1- True or False- (a) Hybridization of one s atomic orbital and two p.docx

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1. True or False? (a) Hybridization of one s atomic orbital and two p orbitals leads to three sp3 hybrid orbita (b) Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed of carbon and water (c) Aldehydes and amides contain the carbonyl group (d) A \"chiral\" carbon atom is defined as a carbon atom with multiple Tt-bonds (e)-bonds are covalent bonds characterized by high electron density along the bond (f) Nucleic acids are biological macromolecules (g) Two compounds are isomers if they have the same chemical formula (h) Rotation around the double bond of an alkene does not easily occur at room temperature (1) Aromatic hydrocarbons contain delocalized m-bond systems G) When the terminals of a battery are connected, electrons flow from the anode to the catho Solution a) false reason : one s + two p will give three sp2 orbitals b) fasle reason : hydrocarbons composed of carbon and hydrogen c) false reason : aldehydes only contain carbonyl group d) fase reason : chiral carbon contain 4 dirrenent groups or atoms e) true f) true g) true h) true i) true j) true .

1. True or False? (a) Hybridization of one s atomic orbital and two p orbitals leads to three sp3
hybrid orbita (b) Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed of carbon and water (c)
Aldehydes and amides contain the carbonyl group (d) A "chiral" carbon atom is defined as a
carbon atom with multiple Tt-bonds (e)-bonds are covalent bonds characterized by high electron
density along the bond (f) Nucleic acids are biological macromolecules (g) Two compounds are
isomers if they have the same chemical formula (h) Rotation around the double bond of an
alkene does not easily occur at room temperature (1) Aromatic hydrocarbons contain delocalized
m-bond systems G) When the terminals of a battery are connected, electrons flow from the anode
to the catho
Solution
a) false
reason : one s + two p will give three sp2 orbitals
b) fasle
reason : hydrocarbons composed of carbon and hydrogen
c) false
reason : aldehydes only contain carbonyl group
d) fase
reason : chiral carbon contain 4 dirrenent groups or atoms
e) true
f) true
g) true
h) true

i) true
j) true

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1. What are phonons? What information can be obtained by studying the phonon spectrum of solids? Solution A phonon is a collective excitation in a periodic, elastic arrangement of atoms or molecules in condensed matter, like solids and some liquids. It is a quantized mode of vibration occurring in a rigid crystal lattice, such as the atomic lattice of a solid. Solids with one or more atoms exhibit two types of phonons. They are (1) acoustic phonons and (2) optical phonons. When a solid absorbs energy, the number of phonons changes. Macroscopic properties like thermal energy can be described by suitable statistical models. If a solid is viewed as a collection of distinguishable oscillating atoms, they would obey Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. Since phonons are indistinguishable particles like photons, they follow Bose-Einstein distribution. There is no limit on the number of particles a boson state can occupy. In solid-state physics, the study of phonons is important because phonons play an important role in many of the physical properties of solids, such as the specific heat, melting point, thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity, and superconductivity.Â Â The electrons are responsible for the majority of heat conduction in metal, while the phonons are the dominant carriers in the semiconductors and insulators, e.g. silicon, germanium and silica-based materials. In some cases, the phonon contribution to the specific heat or resistivity can be easily separated from other contributions and can provide important information about the lattice dynamical properties of a solid. There are studies made on the measurements of sound velocities using spectroscopic techniques which is quite useful since they provide the slopes of the acoustic phonon branches. .

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1. void fun(int &j) { j++; } int main() { int i = 20; fun(i); printf(\"i = %d\ \", i); return 0; } 2. void fun(int *j) { (*j)++; } int main() { int i = 20; int *p = &i; fun(p); printf(\"i = %d\ \", i); return 0; } 3. #include<stdio.h> void square(int); main() { int num = 3; square(num); printf(â€œnum: %d\ â€, num); } void square (int num) { num = num * num; } 4. #include<stdio.h> int square(int); main() { int num = 3; square(num); printf(â€œnum: %d\ â€, num); num = square(num); printf(â€œnum: %d\ â€, num); } int square (int num) { num = num * num; return num; } Solution 1))))))))))))) the address of i is passed in the fuinction in this case then in the function the address is incremented and print in the main block 2))))))))))))))) p is a pointer as a pointer it stores the address of another variable here p stores the address of variable i rather than the value of a variable 3)))))))))))))) function with arguement and no return type the fun ction here declared as void so it doesnot return the value 4)))))))))) function with arguement and return type it returns the value to the called function. .

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1. Single convex lenses can be used to make images of far away objects. Will these images be real or imaginary? Where does the image occur relative to the focus? (Specify which side of the lens) 2. Lenses in combination are used in the making of microscopes and telescopes. When observing with the human eye, should the device create real or virtual images? Why? 3. Microscopes often have very bright lights to illuminate the object. If you were to look at the light without the microscope it appears so bright it may \"hurt\" to look at it. If the microscope magnifies the object to create a larger image, why is it safe to look through microscope at the very bright object? (This is the same concept as why projector bulbs are very bright.) Please explain in detail, not just with a one sentence answer for each and I will rate. Thank you! Solution 1) The image will be real because it is formed by the actual meeting of the rays converging. The image is formed at the focal point behind the lens, i.e. on the other side of the lens. This is when the rays coming from the distant object are parallel to the principal axis. Otherwise the image is formed on a line perpendicular and passing through the focal point. 2) When observing with the human eye, the device should create virtual image. The reason is that when we view an image we want the image to be clear and upright and not inverted. An upright image is formed only when it is virtual. 3) When we look directly, we view it with its original intensity; therefore it may hurt our eyes. On the other hand when viewing through the microscope the light is reflected a few times and so its intensity decreases, thereby making it safe to view at. .

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