Native American Children

Native American Children
1968. Devils Lake Sioux tribal members were concerned with the treatment of Native American
children by local welfare workers. Native American children were frequently removed from their
homes and placed in foster placements and for adoption with individuals that were not of Native
descent. The removal of these children was carried out without discussion with the Native American
community, nor officials of the Tribe. These tragic occurrences shaped the realization that something
had to be done for these children and families. The situations that led to the passage of this
legislation can be tied to the historical background and issues that Native American people faced.
Cultural genocide plagued the American Indian people from the very beginning ... Show more
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It is a piece of federal legislation passed by Congress to protect our American Indian children. Our
American Indian children need protection from the continuing removal from their families and
culture; and placed in an environment where their adoptive parents do not hold the same values and
beliefs that they will hold true as a reflection of Native American culture. Jones illustrated that an
important glance at the history of the American Indian people revealed the reason why this act was
enacted, it is seen that as many as 25–35% of American Indian children were being removed from
their homes and families and retained in non–Indian households. Judges and social workers were not
knowledgeable about American Indian culture; thus failing to recognize the customary child–rearing
practices that American Indians exercised (Jones, 1995, pp. 18–23). With the number of American
Indian children in the social welfare system, the social worker holds an important role. Each
individual that partakes in an adoption will be paired with a social worker. Social workers complete
the home study, facilitate match meetings, provide counseling, and a number of other things
important throughout the adoption process. It is the social worker's role to be an advocate for the
child, to be a voice for the child, to recognize what is in the best interest of the child and to act
accordingly. The passage of this act creates a path for social worker's to take for American Indian
children. It creates a framework to understand American Indian child's needs and background. Prior
to the passage of this act that went ignored. Prior to the passage it was not recognized that American
Indian children need to be raised in an environment that reflects that of their culture. The
relinquishment of those needs is a crime of cultural genocide, a crime that this act was aimed to
change and eliminate. Morrison, Fox,
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Children 's Socialization And Control Of Children Before...
1. What role did the family play in the socialization and control of children before the 1800s?
During the Middle Ages and through the 1500s and 1600s, the family served as the primary unit of
social control. Within the family, power was typically vested in the father, and the mother and the
children were expected to obey his commands. However, the nuclear family of today was relatively
rare in the middle ages. Rather, a typical family consisted of an extended group of related people
and other individuals who were not related. The father, particularly if he was a merchant, might
spend considerable time away from the home. High mortality rates meant that either parent might
have died and been replaced by a stepparent. In addition, servants, apprentices, and journeymen
sometimes lived in the household, and neighbors were often present. Consequently, children were
exposed to a large number of adults who played a role in their socialization and control.
2. What role did children play in the colonization of the New World? Children were counted on to
play an important role in the expansion of European influence and became an integral part of plans
to colonize the New World. Indeed, for some people, the colonization of the New World was viewed
as an opportunity for children to be involved in productive work. Merchants saw children as
potential providers of the labor that would be needed to produce the many goods necessary for
survival in the colonies. Some people felt that work was

Factors Of Juvenile Delinquency
SRP Final Draft
Have you ever been a charged with Juvenile crime behavior? Juvenile Delinquency is cause by a
correlation of factors including environment, parenting, social economic level, and alcohol and drug
abuse. Juvenile delinquency is also caused by the way the child is getting treated at home, or the
separation of both parent and, family conflict & etc. When a parent abuse or lose communication
with the child can also cause delinquency. Crime is one thing kids younger than 18 years of age get
charged with. Most of the young teens that are in a detention center are younger than 18. Juvenile
delinquency is committed by young children, the delinquency of a minor is increasing day by day.
"We cannot always place the blame on parents. But the structure within the family household could
determine the extent of delinquency manifested by a juvenile. Family relationships, duties,
responsibilities and privileges, and the amount of control exercised over children all play roles in
forming character and influencing behavior. The attitudes and actions of parents can create an
important influence in the lives of the children". Wickliffe Joseph. "Teachers Institute".
teachersinstitute.yale.edu/curriculum/units/2000/2/00.02.07.x.html Mistreatment of the child is one
reason why younger kids are charged with juvenile delinquency. When kids are in risk of being
mistreated then they are highly in risk of being a delinquency of a minor. If a child feel like they are
being mistreated it can lead to a child getting into lots of trouble because they feel like nobody cares
about them so you have to show love & affection to that child so they want feel like you don't care
about them. A child parents in strong figure in their life, if the parent is supposed to tech the child
the right behavior & to respect other. If a child feels like they are being mistreated then in can lead
them to becoming a juvenile delinquency. When parents are going through something they shouldn't
take it out on their child or make the child feel like he/she have to stop their life because of a family
conflict. Sometimes when post parents are going through something they show how they feel right
in front or the child so it make the wonders, like "am

American Children Should Be Banned
American businesses are prone to using children to advertise their products. Wether or not it should
be banned, depends on the company's intentions. There are good and bad people in the marketing
industry. The way children think or respond to what they are promoting is their decision. Children's
brains are developing, and many kid's do not know the difference between right or wrong. The only
way using a child to advertise could be harmful, would be if they are promoting violence. Many
children advertise new toy's, clothing, breakfast foods, and new television series' etc. In that,
depending on the humor, cast, and genre could you label it harmful, or not. Both passages mention
that it is only a money making industry, for both the business

The American Juvenile Justice System
The American juvenile justice system had developed over the past century with a number of
variables that makes it different from the adult criminal justice process. Juvenile justice advocates
supports the differences on the youthful offenders. Juvenile crime policy over the course of the
twentieth century talks about transferring the law's conceptions of young offenders. Starting from
the nineteenth century, many of the youths were tried and punished as adults. However, treatment of
juveniles in the United States started to change. Reformers created a way where juveniles can be
housed in special facilities. Their mission was to protect juvenile offenders by separating them from
adults. Juvenile justice system focuses primarily on rehabilitation and help youths avoid a future of
crime. Since then there have been many milestones and historical evolutions that can make juvenile
justice an effective system.
Because there was no real separate court or jail for juveniles in the nineteenth century, juveniles
were treated on the same level as every other adult justice system allowing them susceptible to the
same punishments as adults. In the beginning of the nineteenth century, society changed their views
and how they viewed juvenile offenders. During the early years of the juvenile justice system, three
major milestones have occurred; the child–saving movement, the concept of parens patriae, and the
Illinois Juvenile Court Act. In our modern society, juvenile offenders are now

