The document discusses trends in agriculture that have led to unsustainable practices and their negative environmental and human impacts. It defines sustainable agriculture as a system that can produce food indefinitely without causing irreversible environmental damage. Traditional and modern methods are outlined, along with the goals of minimizing impacts while maintaining production levels. Organic farming is distinguished from sustainable practices. Both positive and challenges to politics and economics that can help or hinder sustainable agriculture are presented.
Chapter 3 reword1. In what ways does industrialized farming affe.docxwalterl4
Chapter 3 reword
1. In what ways does industrialized farming affect ecological integrity?
Answer: As American agriculture has become more industrial, it has become increasingly dependent on fossil energy and other finite natural resources. The total food system currently claims about twenty-percent of all fossil energy used in the U.S., with farming accounting for about one-third of the total percentage. In fact, our industrial food system requires about ten calories of fossil energy for every calorie of food energy produced. Supplies of fossil energy are finite, and there is a growing consensus that fossil energy in the future will be far less plentiful and costlier.
Pollution represents negative energy, in that it destroys the usefulness of other energy resources or requires energy to mitigate its negative impacts. Industrial agriculture pollutes the air, water, and soil with toxic agrochemicals and livestock manure. It is a major source of pollution, accounting for more than twenty-percent of total greenhouse gas emissions, even more than transportation. In fact, agriculture has become the number one nonpoint source of pollution in the U.S., creating huge dead zones in the Chesapeake Bay and Gulf of Mexico. An industrial agriculture is not ecologically sustainable.
Industrial agriculture also is a significant contributor to the depletion of social energy. Farm workers today are among the lowest paid workers in the U.S., while working under dangerous and disagreeable conditions, most without adequate health care or other fringe benefits. A growing reliance on migrant farm workers also creates cultural and political conflicts, particularly in times when good paying jobs are few. Many farm families fare little better, as independent farmers are periodically forced out of business to make room for further corporate consolidation. Therefore, rural communities in agricultural areas have suffered decades of economic and social decline and decay.
2. The concept of ecosystem services is gaining increasing recognition. What are some of the most important ecosystem services provided by agriculture? To what extent do you think a threatened loss of ecosystem services can drive change in policy and practice? Why?
Answer: Ecosystem services are defined as “the benefits provided by ecosystems to humans”. Many key ecosystem services provided by biodiversity, such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, pest regulation and pollination, sustain agricultural productivity. Promoting the healthy functioning of ecosystems ensures the resilience of agriculture as it intensifies to meet growing demands for food production. Climate change and other stresses have the potential to make major impacts on key functions, such as pollination and pest regulation services. Learning to strengthen the ecosystem linkages that promote resilience and to mitigate the forces that impede the ability of agro-ecosystems to deliver goods and services remains an important challenge..
Learn About A Few Benefits Of Sustainable Farming As Per Benedict T Palen Jr....Benedict T. Palen, Jr
Benedict T Palen Jr - As an alternative to traditional agricultural methods, sustainable farming has attracted a lot of interest lately. It is a multifaceted strategy for food production that takes into account economic, social, and environmental factors.
Sustainable Practices That Can Save Future Farming, As Per Benedict T Palen J...Benedict T. Palen, Jr
The future of farming is in a crucial phase due to the continued increase in global population and the additional problems posed by climate change. According to Benedict t palen Jr The practices that can save farming in the future are examined in this article.
Chapter 3 reword1. In what ways does industrialized farming affe.docxwalterl4
Chapter 3 reword
1. In what ways does industrialized farming affect ecological integrity?
Answer: As American agriculture has become more industrial, it has become increasingly dependent on fossil energy and other finite natural resources. The total food system currently claims about twenty-percent of all fossil energy used in the U.S., with farming accounting for about one-third of the total percentage. In fact, our industrial food system requires about ten calories of fossil energy for every calorie of food energy produced. Supplies of fossil energy are finite, and there is a growing consensus that fossil energy in the future will be far less plentiful and costlier.
Pollution represents negative energy, in that it destroys the usefulness of other energy resources or requires energy to mitigate its negative impacts. Industrial agriculture pollutes the air, water, and soil with toxic agrochemicals and livestock manure. It is a major source of pollution, accounting for more than twenty-percent of total greenhouse gas emissions, even more than transportation. In fact, agriculture has become the number one nonpoint source of pollution in the U.S., creating huge dead zones in the Chesapeake Bay and Gulf of Mexico. An industrial agriculture is not ecologically sustainable.
Industrial agriculture also is a significant contributor to the depletion of social energy. Farm workers today are among the lowest paid workers in the U.S., while working under dangerous and disagreeable conditions, most without adequate health care or other fringe benefits. A growing reliance on migrant farm workers also creates cultural and political conflicts, particularly in times when good paying jobs are few. Many farm families fare little better, as independent farmers are periodically forced out of business to make room for further corporate consolidation. Therefore, rural communities in agricultural areas have suffered decades of economic and social decline and decay.
