The von-Neumann architecture, developed by John von Neumann in 1947, is a foundational computer architecture model also known as the shared program model. It defines a self-replicating machine system but is hampered by the von-Neumann bottleneck, which limits system throughput due to sharing a common bus for both data and instructions. The document outlines the architecture's definition, history, and the main problem associated with it.

1. VON-NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE

2. WHAT IS VON-NEUMANN MODEL?
• Von-Neumann Architecture is otherwise called as von-
Neumann model or Princeton architecture and sometimes
even called as shared program model.
• Von-Neumann architecture is one of the two most widely
known computer architectures.

3. HISTORY OF VON-NEUMANN MODEL
• In 1947, john von-Neumann at Princeton laboratories,
developed the first computer system with a computer
architecture called Von-Neumann architecture.

4. WHAT IS VON-NEUMANN MACHINE?
• Formal definition for this can be “ a self replicating machine
or a class of self replicating machines first developed in 1940’s
on the basis of Von-Neumann architecture.

5. MAIN PROBLEM WITH THIS MODEL
• Von-Neumann bottleneck.
• This is an issue in von-Neumann architecture where the
throughput of the computer system is limited. As both the
data and the instructions share the common bus system, the
processor will not perform as it was designed to do so
because there is a time loss in waiting for sharing the system
bus by data as well as instructions.

6. SUMMARY
• What a Von-Neumann Architecture is.
• What a Von-Neumann Machine is.
• Major problem associated with Von-Neumann model.
• History of Von-Neumann architecture.

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