Does The American Dream And How Does It Affect The...
The innocence of children can make the biggest impact in someone's life. My mother a 4th grade
teacher at Willow Creek Elementary school told me a story about her kids. She explained how her
class got into a conversation about the rules of society. One of her students said that influential
people don't follow the rules. My mother followed up with a question "well how do you know who
is influential in our society"? A kid blurted out "because they are rich they can do whatever they
want". Hearing this story opened my mind to how society favors the rich not just in the worship and
psychological views but in economic and in rules they are allowed to break in America's society.
Most people wouldn't think this would be a bad thing but looking at the treatment of lower class and
how the wage gap keeps increasing between the 1% can and is creating problems that crushes what
all Americans thrive on the "American Dream".
You could ask what the American dream is in the first place. The American Dream website gives a
great explanation "The American Dream ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fact, they have so much they can break the laws and get away with it. While someone that makes
35,000 in a yearly salary can get felony on their record that takes away all opportunities for them to
chase the "American Dream". "In a true plutocracy, you also need a bifurcated legal system, with
one philosophy of justice for the wealthy and another for the little guy" (Holland). Joshua Holland
the host of politics and reality radio and a critically acclaimed writer gave the quote above. A
Plutocracy definition is a government ran by the wealth. America isn't a plutocracy but when
someone who gets busted with drugs gets years on their sentence while someone with power and
money won't even get it put on their record you could place America in a hidden plutocracy. A place
that is unfair a place that isn't what the founders created for the everyday

The Future Of ' Black English ' And Its Academic Impact On...
The Future of 'Black English' and its Academic Impact on African–American Children
Introduction
Language plays a key role in communication in any society, culture and organization. This medium
of social interaction is universal and has been passed down for centuries as a legacy. Therefore, it is
imperative that the purity of the language is kept within each framework of heritage. Culture also
plays a very important role in the evolution of language. It is the foundation of social engagement
and personal commitment. Verbal and non–verbal communication can help define the way in which
intercultural communication is conducted, and is of significance as it allows for individuals to learn
the differences that exist in the language of various cultures. Communication of any magnitude, if
fully achieved can be one of the most rewarding experiences, since by learning the language one
becomes familiar with the culture.
Language in the Black culture has been evolving since the early days of slavery. In those earlier
days slaves were not taught to read or write, so they developed their own language. This was
advantageous because the language allowed them to communicate and helped lead to the success of
the Underground Railroad. For that reason, the Language of the Black culture plays a major role in
the journey through history. The term "Black English" is sometimes referred to as African American
Vernacular English (AAVE) or Black Vernacular English (BVE) and is spoken in a variety

Mexican American Children Research Paper
In October 5, 1904 forty light skin, with fair hair and blue eyes orphans that appeared to be in good
health arrived to Morenci and Clifton, Arizona from New York. These orphan children were a mix of
both sexes and ranging in age from two and half years to five years. This priest was a Frenchman
named Mandin who had only been in the country for eight months. The orphans were under the
charge of Whitney Swayne and accompanied by three nuns named Miss Reynolds, Miss Dixon and
Miss Bowen. This orphans were distributed to Mexican families in Morenci and Clifton, American
families protested that these American children were not to be given to Mexicans families that didn't
even had money to support their own children. Hundreds of Americans gathered

Why Marijuana Is The Common Juvenile Crime Performed By...
Based on the report of Global Youth Justice Organization, the misuse of marijuana is the common
juvenile crime performed by the youth. Marijuana abuse was ranked to be #6 in their list. Teens are
being involved to marijuana use for diverse reasons and this includes poor supervision and
communication of parents, family problems, lack of self– discipline, lack of discipline from parents
or guardians, and family history of marijuana or drug abuse. Other risk factors would be physical
and sexual abuse, emotional problems, curiosity, and peer pressure (GlobalYouthJustice, n.d.).
Drugs have become a part of teen's life. The access to drugs has become easier that why they can
purchase anytime they want. The most common drugs to teens would be ... Show more content on
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Many of the psychological effects depend on the setting in which marijuana is used. When the user
takes it while alone, he or she may feel drowsy and restful. people who take it with other often
become talkative and intellectually stimulated. Marijuana has a marked effect on memory for recent
events. Information learned while "high" is difficult to recall. Conversations can be disjointed
because of an inability to remember what has just been said. Such effects are transient and no
permanent effects appear to occur with occasional marijuana use, but regular high– dose use may
impair memory. Short term effects would abnormal increase of heart frequency, blood flow to other
brain regions, and blood pressure. An individual who ingest marijuana would feel a sense of
relaxation, heightened sensory perception, euphoria, and hilarity. The negative mental effect
includes anxiety, panic attacks, and hallucinations. A lot of users said that they feel lazy after they
smoke marijuana. Marijuana intoxication change the view of time as well as surroundings and
damage reaction time and this affects the driving skill of a person which could lead to motor
accident. Another effect of marijuana is that it would always make a person feel hungry or increase
in appetite, as a result the person will eat large amount of food. It damages the person's learning
skills, and can cause short– term memory. The

Persuasive Essay On Juvenile Justice
When it comes to the age limit of children who go to the juvenile court, and the kind of crimes that
are to be judged by the juvenile court, a lot of controversies are seen. Going into details, we realize
that these controversies originate from the concept that the system wants to make sure that these
children though still in the growing stage end up being changed into better individuals. Adding the
fact that children are the ones to be judged, it makes it more difficult to condemn them because a lot
of factors come to play from psychology to the emotions surrounding the case. But, I will base
myself on the fact that at the end of everything, the most important is that we want these children to
be better individuals and not commit any crimes in the future. Though it is generally accepted that
sending children to a juvenile prison or facility is a better punishment, the juvenile system is not
enough to provide discipline to all the children they receive, hence not necessarily guaranteeing a
better future for these children and the society.
"Curtis was a kid I met several years ago– one of the kids who helped inspire me to write this book
in fact. He'd been locked up at ten years old, for a robbery capping off a criminal career that started
at seven when he was arrested for stabbing a teacher with a pencil. He was sent, at ten, to the CA
Youth Authority, a then notorious institution that held young men up to 24 years old. "Terrified and
petrified" is how Curtis described his

Children In The Juvenile Justice System
Children that are born into poverty and less than desirable conditions are more times than not,
destined to become involved in the juvenile justice system. This may be due the child's destructive
behaviors or for placement out of concern for the child's safety and well–being. Neglect and abuse is
more prevalent in disadvantaged environments and causes sometimes–irreversible emotional
problems. For whatever reason the child enters the system, we know that it is not a place for youth
to grow, be nurtured and become productive members of society.
Drugs are wreaking havoc in our low–income communities. They are taking the men out of the
family equation and leaving women to raise children alone. With no financial or emotional support,
welfare ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There in no reason why anyone in the United States of America should be homeless or hungry, yet
many children go to bed hungry every night and many with no real place to call home. When a child
unfortunately gets involved in the juvenile justice system for whatever reason, we need to make sure
that rehabilitation is the main focus at getting that child back on track. We need to find out the root
causes for the behaviors that brought him to this point and work diligently to try and change them.
Incarceration with out treatment is merely storing bodies. If you don't treat a problem it festers and
becomes an even bigger problem. Delinquency must be handled so as to avoid the adult judicial
system.
Children and young adults usually don't have the mentality to seek and utilize rehabilitative
programs because they usually don't want to acknowledge or don't even realize that they have issues
to be treated. We as adults need to show these troubled youth that we care about them and their
futures, as they will one day become the leaders of our

