This document discusses the Otto cycle, which is an idealized thermodynamic cycle that models the processes involved in spark ignition piston engines. It describes the four processes that make up the Otto cycle: intake, compression, combustion/power, and exhaust strokes. The cycle involves isentropic compression, constant volume heat addition, isentropic expansion, and constant volume heat rejection. A formula for the thermal efficiency of an Otto cycle engine is also provided.

2.  Introduction
 Four SI Stroke Engine
 Classification of Liquid Crystals
 Description of Liquid Crystals
 Applications of Liquid Crystals

3. Air Standard Cycles
– Assumptions

4.  Intake stroke
 compression stroke
 Combustion or power stroke
 Exhaust stroke

5.  Isentropic Compression
 Constant volume (heat
addition)
 Isentropic expansion
 Constant volume (heat
rejection)
  1)(γOtto
r
1
-1η 


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