1- What type of encryption does PKI use- Symmetric Asymmetric DES AES.docx
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1- What type of encryption does PKI use? Symmetric Asymmetric DES AES 2- The upper layers of the OSI model are, in correct order. Session, application, presentation Session, presentation, application Session, application, presentation, physical Application, presentation, session, physical Solution 1. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) uses asymmetric key encryption between parties. Asymmetric Encryption : It is a form of Encryption , in this pair of keys are coming. Here one key encrypts, while the other key can decrypt. Option b is correct choice. 2. The upper layers of the OSI model are, in correct order is 7. Application 6. Presentation 5. Session 4. Transport 3. Network 2. Data Link 1. Physical These are the Layers in OSI model. Option d is correct choice. .
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1. What are phonons? What information can be obtained by studying the phonon spectrum of solids?
Solution
A phonon is a collective excitation in a periodic, elastic arrangement of atoms or molecules in condensed matter, like solids and some liquids. It is a quantized mode of vibration occurring in a rigid crystal lattice, such as the atomic lattice of a solid. Solids with one or more atoms exhibit two types of phonons. They are (1) acoustic phonons and (2) optical phonons. When a solid absorbs energy, the number of phonons changes. Macroscopic properties like thermal energy can be described by suitable statistical models. If a solid is viewed as a collection of distinguishable oscillating atoms, they would obey Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. Since phonons are indistinguishable particles like photons, they follow Bose-Einstein distribution. There is no limit on the number of particles a boson state can occupy.
In solid-state physics, the study of phonons is important because phonons play an important role in many of the physical properties of solids, such as the specific heat, melting point, thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity, and superconductivity.  The electrons are responsible for the majority of heat conduction in metal, while the phonons are the dominant carriers in the semiconductors and insulators, e.g. silicon, germanium and silica-based materials. In some cases, the phonon contribution to the specific heat or resistivity can be easily separated from other contributions and can provide important information about the lattice dynamical properties of a solid. There are studies made on the measurements of sound velocities using spectroscopic techniques which is quite useful since they provide the slopes of the acoustic phonon branches.
.
1- void fun(int &j) { j++- } int main() { int i - 20- fun(i)- printf(-.docx
1.
void fun(int &j) {
j++;
}
int main() {
int i = 20;
fun(i);
printf(\"i = %d\ \", i);
return 0;
}
2.
void fun(int *j) {
(*j)++;
}
int main() {
int i = 20;
int *p = &i;
fun(p);
printf(\"i = %d\ \", i);
return 0;
}
3.
#include<stdio.h>
void square(int);
main() {
int num = 3;
square(num);
printf(“num: %d\ â€, num);
}
void square (int num) {
num = num * num;
}
4.
#include<stdio.h>
int square(int);
main() {
int num = 3;
square(num);
printf(“num: %d\ â€, num);
num = square(num);
printf(“num: %d\ â€, num);
}
int square (int num) {
num = num * num;
return num;
}
Solution
1)))))))))))))
the address of i is passed in the fuinction in this case
then in the function the address is incremented and print in the main block
2)))))))))))))))
p is a pointer as a pointer it stores the address of another variable
here p stores the address of variable i rather than the value of a variable
3))))))))))))))
function with arguement and no return type
the fun ction here declared as void so it doesnot return the value
4))))))))))
function with arguement and return type
it returns the value to the called function.
.
1- Single convex lenses can be used to make images of far away objects.docx
1. Single convex lenses can be used to make images of far away objects. Will these images be real or imaginary? Where does the image occur relative to the focus? (Specify which side of the lens)
2. Lenses in combination are used in the making of microscopes and telescopes. When observing with the human eye, should the device create real or virtual images? Why?
3. Microscopes often have very bright lights to illuminate the object. If you were to look at the light without the microscope it appears so bright it may \"hurt\" to look at it. If the microscope magnifies the object to create a larger image, why is it safe to look through microscope at the very bright object? (This is the same concept as why projector bulbs are very bright.)
Please explain in detail, not just with a one sentence answer for each and I will rate. Thank you!
Solution
1) The image will be real because it is formed by the actual meeting of the rays converging.
The image is formed at the focal point behind the lens, i.e. on the other side of the lens. This is when the rays coming from the distant object are parallel to the principal axis. Otherwise the image is formed on a line perpendicular and passing through the focal point.
2) When observing with the human eye, the device should create virtual image.
The reason is that when we view an image we want the image to be clear and upright and not inverted. An upright image is formed only when it is virtual.
3) When we look directly, we view it with its original intensity; therefore it may hurt our eyes.
On the other hand when viewing through the microscope the light is reflected a few times and so its intensity decreases, thereby making it safe to view at.
.
1- Materials are deep-seated in human culture- Do you agree with this.docx
1. Materials are deep-seated in human culture. Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not? Give examples of different materials used in different cultures and time periods. Which materials are the most researched/sought-after materials right now?
Solution
Ecologists sometimes describe nonhuman species in terms of their reproductive strategies in different types of environments (e.g., Pianka, 1970; Matthews & Kitching, 1984). Unpredictable or unstable environments select for relatively short-lived organisms with small body size, early maturity, high fecundity (capability of producing numerous offspring), and good dispersal abilities. As might be expected, such species are characterized by high juvenile mortality rates and widely fluctuating populations. Because their evolutionary success is dependent on high potential population growth rates, such organisms are called r-strategists. Among mammals, small rodents are typically r-selected.
At the other end of the spectrum are so-called K-strategists, organisms usually associated with relatively predictable or stable ecosystems. K-strategists are typically large-bodied, long-lived and late-maturing. They generally have low reproductive and dispersal rates, but also extended parental care and thus high survival rates to maturity. The populations of K-strategists are therefore relatively stable and tend to press up against the fluctuating carrying capacities (K) of their ecosystems. Indeed, they are said to be K-selected, because their individual survival and overall evolutionary success depend on competitive superiority at high population densities under conditions of resource scarcity. Humans are clearly K-strategists, a distinction we share with other large mammals ranging from tapirs through elephants to blue whales.
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