Native American Indian Children Research Paper
Population American Indian children face a number of significant challenges. Like many other
oppressed populations, many are born into communities that experience widespread of poverty,
substance abuse, domestic violence and chronic health problems at much higher rates than non–
Native communities. Historically, US government policies have tried for years sought to destroy
some characteristic of the American Indian culture, dominion, and way of life contributed greatly to
these tragic circumstances. While many tribes survived this invasion, most are still navigating the
psychological and physical aftermath of practices; many consider to have been cultural genocide.
According to Austin (2009), national statistics have shown that the general ... Show more content on
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The Homebuilders program also provided a framework for the development of family preservation
program, which were introduced into Victoria, Australia, in the early 1990s (Long and Frederico
2014). These programs, was funded by the Department of Human Services and delivered by the
community sector, also had a placement–prevention focus. The programs were specifically designed
to support families at the point when placement of children was considered imminent. Long and
Frederico 2014, explained that the programs were implemented into the community with a
combination of the strengths–based approach to practice strengthen

Child G And The Main Components Of The Phonetic Stage
Child G is 6 years old female and her parents express that she enjoys writing both in school and at
home. Her older sister goes to sleepaway camp during the summer months and so in this piece of
writing Child G talks about her weekend at her sister's camp reunion. This writing is part of a
weekly classroom activity, 'weekend news'. According to Gentry's five stages of spelling
development, Child G's writing suggests she is in the phonetic stage, with some examples of
transitional writing present (Gentry, 1982). In this piece of writing, the spelling of words has been
based on the sounds they hear, one of the main components of the phonetic stage. This is most
evident in the way she has spelt 'reunion,' as 'reyouyen.' This may be understood better by child G
with the use of syllable games, such as clapping as saying words aloud to hear how many syllables
are present. However, Child G does show knowledge of the rules with regards to words ending in 'e,'
which is evident in 'side.' The National Curriculum states that children of this age should understand
such rule (Department for Education, 2013a), which indicates that Child G is progressing into the
transitional stage, and is starting to become less dependent on sounds when writing (Wyse et al.
2013). In order for Child G to sit comfortably in the transitional stage the child's teachers and
parents/carers could use several methods. The 'Look–Cover–Say–Write–Check' method is a popular
technique adopted in schools, an

The Three Factors Of Juvenile Delinquency
In the United States, juvenile delinquency is becoming a major problem in the communities across
the country. Because of the actions that these juveniles engage in on a regular basis, taxpayers across
the country are having to shell out hundreds upon thousands of dollars to rehabilitate these children
in order to help them make better choices. This leads citizens to wonder what factors actually cause
juveniles to live a life of crime rather than success. In short, there are three main factors that often
cause children to live a life of crime. These three factors are social influences, psychological
characteristics, and academic potential.
The first factor that often leads to juvenile delinquency involves the child's social influences within
their communities. The community of individuals that a child is normally around on a normal basis
includes family, friends, and neighbors. Depending on the overall quality of the relationship that the
child has with each member of their community, they maybe more or less inclined to commit
crimes. According to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service, juveniles who experience
abuse or neglect from any member of their community may be more inclined to become deviant
(n.d.). For example, if a father abuses his child, the odds of the child's willing to resort to deviance
becomes significantly higher than a father who treats his son like a normal parent. Another way a
child can be socially exposed to deviance is through example. If a parent is always in a run with law
enforcement on a constant basis, that child may grow up to be just like them simply because that is
how they were raised. The third and final social influence comes outside of the family circle where
the actions that a child's friends partake in can also determine whether or not the child will pursue
acts of deviance. The influence of a friend's actions can either be positive or negative depending on
the values of the friend. For instance, say a child named Johnny hangs around a group of
troublemakers who always wreck havoc, smoke joints, and talk trash about everyone. This kind of
relationship between Johnny and his friends can lead Johnny to becoming just like the
troublemakers because of peer pressure.

American Children Advertising
Fast food companies have made billions exploiting children through enticing advertisements made
to make a child feel the need to buy their product. Moreover, food marketing has now targeted
young children for over 2 generations in the United States. Children are being specifically targeted
from birth by advertising agencies and the reason being that, "Hoping that nostalgic childhood
memories of a brand will lead to a lifetime of purchases, companies now plan 'cradle to grave'
advertising strategies." (Schlosser 43) These ad agencies know the tendencies and psychology of
impressionable children, so by creating a mindset that their brand is special early on in life, they
inexplicably control the entire nation. However, if American children are able to recognize brand
symbols before they can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Happy Meal Sing Movie Toys, McDonald's.) One of the methods used is a catchy sing–along that'll
stick to a young child's mind easily. The repetition of the key phrase "I'd like a Happy Meal" elicits
positive emotions and is easy enough to say for a child to repeat. Also by imprinting the
aesthetically pleasing McDonald's jingle they capture a child's attention and have them associate
McDonald's with, "Ba da ba ba baa... I'm lovin' it!" which is an ingenious slogan that'll ring in a
person's head for hours. The visual direction plays a massive role in swaying the viewer to believe
that going to McDonald's will make them happier via bright warm colors and the obvious appeal
animals have on children. To summarize briefly, McDonald's Sing commercial sways children's
minds by subtly incorporating singing, jingles, and vivid visual direction into a 30–second clip.
Furthermore, it highlights how food marketing starts to control people into becoming addicted
toward a particular product and how advertisements manipulate