2. The concept of ecosystem services is gaining increasing recognition. What are some of the most important ecosystem services provided by agriculture? To what extent do you think a threatened loss of ecosystem services can drive change in policy and practice? Why?
Answer: Ecosystem services are defined as “the benefits provided by ecosystems to humans”. Many key ecosystem services provided by biodiversity, such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, pest regulation and pollination, sustain agricultural productivity. Promoting the healthy functioning of ecosystems ensures the resilience of agriculture as it intensifies to meet growing demands for food production. Climate change and other stresses have the potential to make major impacts on key functions, such as pollination and pest regulation services. Learning to strengthen the ecosystem linkages that promote resilience and to mitigate the forces that impede the ability of agro-ecosystems to deliver goods and services remains an important challenge..
Learn About A Few Benefits Of Sustainable Farming As Per Benedict T Palen Jr....Benedict T. Palen, Jr
Benedict T Palen Jr - As an alternative to traditional agricultural methods, sustainable farming has attracted a lot of interest lately. It is a multifaceted strategy for food production that takes into account economic, social, and environmental factors.
Sustainable Practices That Can Save Future Farming, As Per Benedict T Palen J...Benedict T. Palen, Jr
The future of farming is in a crucial phase due to the continued increase in global population and the additional problems posed by climate change. According to Benedict t palen Jr The practices that can save farming in the future are examined in this article.
Benedict T Palen Jr - The Urgent Need For Increased Awareness In Sustainable ...Benedict T. Palen, Jr
Benedict T Palen Jr - As the globe grapples with climate change, environmental degradation, and a growing global population, sustainable farming has emerged as a critical option to assure food security and conserve our planet's resources.
Embracing Sustainable Farming For A Flourishing Agricultural Future As Per Th...Benedict T. Palen, Jr
Benedict t palen Jr thinks by focusing on long-haul feasibility over momentary increases, economical cultivating rehearses offer a way towards a versatile and flourishing horticultural future.
Agriculture sustainability and food security is our insurance policy for futu...Howard Barmil
This is an academic lecture and discussion which was done at the University of Jordan in college of agriculture; this lecture was made for the PHD candidates.
Sustainable agriculture is the system of farming (cultivating land, harvesting and selling farm products), while enhancing wise rural land development in concert with community interests and environmental protection. We must meet the needs of the present without jeopardizing or compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Understanding sustainability.
We must envision the broadest sense; it starts at the individual farm, and ends at the consumer’s table going through the full cycle of the ecosystem (farmers, farmworkers, consumers, policymakers and others). An emphasis on this ecosystem circle allows a larger and more thorough view of the consequences of farming practices on both human communities and the environment. A systematic approach gives us the tools to explore the interconnections between all agents in this ecosystem cycle.
Learn A Few Benefits Of Sustainable Farming By Benedict T Palen Jr Benedict T. Palen, Jr
Sustainable farming is a method of agriculture that aims to produce food while preserving the natural resources that support it. The goal of sustainable farming, according to Benedict t palen Jr is to minimize the impact of farming on the environment while maximizing the efficiency and productivity of agricultural practices.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Benedict T Palen Jr - The Urgent Need For Increased Awareness In Sustainable ...Benedict T. Palen, Jr
Benedict T Palen Jr - As the globe grapples with climate change, environmental degradation, and a growing global population, sustainable farming has emerged as a critical option to assure food security and conserve our planet's resources.
Embracing Sustainable Farming For A Flourishing Agricultural Future As Per Th...Benedict T. Palen, Jr
Benedict t palen Jr thinks by focusing on long-haul feasibility over momentary increases, economical cultivating rehearses offer a way towards a versatile and flourishing horticultural future.
Agriculture sustainability and food security is our insurance policy for futu...Howard Barmil
This is an academic lecture and discussion which was done at the University of Jordan in college of agriculture; this lecture was made for the PHD candidates.
Sustainable agriculture is the system of farming (cultivating land, harvesting and selling farm products), while enhancing wise rural land development in concert with community interests and environmental protection. We must meet the needs of the present without jeopardizing or compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Understanding sustainability.
We must envision the broadest sense; it starts at the individual farm, and ends at the consumer’s table going through the full cycle of the ecosystem (farmers, farmworkers, consumers, policymakers and others). An emphasis on this ecosystem circle allows a larger and more thorough view of the consequences of farming practices on both human communities and the environment. A systematic approach gives us the tools to explore the interconnections between all agents in this ecosystem cycle.
Learn A Few Benefits Of Sustainable Farming By Benedict T Palen Jr Benedict T. Palen, Jr
Sustainable farming is a method of agriculture that aims to produce food while preserving the natural resources that support it. The goal of sustainable farming, according to Benedict t palen Jr is to minimize the impact of farming on the environment while maximizing the efficiency and productivity of agricultural practices.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
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Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2. Trends
The onset of the industrial age brought about various trends that have led us to
our present state.
