CONTEMPORARY INDIAN SCHOOLS Types of schools Types of Indian schools and their functions. Few problems regarding Indian schools.

1. CONTEMPORARY
INDIAN SCHOOLS

2. ● “India with more than 1.4 million schools
and more than 230 million enrolments, is
home to one of the largest and complex
school education systems in the world
along with China”
-British
Council

3. Types of Schools
Public government schools : Most of the schools in India are
funded, and run by government. However, the public education
system faces serious challenges including a lack of adequate
infrastructure, insufficient funding, a shortage of staff and scarce
facilities.
● Private schools : Some Indian parents aspire to send their
children to a private school because government schools do not
provide adequate education.
● International schools : There are international schools in all major
cities. They are attended by expatriates and Indian children.

4. ● National open schools : Private education upto the
higher secondary level for children whose schooling
has been interrupted and have been unable to
complete formal education.
● Special-needs schools : Provide non-formal
education and vocational training to children with
disabilities.

5. BRITISH COUNCIL, INDIA SURVEY OF INDIAN
SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM, 2O14
1. Segmentation by Means of Levels of Education :
● Private Play Schools for children between the ages
of 18 months and three years.
● Kindergartens for pre-schools education. At this
level, education is not compulsory. These schools are
divided into lower kindergarten (for three to four-
year-olds) and upper kindergarten (for four-to-five
year olds).
● Primary schools which cater for six-to-ten-year
olds. Education is compulsory and free.

6. ● Middle schools for 11 to 14-year olds ; sixth to eighth
standard/class.
● Secondary (High) Schools for 14 to 15 year olds ; ninth
and tenth standard/class/grade.
● Higher Secondary for 16-to-17-year old ; 11th and 12th
standard/class/grade.

8. 2. Segmentation by means of Ownership of
Educational Institutions
● Schools owned by the government : These are run by
the Central Government or state governments, public
sector undertaking or autonomic organizations.
● Schools owned by the private sector :
Private-aided institutions
Private unaided institutions

10. 3. Segmentation by means of Educational Board Affiliations
(a) National Boards
1. Central Board of Secondary Education(CBSE) :
Established in 1962
Affiliation to both public and private schools
2. Council of Indian School Certificate Examination (CISCE) :
Established in 1956
Private, non-government educational board
3. State Government Boards : majority of Indian schools are
affiliated with the state government boards. e.g. PSEB,
HSEB etc.
4. National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) :
Established in 1989
Distance education to remote areas

11. (b) International Boards
1. International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO)
Founded in 1968 in Geneva
109 IB schools in India with 3 IB programs
2. Cambridge International Examination (CIE)
Examination board under Cambridge University
310 CIE schools in India AS and A level exams.

12. TYPES OF SCHOOLS IN CONTEMPARORY
INDIA AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
1. Air Force Schools in India : These schools follow CBSE
pattern of education
2. Army / Military Schools or Army public Schools in India :
public schools directly under Ministry of Defence, India
managed by Army Welfare Education Society (AWES).
Follows CBSE pattern
3. Catholic Schools in India :
meant for Christian community
admits children from other religions also
4. International Schools in India : These schools have been
established especially for children of international Personnel

13. 5. Kendriya Vidyalayas in India : These are central government
schools under MHRD managed by Kendriya Vidyalaya
Sangathan. These are co-educational schools affiliated to CBSE.
6. Navodaya Vidyalayas in India : These are fully financed by
Government of India and managed by Navodaya Vidyalaya
Samiti under MHRD. These were setup with National Policy on
Education 1986. Admission to these Vidyalayas at class XI level
are filled through an All India Level Selection Test.
7. Schools for Deaf and Dumb in India : Some Schools for Deaf
and Dumb are run by Government like Government School For
Deaf & Dumb – Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala) ,while some by
private organizations like Vatika High School for Deaf and
Dumb, Chandigarh.

14. 8. Schools for Physically Challenged in India : These are
mostly managed by NGO’s and also run by government as
well.
9. Schools for Gifted Children in India : These are for those
who have a high IQ level.
10. Schools for the Blind in India : Schools for Blind provide
appropriate education, rehabilitation, intervention,
training to provide awareness, empowerment and
employment.

15. A few problems
1. Low Quality : The actual quantity of schooling that children
experience and the quality of teaching they receive are
extremely insufficient in government schools.
2. Education Creating Income Inequalities : Education which
is a source of human capital can create wide income
inequalities. Surprisingly income inequalities are created
within same group of educated people.
3. Enhancing the Quality of Education in Government
Schools : All children should have access to government
schools. Through Common Schooling limited resources can
be utilized in efficient way.

16. 4. Poor Quality of Teachers : Government currently spends
only 3% of its GDP on education. To improve quality of
education, the govt. needs to spend more
5. 80% of schools are managed by government. Private
schools are expensive.
6. More hands to earn remains the mentality amongst many
families and little kids are set out to fend for family.

17. 7. Infrastructure facilities in schools across rural areas and
in slums dispense very poor quality of education.
8. Some teachers are not well qualified and not willing to
work hard enough.