American Born Chinese Children Under Chinese Culture
Socialization
–––––– American Born Chinese Children under Chinese Culture
According to the American Heritage Dictionary, socialization is "the process of learning
interpersonal and interactional skills that are in conformity with the values of one 's society"
(American Heritage). It is a process of learning culture. During socialization, children will acquire
attitudes, norms, values, behaviors, personalities, etc. within agencies of socialization, which were
described as "Agencies of socialization are structured groups or contexts within which significant
processes of socialization occur." according to the sociology terminology (Gidden 1). Socialization
always begins very early in life. It starts from childhood and continues ... Show more content on
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The majority of Chinese immigrant families engage in professional careers, such as engineering,
medicine, accounting and research. Being socialized through their parents, many ABC 's expect to
achieve those careers through the higher education. They will be told how decent and wonderful it
would be if their jobs as a doctor or scientist. Also, their parents will reinforce the idea that those
jobs will be useful to a society as well. On the Goldsea website, it is reported that: "young Asian
American infiltrated professional ranks, primarily in medicine, engineering and accounting. The
next few decades saw Asians multiply in those fields, while a small minority ventured into law,
journalism and marketing. But even at the start of the new millennium, most promising Asian
Americans continue crowding into medical and engineering fields, with corporate finance and
management emerging as a serious alternative." (Goldsea 1). While many European Americans
choose business as their careers, the young ABC still engage in the traditional careers due to the
pressures of family and cultural biases.
Chen point out that the traditional Chinese family will train children through conformity (Chen 2).
Under the Chinese immigrant families, what happens to the ABC 's Character regarding conformity?
As to their personality development,

Native Americans And Native American Children
Imagine sitting in your lounge on day, sipping away your coffee with the people you love the most.
Suddenly, someone smacks open your door and claim it to be his/her house and takes away your
family to teach them to live the 'right away'. How would you feel? Similarly, Native Americans were
victimized when Europeans came to the America. But this is one point of view, and there is another
perspective to understand here as well. This issues needs to be addressed in a way that puts forth the
ideologies of both the Native Americans and the European authorities that took over. Upon the
arrival of the Europeans in the US and their attempt to overtake land from the Native Americans,
various movements took place. One of them was the establishment of boarding schools for Native
American children's. They claimed to offer modern English education for better future, as opposed
to their cultural schools. Children were forcefully taken away from their families to boarding
schools where they were forced to cut their hair, pick an English name and even forced to convert to
Christianity. Since, Native children were not familiar with English language; they had trouble
understanding the norms and what was being taught. Children often showed resistance when they
were asked to give up their local practices and lifestyle. Some practices instilled fear American
Indian children as they had deep meanings in their culture. Like cutting hair was a symbol for death
and mourning. Some

Is There A Strong Relationship Between Poverty And...
Mandy Feldbauer
Is There a Strong Relationship Between Poverty and Juvenile Delinquency? There is a lot of
research in the world on whether or not poverty and juvenile delinquency are correlated. Of what
I've seen, the studies suggest that there is, in fact, a relationship between them. Poverty is a serious
issue, and it not only affects the people living in poverty, but it also affects the people around
poverty–ridden neighborhoods. This study will address the issue of poverty on juveniles. Moreover,
it will unveil the problem and review literature on poverty and juvenile delinquency.
The Problem Poverty and low income is a huge issue in the United States. Many people refuse to
believe this because we are "the greatest country" to most people, but poverty really is an issue.
Most of us are just blind to this fact. It's everywhere, in every city, and in our backyards. It affects
everyone, and that is why it is such a huge problem. Before anything can be done about this issue,
we need to open our eyes to it especially if there is a close relationship between it and juvenile
delinquency.
Something needs to be done about the poverty in this country, but it's more complicated than just
giving the poor money. It is a process, so it isn't logical to think it could be fixed easily and in a
quick manner. We should start looking at this issue now, so in the near future, maybe things will get
better. It won't be fixed overnight. Since it's a complicated and gradual

Employment History, Occupation, And Work Schedule
EMPLOYMENT HISTORY, OCCUPATION, AND WORK SCHEDULE
Julio currently stays at home with the children and will not need daycare for a new child in their
home unless he returns to the workforce. During the summer months, Julio worked with his father
doing lawn care and landscaping. Prior to homemaking, he worked for Amazon in Customer Service
as technical support from 2011–2013. Prior to this, Julio worked for Taco Bell from 2006–2011.
Julio has not served in the military.
Kristin currently works for Basin City Elementary as a Teacher and has worked there since 2013.
Her work hours are Monday through Friday, 7:00 a.m. until 3:30 p.m. From 2011 to 2013 she
worked as a substitute teacher for the Pasco School District. Prior to that she stayed at home to care
for their children and work on her education. Kristin has not served in the military.
CULTURE
Julio is Hispanic and speaks Spanish and English fluently. He describes his culture as traditional
Mexican based on Catholic traditions, even though they are not practicing. His family celebrated
national and religious holidays. Julio describes their culture as focused on spending time together as
a family. At Christmas time they would have a traditional gift exchange and summers would include
family reunions.
Julio is open to having a child from any cultural background.
Julio does not have any known Native American heritage.
Kristin is Caucasian and speaks English and signs ASL fluently. She describes herself

The Resistance Of African American Children Towards The...
Becky Yang
CHDV 141 – 03
March 20, 2016
The Resistance of African American Children towards the Institution of Slavery
Slavery in America was a horrible time in history. Africans that were captured from warfare from
West Africa and were being traded as slaves for goods (Vasconcellos). Slavery did not just stop at
enslaving adults, but children were also enslaved. Children of slaves were born into slavery. Slave
families were always on the constant threat of being separated (Williams, 2010). This meant that
many enslaved children did not grow up with their parents around. In addition, parents were unable
to protect their children. As stated in the article by "How Slavery Affected African American
Families," by Heather Andrea Williams, parents had a possibility of being sold away from children.
This was something that parents were afraid of and children would soon become aware of
(Williams, 2010). This influenced how African American families lived. This also had an influence
in the upbringing of African American children. Louis Hughes mentions in his autobiography, Thirty
Years a Slave, From Bondage to Freedom of the horrendous treatment of slaves (Hughes, 1897). In
Hughes's book, he seemed to be a passive victim to the cruel treatment from his owner. Stories like
his leads to the idea of African American children being passive victims to the institution of slavery.
By examining the way African American children played, as Steven Mintz explains in the

The And Prevention Of Juvenile Delinquency
Juveniles in the justice system is an issue relevant not only to people in the criminal justice system
but to society in general. There have been a number of studies done that link serious behavior
problems in children to adult criminal conduct. In more recent years, there has been more research
done regarding the causes and prevention of juvenile delinquency. The Department of Juvenile
Justice lists 3 broad categories with many subcategories to help us understand what contributes to
juvenile delinquency (CITE). These categories are listed as Individual, social, and community
factors. Similarly, Dr. Alida V. Merlo, at Indiana University of Pennsylvania states that in recent
history, the juvenile justice system has moved from a more punitive approach to juvenile justice to
more prevention and treatment oriented approach. (CITE). This is a necessary change because as
research begins to identify risk factors that may lead a child into the juvenile justice system, it is
important to treat the juvenile accordingly. We would not treat a delinquent minor that has been a
victim of maltreatment or abuse the same way we treat a child that has outside influences in the
community that played a role in their delinquency.
While we established that the individual, social, and community risk factors could be signs that a
child is on their way to delinquency, it does not make it a certainty. Therefore, it is important that
when I child shows signs of these risk factors, they are not

