#History #computers

1. HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
BY
P.SAI KIRAN
158T5A0504

2. • 3000 B.C.: The Abacus
– The original mechanical counting device
The History of Computing

3. 1623-1662: Blaise Pascal
French mathematician
and philosopher
Built the Pascaline in
1642

4. 1642: The Pascaline
A counting-wheel design
A single revolution of
one wheel would
engage gears that
turned the wheel one
tenth of a revolution to
its immediate left

5. 1801: Jacquard’s loom
Frenchman Joseph-
Marie Jacquard (1753-
1871)
Weaving loom
The first significant use
of binary automation

6. 1793-1871: Charles
Babbage
Envisioned a steam-
powered difference
engine and then an
analytical engine

7. 1842: Babbage’s
Difference Engine and
the Analytical Engine

8. 1816-1852: Lady Ada
Augusta Lovelace
Punched cards could be
prepared to instruct
Babbage’s engine to
repeat certain
operations
The first programmer

9. 1860-1929: Herman
Hollerith
Devised a punched-card
tabulating machine to
speed up the 1890 U.S.
census

10. 1890: Hollerith’s
Tabulating Machine
Used a hand punch to
enter data onto cards

11. Punched Card Office

12. First Generation Computers
The first electronic computer
was designed at Iow State
between 1939-1942
The Atanasoff-Berry Computer
used the binary system(1’s and
0’s).
Contained vacuum tubes and
stored numbers for calculations
by burning holes in paper

13. 1946: The Electronic ENIAC
Computer
Dr. John W. Mauchly (middle)
collaborated with J. Presper
Ecjert, Jr. (foreground) at the
University of Pennsylvania to
develop a machine that
would compute trajectory
tables for the U.S. Army.
Used vacuum tubes
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer)

14. THE STORED PROGRAM COMPUTER
• In 1945 John von Neumann presented his idea of a computer that would
store computer instructions in a CPU
• The CPU(Central Processing Unit) consisted of elements that would control
the computer electronically
The EDVAC, EDSAC and UNIVAC were the first computers to use
the stored program concept
They used vacuum tubes so they were too expensive and too large
for households to own and afford

15. PROBLEMS WITH THE ENIAC
• The ENIAC used 18,000 vacuum tubes to
hold a charge
• Vacuum tubes were so notoriously
unreliable that even twenty years later
many neighborhood drug stores provided
a "tube tester"

16. SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS
• In 1947, the transistor
was invented
• The transistor made
computers smaller, less
expensive and
increased calculating
speeds.
• Second generation
computers also saw a
new way data was
stored
• Punch cards were
replaced with magnetic
tapes and reel to reel
machines

17. • 1954: The IBM 650
– IBM’s first entry into the commercial computer
market was the IBM 701 in 1953
– IBM 650, introduced in 1954, was designed as a
logical upgrade to existing punched-card
machines

18. • 1958: The First Integrated Circuit
– The first integrated circuit, a phase-shift oscillator,
was invented in 1958 by Jack S. Kilby of Texas
Instruments.

19. • 1964: BASIC-More Than a Beginner’s
Programming Language
– Dr. Thomas Kurtz and Dr. John Kemeny of
Dartmouth College developed a programming
language that a beginner could learn and use
quickly

20. THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS
• Transistors were replaced
by integrated circuits(IC)
• One IC could replace
hundreds of transistors
• This made computers
even smaller and faster.

21. • 1976: The Apple I
– Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, along with Ronald
G. Wayne formed the Apple Computer Company

22. • 1981: The IBM PC
– IBM tossed its hat into the personal computer ring
with its announcement of the IBM Personal
Computer

23. FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
• In 1970 the Intel
Corporation invented the
Microprocessor:an entire
CPU on one chip
• This led to
microcomputers-
computers on a desk

24. • 1984: The Macintosh and Graphical
User Interfaces
– Apple Computer introduced the Macintosh
desktop computer with a very friendly graphical
user interface

25. PERSONAL COMPUTERS TO
SUPERCOMPUTERS
• Personal Computer (PC)
– Desktop PC

26. “THERE IS NO SPECIAL EDUCATION AND
TECHNOLOGIES HERE WE ARE JUST
STUDYING OUR EARLIER SCIENTIST
THOUGHTS AND THEIR WORKS”.
THA