nanomaterial intro

1. • Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology at the nanoscale,
which is about 1 to 100 nanometers.
• Nanotechnology is the study and application of extremely small things and
is used across all other science fields, such as chemistry, biology, physics,
materials science, and engineering.
• In the International System of Units, the prefix “nano” means one-billionth,
or 10^(-9) ; so one nanometer is one-billionth of a meter.
• The prefix ‘nano’ is derived from the Greek word for dwarf.

2. Examples to understand nanometer
size:
•A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick.
• A strand of hair is 80,000 –100,000 nanometers in
diameter.
•There are 25,400,000 nanometers per inch.
• Your fingernails grow about one nanometer per
second!

3. NANOSCIENCE
• Nanoscience is the study of
phenomena and manipulation of
materials at atomic, molecular
and macromolecular scales, where
properties differ significantly from
those at a larger scale.
NANOTECHNOLOGY
• Nanotechnologies are the
design, characterization,
production and application of
structures, devices and systems
by controlling shape and size at
nanometer scale.

5. APPLICATIONSOF
NANOTECHNOLOGY
• Food Industry : Food processing and food packaging
• Cosmetics and Paints.
• Electronics
• Biotechnology
• Agriculture
• Textile
• Defense and Security
• Energy Storage : Fuel cell , Solar cells , Batteries, Bio fuels
• Medical and Healthcare : Cancer treatment, Bone treatment,
Drug delivery ,Diagnostic tests, Imaging, Drug developments

6. NANOTECHNOLOGYDEVICES
Electronics :
o Nano transistors
o Nano diodes
o OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diode)
Atomic Force Microscopes (AFM) : AFM Tips, Probes , Cantilevers
Scanning Electron Microscopes(SEM)
Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM)
Carbon nanotubes

7. PROPERTIES OF NANOTECHNOLGY
•Optical
•Chemical : Structural formula , molecular structure ,
composition of nanomaterials.
•Magnetic
•Electrical
•Physical : Size , shape , specific area .
•Quantum effects

8. Material Characterization Technique
• Spectroscopic Analysis (UV-Visible Spectroscopy)
• Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM) : Growth kinetics
• Dynamic Light Scattering
• Zeta Potential : For Surface charge
• Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) : 3D Visualisation
• X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) : Use to find structural properties ,
elemental-chemical composition , Crystal structure

9. Manufacturing methodof nanomaterial
• Top-down method
Top down methods involve taking a
larger bulk material and breaking it
up, shearing it, cleaving it and using
a significant amount of mechanical,
thermal or chemical energy to
transform the material into particles
in the nanoscale range.
• Bottom-up method
Bottom-up methods are methods which
build up the atomic structure from
scratch by depositing atoms under
certain conditions to build a desired
structure. These are often self-assembly
methods. Because the growth often forms
periodically, and certain crystal networks
are formed as a result, many of these
methods are often termed nucleation-
growth methods—which stems from the
initial formation of an ‘atomic nucleus’
from which the rest of the structure
grows from.