The Juvenile Justice System Essay examples
The Juvenile Justice System
Jodia M Murphy
Kaplan University
CJ150 Juvenile Delinquency
Professor Thomas Woods
July 31, 2012
Abstract This paper takes a brief look at the history and evolution of the juvenile justice system in
the United States. In recent years there has been an increase of juvenile cases being transferred into
the adult court system. This paper will also look at that process and the consequences of that trend.
History and Evolution In the early nineteenth century juveniles were treated the same as adults when
it came to the legal system. We did not have separate courts or jails for juveniles and they would
often receive the same punishments as adults that had committed crimes. "At the beginning of the ...
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There are three ways cases are sent to adult court, there is concurrent jurisdiction where certain
cases can be tried in either juvenile or adult court, statutory exclusion, where certain offenses are
automatically tried in adult court and judicial waiver where a hearing is held to decide whether the
case will be transferred (Seigel & Welsh, 2011). While the process does differ from State to
State there are some basic guidelines "...states that have transfer hearings provide a legitimate
transfer hearing, sufficient notice to the child's family and defense attorney, the right to counsel, and
a statement of the reason for the court order regarding transfer" Seigel & Welsh, 2011).
Depending on which side you view the transfer issue from, the consequences can be positive or
negative. On the positive side the juvenile is afforded more constitutional rights in the adult system,
such as a trial by jury. For some juveniles it could mean a chance of having their charges dismissed
(Seigel & Welsh, 2011). By transferring juveniles into the adult system you are more likely to
have violent offenders taken off the streets and given tougher sentences for violent crimes than they
would have

After School Programs Essay
Daniel Parra Mrs. Padgett English IV, Period 2 7 December 2010 After School Programs The impact
that after school programs have on young children affects every aspect of their lives. Although some
may feel after school programs are a waste of time and money, it has been proven that they improve
children's social and academic skills. Without these special designed programs, children may not be
able to develop into the kinds of adults which will benefit society in the future. It is important that
society understand the importance of after school programs. To cut back on after school programs to
better the economy is only taking away from the children and opening new doors to them, which can
ultimately lead them to jail or possibly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Learning how to communicate is often overlooked but its an essential skill for anyone. An example
of how important this truly is would be a job interview. Everyone at some point will have to
interview for a job to support themselves and their family. At most interviews, employers are
looking for people who seem to communicate well with others and can present themselves by
communicating their attributes. These communications skills that are necessary aren't easy to come
by. Although one may think it would be easy, many people wont be able to successfully land a job
because of communication. One person may be the most qualified, but if you can not communicate
well then it will not matter. After school programs can also socially benefit a child. Programs are
often designed to teach a child how to be a leader as well as a team player. Throughout one's life
there will be situations where one will need to work in a group as well as lead a group of people.
After school programs involving sports, really hone in on a child's ability to behave and interact in a
group environment. The participants must work together in order to achieve a common goal which
is to ultimately win. In doing so, they must interact and communicate in a way which will be most
beneficial for the entire group. This occurs not only in sports but in everyday life. At a job, one may
have to work with others to

Income Inequality: It’s Effect on African-American Single...
Income Inequality: It's Effect on African–American Single Mothers and Their Children. I believe
that it's not fair for single mothers to get paid less, when some of them are the back bones of this
country. Currently the minimum wage, in the United States, is set to 8$ per hour. Women in general
are only paid 77%, so it is appropriate to assume that through mathematics, women get a wage as
high as $6.16. African–American women only get paid 64% of every dollar a man makes. If the
minimum wage is only $8 an hour, we find out that African–American women only get a maximum
wage of $5.12 an hour. Income inequality is not fair to the mothers who have kids to raise by
themselves. Single mothers have no spouse or any other fixed income to help. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
It's a controversial issue because some children who grew up in single parent homes, and were not
in poverty growing up had the opportunity to go college because they were financially stable. Those
who did grow up in poverty struggled getting into college, and those who did dropped out because
of finances and sustained jobs. The jobs that are predominately female based don't see the income
inequality payment gap, as well as the jobs that are predominately male.
Below this graph is showing the way the system is set up. The job is yours based on gender, age,
spouse, family structure, and levels of education. In the first column of the graph, it explains how
the educational quality decides salary marking. It simply means that your educational status decides
the income you receive based on your level of skill. The second column of the graph explains how
ethnicity of women portrays a huge part in the salary gap. In the third column, it shows the rate of
hiring in the job industry. The fourth and final column of the graph shows how well family structure
plays a part in jobs. Those who have both biological parents do better than those who live in single
parent homes. This effects my claim because this shows how it effects the children. This graph
basically says, even though you've done well in school, and you've worked hard, and got your dream
job, African–American women

The Effects Of Juvenile Delinquency On Teens
It is very normal in the cities that shown these crime rates have been rapidly increasing. Usually it
has been occurred in rural or urban areas. Increase of population in urban shows poverty, unstable,
underdevelopment, deficiency and lack of housing areas. Theses can also affect teens that increase–
doing crimes in which it called juvenile delinquency. There are two terms that define juvenile
delinquency, 1: conduct by a juvenile characterized by antisocial behavior that is a beyond parental
control and therefore subject to legal action; 2: a violation of law committed by a juvenile and not
punishable by death or live imprisonment. (Cite). In this topic, I will explain more about family
factors in which it has major influence on teens such as the way parents discipline a child, parental
conflict or separation, parental abuse or neglect or criminal parents or siblings. What has causes
children to act out? It could be because they want some attention or misbehave when they are afraid.
They misbehave when they also feel bad about themselves and learn bad behaviors by copying you.
There will be four articles that I summarized that related with juvenile and give out some resources
to prevent juvenile delinquency.
The family home conditions are one of the reasons why teens have become juvenile delinquency.
These are poverty and unemployment, material deficiencies, broken homes, immoral and delinquent
parents, lack of parental care and affection and bad example. The poverty and

Juvenile Delinquency Is Participation Of Illegal Behavior...
Juvenile Delinquency is participation of illegal behavior by minors. Although it is no single path to
juvenile delinquency, the presence of several risk factors often increases a youth's chance of
offending. Risk factors have been defined as those characteristics, variables, or hazards that, if
present for a given individual, make it more likely that this individual, rather than someone selected
from the general population, will develop a disorder(May 2014). Risk factors predict an increased
probability of later offending but it is true that certain protective factors may work to offset risk
factors. To determine this, an assessment is given to the juvenile. This risk assessment will configure
the type of intervention that will best suit the individual youth needs in order to decrease their risk of
offending. The top three key social factors that contribute to juvenile delinquency in the 21st
Century are family, peers, and community. In this paper I will focus on the different aspects of each
top key social factor and the affects it will have on the juvenile. Family is the biggest influence for
early on–set juvenile delinquency risk factors, primarily affecting children 6–11 years of age
(Shader). Children learn basic concepts about good and bad from their family; they make their
values and set the norm for society. Majority of the adolescents who show delinquent behaviors at
an early age in any form come from families that could not give firm foundations to the children.