The quick rise in population.
More people to feed.
The greater need for production.
Farms required to produce more.
The increase in urbanism.
Less farms to do more work.
Wide-spread ecological impacts.
Faith in technological, political
and economic fixes.
Today, “less developed countries” are following a similar trend.
Many farmers in these countries choose to grow cash crops rather than
subsistence crops.
Regions reliant upon cash crops tend to develop adverse, long term
environmental problems.
3. Negative Impacts
Our current mass production style of farming has resulted in numerous
negative side-affects:
Environmental damages
Reduced biodiversity
Habitat destruction
Deforestation
Water, air and soil pollution
Salinization, desertification
Decline in water resources
and land subsidence
Human impacts
Farm land destruction
Damage to soil fertility
Reduced nutritional value of food
Decreased economic, social and cultural values
For the past several years research has looked at sustainable agriculture
as a potential solution to correct and prevent these problems.
4. Defined
Sustainable agriculture was addressed by Congress in the Food,
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990. Under that law, the
term sustainable agriculture means “an integrated system of plant and
animal production practices having a site-specific application that will,
over the long term:
satisfy human food and fiber needs
enhance environmental quality and the natural resource base upon
which the agricultural economy depends
make the most efficient use of non-renewable resources and on-farm
resources and integrate, where appropriate, natural biological cycles
and controls
sustain the economic viability of farm operations
enhance the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole."
5. Goal
The goal of sustainable agriculture is to
minimize adverse impacts to the immediate
and off-farm environments while providing
a sustained level of production and profit.
Inherent to this goal is the understanding
that sustainability must be extended not
only globally, but indefinitely in time, and
to all living organisms including humans.
Simply stated, sustainable agriculture refers to the ability of a farm to
produce food indefinitely, without causing irreversible damage to
ecosystem health.
6. Traditional Methods
Water harvesting and rainfall. Today 80% of crop production
worldwide relies on rainfall.
Meso-American farms are often looked upon as proof of past
functioning sustainable agricultural systems.
Crop Rotation
Natural Fertilizers
Raised Fields
Terraces
Irrigation Canals
Swamps/Lakes
Home Gardens
Tree Culture
7. Today’s Methods
Today, sustainable farming practices commonly include:
crop rotations that mitigate weeds, disease, insect and other pest problems;
provide alternative sources of soil nitrogen; reduce soil erosion; and reduce
risk of water contamination by agricultural chemicals.
pest control strategies that are not harmful to natural systems or people,
which include techniques that reduce the need for pesticides by practices
such as scouting, use of resistant cultivars, timing of planting, and
biological pest controls.
increased mechanical/biological weed control.
soil and water conservation practices.
strategic use of animal and green manures.
use of natural or synthetic inputs in a way that
poses no significant hazard to man, animals,
or the environment.
8. A. Crop rotation keeps the soil healthy.
B. Mixed farms allows the uses of livestock manure.
C. Conserving natural areas protects our environment.
D. Small changes in practices can help, rather than harm, the environment.
E. Grass-fed livestock control weeds without chemicals or mowing.
F. Science can determine the right amount of fertilizers and pesticides.
G. Farming removes nutrients and fertilizers or manures replace them.
H. Farming multiple crops allows farmers to reduce their financial risks by
having multiple products to sell.
9. Rules and Regulations
While the goal of sustainable
agriculture is similarly defined by
numerous organizations, there are
no strictly defined rules or
regulations for farmers to abide by.
There are standards and
certifications for organic farming,
which has similarities to
sustainable agriculture, but the two
not synonymous.
10. Organic vs. Sustainable
Organic farming excludes the use of synthetic inputs, such as
synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and GMOs,
whereas sustainable agriculture does not.
Sustainability aims to balance between what is taken out of the
soil with what is returned to it, without relying on outside
inputs. This is not necessarily a concern of organic farming.
Organic farms constitute only a small percent of farms with a
minor impact on the environment. Sustainable agriculture aims
to make positive changes on all farms.
In the future, large organic farms that rely on machinery and
automation, and purchased inputs, will have similar
sustainability issues that large conventional farms do today.
11. Politics and Economics: Positive
Economic incentives may be used to encourage the use of
more environmentally friendly farming techniques and
technologies.
Sustainable practices can save farmers money because of the
reduced need to buy pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, etc.
Sustainable farms tend to have multiple crops leading to both
financial security and subsistence for the farmer.
Laws, both local and global, could enforce protective
standards.
Education of environmental situations may help farmers to
make better choices.
12. Politics and Economics: Negative
Sustainable development is constrained by economic growth.
The transition from conventional to sustainable farming is
usually costly.
Development is viewed as coinciding with consumption.
There are vast international inequalities of resource
consumption making it hard for many to farm effectively.
Enforcement of environmental regulations may be blocked by
political and/or economic advances.