Early diagnosis and management of Dementia - Dementia affects 5-10% of people over 65 years old and 50% of people over 85 years old. The number of people with dementia is expected to increase to 131 million by 2050 worldwide. - Dementia is defined as a chronic loss of cognitive abilities caused by brain disease or injury. Diagnosis involves taking a medical history focusing on the nature, magnitude, and course of cognitive changes as well as evaluating other medical conditions, medications, and family history. - Diagnostic tests include cognitive assessments, blood tests, brain scans, and PET CT scans to identify the underlying cause and rule out other conditions. Early diagnosis allows for earlier treatment and management of symptoms.

1. Early diagnosis and
management of Dementia
Dr.Varun Kataria

2. Why this topic?
• AD affects 5% to 10% of people older than 65 years and 50% of those aged
85years
• Worldwide, approximately 47 million people have dementia, and this
number is expected to increase to 131 million by 2050

3. Definition
• Dementia is defined by chronic, acquired loss of cognitive abilities caused by
brain disease or injury

4. Criterias

8. Diagnosis
History - nature, magnitude, and course of cognitive changes
• ”Nature” refers to the cognitive domains affected. Is there loss of episodic memory
(eg, what the patient did that morning, yesterday, and last week) or language
abilities (eg, word-finding difficulties with circumlocutions)?
• “Magnitude” refers to severity: does the cognitive loss affect daily functions.
• “Course of cognitive changes” refers to the temporal course of the symptoms,
including speed of onset and pattern of progression.
• Other medical conditions (DMT2, HTN, h/o CVA, trauma, coexisting Parkinsons)
• Use of medications that can impair cognition (eg, sleep aids and anxiolytics such as
benzodiazepines; analgesics such as codeine-containing agents; anticholinergics
such as tricyclic antidepressants and bladder antimuscarinics)
• Family history

10. Less sensitive to the presence of MCI and
less thoroughly evaluates the domains of
executive function, higher-level language
skills, and complex visuospatial processing

14. PET CT

17. Thank you