The Issue Of The Juvenile Justice System Essay
1.1 Introduction
The term juvenile is derived from a Latin word Juvenis meaning Young (who has not attained the
age of 18 years). A Children have been recognized supremely assets of the Nation. The government
of India through its National Policy for Children stated that their nurture and solicitude are our
responsibility. Equal opportunities for development to all children during the period of growth
should be our aim, for this would serve our larger purpose of reducing inequality and ensuring social
justice. Children ought to have been the subject of prime focus of development planning, research,
and welfare in India but unfortunately, it has not been so. Despite the Constitutional vision of a
healthy and happy child protected against abuse and exploitation, and a National Policy for
Children, the majority of children in India continue to live without a cared, protected and
meaningful childhood. The juvenile justice system as conceived by legislation aims at providing
care, protection, treatment, development, and rehabilitation of delinquent and neglected juvenile.
India is a signatory to UN Declaration on The Rights of the Child, 1959 which defined and
recognized various Rights of the children namely: The right to health and care, the right to
protection from abuse, the right to protection from exploitation, right to protection from neglect,
right to information, right to expression and right to nutrition etc have been defined as basic rights of
children by the

The 19th Century : The Nineteenth Century
The 19th Century
Political
The youth of today can hardly compare to those of 200 years ago. As a matter of fact, under
Common Law, a person between the ages of eight and fourteen could have been considered an adult
(Blackstone, W., 1760). At the turn of the century the Revolutionary War occurred barely twenty
years earlier and was actually still going on in places like Louisiana. Youth of that day had probably
taken part in the war in one form or another which caused them to mature at a faster rate. This,
coupled with an agrarian society and different social norms, had children as young as fifteen married
and having children of their own (Hacker D. J., 2003). The age distinction we place on juveniles
today would not have been applied at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As industry increased in the growing urban centers there was a need for cheap labor, and since
federal child labor laws were not implemented until 1916, orphanages became a primary source of
forced labor (Clark–Bennett, R., et al. 2004). These child work centers did not treat the children as
employees but rather paid the orphanage owners similar to the Convict Lease programs of the post
Civil War South. Lack of adult supervision and freedom to move about these new industrial hubs
lead to increased juvenile delinquency as we know it today. After all, what repercussions were there
to deter delinquency, the children were already in a reformatory.
The 20th Century
Political
As America fell into the Great Depression in 1929, President Roosevelt placed political emphasis on
employing adults. This returned children, 18–20 percent who were used to working, back to being
the idle poor (Yellowitz, I., 2017). This, coupled with the lack of state enforcement of mandatory
school attendance, exacerbated the juvenile delinquency rate and increased the number of juvenile
offenders (Thompson Reuters, 2017). The concept of the judicial system acting as "parens patriate",
literally translated "Parent of the Country", when dealing with juvenile offenders, gained momentum
in the early 20th century (TLS, 2015). Unfortunately, it wasn't until later in the century that the term
Juvenile was broadly defined as

America's Juvenile Justice System Essay
The Juvenile Justice system, since its conception over a century ago, has been one at conflict with
itself. Originally conceived as a fatherly entity intervening into the lives of the troubled urban
youths, it has since been transformed into a rigid and adversarial arena restrained by the demands of
personal liberty and due process. The nature of a juvenile's experience within the juvenile justice
system has come almost full circle from being treated as an adult, then as an unaccountable child,
now almost as an adult once more.
Studies and anecdotes have shown that our modern approach, however, is ill–equipped to reduce
crime or deal with chronic delinquents while at the same time protecting their due liberties. We now
stand on the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Colonists placed their children either in the homes of others or, as technology enabled the industrial
revolution, in factories and other locations of modern industry near the home. Writes Feld, ?The
coterminous location of home and workplace and the limited range of occupations enabled young
people to learn most of their required economic skills either from their parents or from surrounding
adults and quickly to achieve adult productivity,? (21). More importantly, children from a relatively
young age were expected to assume adult culpability for crimes they committed. Punishments for
children rivaled those for adults.
As time marched on, childhood became a socially constructed stage of life. Coupled with a rise in
the traditional family view of domesticity (men at work, women isolated as homemakers), new
concepts of child rearing took hold in the middle and upper classes. Instead of exposing children to
the world, ?Deferral of adult responsibilities rather than assumption of adult roles became the child–
rearing norm,? writes Feld (30). The ?child saving? movement worked to segregate children from
society both directly and indirectly. These protective measures were based chiefly on middle class,
protestant, white, rural idealists who viewed childhood as a stage of moral immaturity and
impressionability. ?Progressive reformers implemented a variety of child–saving strategies

Photos of Japanese American Children in Internment Camps,...
Photos of Japanese American Children in Internment Camps, 1942–1945 Amid a growing anti–
Japanese sentiment during World War II, President Franklin Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066
on February 19, 1942, which called for the evacuation of all persons of Japanese descent from the
West Coast. Many individuals and families evacuated to assembly centers and eventually internment
camps in ten inland locations across the country. Among the more than 100,000 people of Japanese
ancestry interned, many of those were children, and most of these children were American citizens.
The collection of War Relocation Authority Photographs of Japanese–American Evacuation and
Resettlement provides a unique view of how the WRA wanted the U.S. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These photos reveal the unconscious biases of the individual photographers that are simply
represented by the choice of subject matter in each photo or what a photographer decided to omit.
Another level of bias that must be considered is that of the evacuees themselves. It is not known
how many activities, if any, were staged for the camera but one can presume some self–
consciousness on the part of adults who were in charge of the children so that they would be
presented in a positive way. Photographs of children playing reveal how the WRA wanted interned
Japanese American children to appear carefree and wanted their lives in the camps to seem normal.
Photos from all ten camps show boys and girls involved in a variety of American activities: playing
games, sports, and playing with pets. One series of photos depicts a group of smiling boys and girls
huddled around a table playing the card game Black Jack.[3] Other photos show children engaged in
group–sports like volleyball, softball, and running races. All of these photos reveal smiling,
outwardly happy children with no mention of their forced confinement. The children are also shown
in happy poses with a series of pets like dogs and rabbits, except for one sullen photo of a crying girl
bent over a dog. In this photograph, "a little girl is consoled as the closing of the Jerome Center (in
Denson,

