Partical Physics
atoms
Nanoscale

74. Nano: The Middle
Ground
Galactic
“
Macroscopic
”
“
Microscopic
”
“
Nanoscopic
”
Molcular/AtomicScaleSubatomic/NuclearParticle
? ?
10
20
m
10 10
m
10 1
m 10 -6
m
10 -9
m
10 -15
m
10 -10
m
?

75. Atomic Manipulation
Scanning
Probe Tip
Atom

76. Handmaking Molecules!
Wilson Ho
UC, Irvine.

77. Nanoscience vs.
Nanotechnology
Nanoscience:
exploring and
studying the properties
of the nanoscale
Applying the unique
properties of the
nanoscale to technology

78. What has enabled Nanoscie?
•Advances in Computing Power
•New Generation of Scientific Instruments
Scanning Probe Microscopes
An incomplete list. . . .
Very Sharp Tip scans over
sample surface
Scanning Tunneling Mic. (STM(
Atomic Force Mic. (AFM(
Magnetic Force Mic. (MFM(
Near Field Scanning Optical Mic. (NSOM(
ATOMIC RESOLUTION
Why Nano now?

79. Scanning Probe Mic: Sharp tip
Scanning
Probe Tip
Sample
Sample
Sharp tip
moves over
surface and
measures
some property

80. STM, Nobel Prize 1986
Binnig and Rohrer

81. STM images, Examples
http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/hillchem3/medialib/media_portfolio/07.html

82. AFM images: Adenovirus
Viral DNA
Atsuko Negishi
UNC Mat. Sci.