Arable farming is influenced by various physical, human, and environmental factors. The main physical factors that influence arable farming are relief, climate, soils, and biotic factors. Relief and climate must be suitable for crop cultivation. Botswana's semi-arid climate and gently undulating land make arable farming difficult. Human factors like access to capital, labor markets, land ownership policies, and government agricultural policies also influence what crops farmers can grow and whether their farms will be profitable. The suitability of soils and threats from biotic agents such as pests and diseases further impact what is grown. Together, these factors determine what crops can be successfully cultivated in different areas.