Cuban American Family Of Six Children
Chavez who born in March 31, 1927 in Yuma, Arizona, in a Mexican–American family of six
children, had always a huge sense of connection with the land and the people who work hard of
build the life by farming the land. His family owned a grocery store and a ranch, but their land was
lost during the Great Depression of 1930s, which was the longest, deepest, and most widespread
depression of the 20th century. During that time his family 's home was taken away after his father
had agreed to clear eighty acres of land in exchange for the deed to the house, an agreement which
was subsequently broken. Later, when Chavez 's father attempted to purchase the house, he could
not pay the interest on the loan and the house was sold back to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Later, he would say, The love for justice that is in us is not only the best part of our being but it is
also the most true to our nature. Then my story with Caser Chavez starts from here, and I think it
would be very useful if I start to describe the historical path of Modern Mexican–American
movement in order to make a sense of Chavez legacy. From different historical resource we learned
that the origins of Mexican Americans in the United States today go back to the days of the Spanish
who first came to Mexico and then expanded north into the Southern United States, especially into
the Southwest. While The Mexican Revolution in 1810 drove the Spanish out of Mexico and
Mexican territory, the Mexican War from 1846 to 1848 ended Mexican control of the Southwest,
and this is what explains the process of forming another American minority that so called Mexican
Americans, and like any other minority of that era, they suffered losing power, land, and wealth. To
stand against inequality, injustice, and discrimination, we, as Mexican Americans, formed different
organizations that to take a collective actions in order to achieve our goals of equality, justice, and
civil rights. For example the Confederacion de Uniones de Obreros Mexicanos (CUOM) was
formed in 1927 in Los Angeles. It proved to be the first really stable organization among Mexican
workers. They organized three thousand workers into twenty locals, and in 1928 they struck in the
Imperial Valley.

No Child Left Behind And Zero Tolerance Programs
School to Prison Pipeline
Shift to "Tough on crime": No Child Left Behind and Zero Tolerance programs In the 1980 's , there
were "tough on crime" laws and "zero tolerance" programs that were enforced to for help foster a
healthy education environment for children and adolescents; especially targeted to repeat offenders
such as at–risk juveniles. As a result, we have learned that instilling laws such as No Child Left
Behind and enforcing zero tolerance programs in school was too rigid and caused more issues than
benefits for children, caretakers, and the school systems. If we analyzed this issue from parts of
Bronfenbrenner 's ecological approach we can understand some problems in the relationships
between the student, the caregiver, the educators and the law enforcers. In the micro system we can
see how the direct connections between the student and the teacher are cold and strict. In many cases
students were being forced to pass standardized testing and be well mannered at all times or they
were punished. Punishments that were sometimes cruel and unnecessary: detention, and in/out of
school suspensions. These types of connections between them can cause issues with trust, respect,
and desire to learn from their caregivers. In many cases students, especially from low
socioeconomic statuses, were being forced to pass standardized testing and be well mannered at all
times or they were punished, enforcers never took into consideration other emotional, biological or

Analysis Of Married With Children: Dysfunctional American...
Married with Children aired between 1987 and 1997. The comedy television show was based on a
dysfunctional American family featuring Ed O'Neill, as Al Bundy, and Katey Sagal as Peggy. In the
episode, Married without Children, Al and Peggy enjoy a weekend getaway while their neighbors
babysit their children, Kelly and Bud. The episode displayed some communication technologies
available at the time. The Bundy's and their neighbors had rotary phones, but cable was not available
to them. A 21st century version of Married with Children would be very different than the original
because of changes in technology and the way in which people communicate. As mentioned, the
Bundy's had a home phone and network television but cable was not accessible. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Look, Steve and Marcy are here?" said Peggy. Al replied, "Yea I know. I've been circling the block
waiting for them to leave." In this scenario, Al could have communicated with Peggy through a text
message if he wanted to avoid the neighbors. Peggy could have also avoided opening the doors if
they had cameras and a security system installed. There are many other ways in which the plot
would have differed if the television show took place in 2016. Although only one episode was
watched for this assignment, I predict that the relationship between Peggy, Al, Steve, and Marcy
would be distant. During the episode, Kelly also spent most of the time on the phone with her
friends, therefore I presume that she would take most advantage of modern technology which could
distant her from her family as well. Al and Peggy could use computer mediated communication and
mobile phones to expand on their communication and their marriage. Al would benefit greatly from
a DVR to accommodate time for his wife without compromising his favorite television shows. A
contemporary version of the television show would be similar to Modern Family, which
interestingly also stars Ed O'Neill. In a notable episode, Connection Lost, the Dunphy family
remains in touch and in communication by using their Apple products. Whether it be the iPad,
iPhone, or computer the family uses the modern technology although all are in different locations
and different time zones. Overall, I can imagine the Bundy's

Native American Children And The Educational Assault On...
Any people fighting for rights encounter similar threats, but indigenous peoples face many threats
that are unique to them. Struggling with governments is, of course, common across many forms of
protest, but indigenous populations have sui generis interactions with governments, ones that are
often more complicated by differences of culture. Many threats that indigenous people in particular
encounter fall under the header of ethnocidal interactions with foreign parties in which missionaries,
governments, and corporations come into indigenous–held areas and destroy their cultures, often
deliberately. These "outsiders" will often believe that they are helping "savage" indigenous people
by "civilizing them." Common ethnocidal practices include education, land taking, and religious
control.
Colin G. Calloway called the enforced European–style education of Native American children "the
educational assault on Indian children" (383). Native American children were taken from their
homes to be raised and educated in boarding schools in an effort to make them better members of
European–American society. In 1880, the Board of Indian Commissioners wrote that "as a savage
we cannot tolerate him [Native Americans] any more than as a half–civilized parasite, wanderer, or
vagabond. The only alternative is to fit him by education for civilized life" (as cited in Calloway
383). The board did not hide their use of education as a way of destroying Native American culture
and/or making it into

American Children Difficulties
American Children Difficulties
I believe there are many difficulties that American children face in society today. First of all, I used
to think American children have it easy; because it's the land of the free. Free alright, free to do and
express anyway you feel is the problem. It seems like freedom of expression is only valid to those
who challenge how the American way used to be. The difficulties I see is, you can be whoever you
choose to be by either gender, religion, or expression, but on the other hand if you are a person who
is against someone else's belief you are considered a racist, bigot, harsh, or an insensitive person
who has to respect for those who choose to be different or what older generations of society calls it,
"Normal." ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I think they are losing social skills behind this technology. The connection with parents, siblings,
and even classmates. Yeah it's a very easy and simpler way to get a hold of someone or make an
emergency call if you are stranded or even in danger, but the extras that go along with it which is:
social medical, games, and video chatting, that can cause car accidents, bulling in school, or again
losing social skills. I say all this to bring back the sole purpose and use of the invention was to
connect outside of your home. Thirdly, I feel American children are not in tune with what this
country fought for or been through to be called, "Land of the Free." Today in age our President
seems to be more concerned about social media and what people are saying about them rather than
lead and unite us. Our President goes on rants no matter who it hurts or offends, which is creating
enemies. Our children look up to our leaders and believe they can do exactly what they are doing
expressing their Amendment, "Freedom of Speech." I call that disrespect. Children think they can
disrespect their teachers, parents, any authority figures, until it gets out of hand. That's why I believe
there are so many protest today. Lastly, I know American children do not face the difficulties that
other children face in other countries, because their dictatorship is different; either the country is
poverty stricken or their religion won't allow them to express or speak their mind. Writing this paper
really made me understand why I am the way I am with my children. My kids are still in elementary
school however, their friends have cell phones. I do not let my children play with video games or
use their tablets unless it's for homework or the weekend. I will not purchase them a cell phone until
they walk home from school. I don't want my children to become

American Juvenile Justice System Analysis
The American juvenile justice system is consistently developing to adhere to societal values, just as
any individual or system in our surroundings. It is important to note that there is not one but several
juvenile justice systems within the United States. Each state has its own set of laws governing their
juvenile justice system (National Research Council Institute of Medicine, 2001, p. 155). 1899 was
the beginning of a substantial shift in the rights of juveniles. However, with two opposing views of
the protection of society and the rehabilitation of youth, several states have battled between adopting
policies less stringent on youth and adopting policies like the 1990's, "Get Tough" depriving youth
of the protection of the Justice System (University of Pittsburgh, 2009).
Preceding the twentieth century, there was minimal distinction between the rights of an adolescent
and those of an adult. Forming the foundation of the early U.S. Justice system was the common law
of England (Hess, et al., 2012, p.34). Common law failed to recognize a category specifically
representative of juvenile crime. William Blackstone an English jurist, judge and Tory politician
summarized the common law as it was before the 1800's stating, "Under seven years of age indeed
an infant cannot be guilty of a felony; for then a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
United States, Kent Morris a 16 year old boy was denied due process after his case was transferred
from the juvenile court to criminal court. Kent was denied his right to a hearing, access by his
counsel to social reports and denied reason for the court's decision of transfer. Supreme Court ruled
in favor of Kent, stating that Kent was entitled to a hearing that adhered to due process law. The
Supreme Court concluded that Kent's counsel should have had access to all records involving the
waiver, and the judge should have provided a written statement providing reason for the waiver
(National Research Council Institute of Medicine, 2001, p.

Failure to Address the Needs of African American Children
In modern Western society, education success and attainment is the clearest indicator of competence
and success. This belief assumes a kind of homogeneity despite the empirical evidence of
considerable racial and cultural diversity in North America. As a result, the egregious casualties of
the American educational and social system remain disproportionately and overwhelmingly African
American. Furthermore, the many casualties among African American youth in North America
confirm the failure of the social sciences and the educational system in their attempt to address the
needs of the African American child. The following study epitomizes the enduring racial and
cultural generalizations of those individuals whose entire history as a "science" has been the
repeated distribution of unfavorable characteristics to the African race. For many, adolescence marks
a turning point, in which some individuals disengage from academics, and others persist into higher
levels of educational attainment. A variety of factors influence ones destiny, however effective
control is marked as having the most significant effect on the outcome of Adolescence in North
America. Effortful control is a feature of temperament that has been proposed as a set of
neurocognitive competencies relevant to self–regulation and educational attainment (Veronneau,
Racer, Fosco & Dishion, 2014). It involves the ability to inhibit impulses and prevent disruptive
behaviors, in order to maintain focus and maintain

The Education Of African American Children
Introduction
Ever since the establishment of equal education in the United States, there has been a disparity in
academic success between children of different races. The education of African American children
has become a prime example of this. As discussed in the historical text, A Letter to My Nephew,
which was written during the time of the civil rights movement in the 1950's and 1960's, African
Americans were not given equal opportunities to succeed educationally and could do little to change
their futures for the better. They had to work much harder than whites to receive even a portion of
the recognition and success that whites achieved (Baldwin 1). Although many today believe
America has overcome this problem, it still remains a pressing issue in many aspects of society,
arguably the most important being education. The racial achievement gap, an important term to
familiarize with when discussing this topic, refers to the disparity in educational performance
between students of different races (National Education Association 1). As of now, although the
education achievement gap has been narrowing, there still remains a large disparity between African
Americans and their racial counterparts. According to a study by Roland G. Freyer and Steven D.
Levitt, professors at Harvard University and W.E.B Du Bois Institute, respectively, African
American students enter kindergarten already significantly behind children of other races, and their
test scores continue to drop

Changes From The Progressive Era
Some of the most important changes from the Progressive Era were the Savers ability to expand the
role of the state. Public health increased which decreased infant mortality, playgrounds were made
for children to play in, and better school systems were established leading to better educations
(Mintz, 2004, p.173). The reduction in infant mortality was due to cleaner living quarters and other
health safeguards such as pasteurized milk that was safer to drink (Mintz, 2004, p.176). School
systems today still separate children into their respective age groups as to not expose children to
things before they are ready.
During the Progressive Era, Children's Court was also established. This was an important
development because it gave children ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Over the past few decades many scientific advancements have led to the reform of childrearing
practices and the modern concept of adolescence. Three men, Charles Darwin, G. Stanley Hall and
Dr. Holt [what is Dr. Holt's first name? put that], made some of the most crucial scientific
advancements in this area. Studies by these three men led to child rearing advice and drastically
changed the way children were viewed.
After having a son of his own, Charles Darwin began to observe and study his child. He examined
whether behavior was learned or instinctual. He thought that children needed to have freedom and
express themselves. He helped society understand that the minds, attitudes and emotions of children
need to slowly be shaped overtime, they are not naturally instilled at birth.
G. Stanley Hall was another great contributor to the advancements in the child rearing reformation.
In 1880, Hall conducted a set of experiments on 400 Boston school children. Results of his study
showed that children have minimal basic knowledge like being able to identify body parts. In 1904,
Hall wrote a book stating that children were growing up too fast and needed to be in environments
away from adult temptation. He advocated for more child–like environments such as schools
catering to the student's ages like kindergarten, middle school and high school. He also indicated
that extracurricular activities such sports were a great thing for children.
[First Name] Holt had somewhat of a

Native American Children

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