Georg Simmel And Morality

Georg Simmel And Morality
Both Georg Simmel and Walter Benjamin acknowledged the fact that the spirit of modernity is in the form of a 'seductive narrative of infinite progress
and ceaseless growth' in which human agency and collective will are abandoned. People are denounced to participate in the endless cycle of production
and consumption of goods and services. Henceforth, they agree that the dialectics of civilization center on material culture and the built environment
particularly, the capitalist society. In relation to this setting, is the impact on human psychology, bodies and social interactions. For Simmel, the
constant urgency and commotion of life in the midst of capitalism result to a person's adaptation to an attitude of emotional distance and
self–interestedness. Benjamin coincides with this, nonetheless he put much focus on how the capitalism in the society amends the human psyche and
corporeal habitus. For him, people's actions become increasingly 'massified' that leads to 'amorphous crowd of passer–by', in lieu of a true community.
Albeit,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He defines it as a social form which combines 'the attraction of differentiation and change with that of similarity and conformity' which is often located
within social classes that express social differences. Additionally, the fast–phasing dispersion of this phenomena constitutes the illusion that fashion
itself is an independent movement. "It becomes less dependent upon the individual and the individual becomes less dependent upon fashion. Both
develop like separate evolutionary worlds." Fashion's influence does not only stops on the notion that it is part of the prehistory of modernity and the
objectification of modern culture, which exhibits commodity production. Rather, for Simmel, it also pertains to the 'dualistic nature' of mankind, 'the
psychological tendency towards imitation', the reflection of society's history, and others. In the abstract of his essay entitled Fashion, he
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Infinity : A Discussion On The History, Variations, And...
A Discussion on the History, Variations, and Applications of Infinity
Infinity is perhaps one of the most frequently encountered idea in today's world. This concept of endlessness is what people normally associate with
when discussing infinity, and it has become something that we have integrated into everyday language. Although it may seem to be simple concept,
infinity is actually a widely debated and argued topic, and it has shown to be more complex than it initially appears to be. There are many types of
infinities and over the years, people have studied, proved, analyzed, and applied the concepts of infinities. It is important to note that, although infinity
is essential to mathematics, there exist types of infinity beyond the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From Pythagoras' standpoint, the whole world can be described and defined by a finite set of natural numbers. This is almost ironic because part of his
Pythagorean Theorem results in Pythagorean triplets,which includes numbers such as в€
љ2, which require an understanding of infinity in order to
define (Rucker). On the other hand, Aristotle acknowledged that there existed concepts that point towards the existence of infinite, but that would
contradict his defined and finite world. So, in order to handle these cases, he came up with the idea of labeling sets as "potentially infinite" and not
"actually infinite." An example of this is the set of integers {1,2,3...}, where Aristotle claims that they can be "potentially infinite" but not "actually
infinite" (Allen). Essentially, Aristotle would simply deny the existence of an actually infinite set. At this time, people were beginning to study the
notion of infinite more deeply and one of the forefront mathematicians to tackle infinity was Zeno. Zeno is most well known for his paradoxes that
primarily look at infinity via the physical world. His first paradox deals with dichotomy, or the idea that one must first reach the halfway mark of a
certain point, and then the halfway point of the halfway point, and so on. In terms of a sequence, dichotomy can be described as the sequence: {...1
/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1}. Zeno's other paradoxes are the Achilles and the tortoise paradox,

Georg Simmel Founder of German Sociological Association
Georg Simmel was born in 1858 and for the majority of his life lived in Berlin, Germany. He was the founder of the German Sociological
Association. One area of his research included how our spiritual lives were shaped by our social and geographical lives, and in turn how our spiritual
lives shaped our environments. Simmel argued that the people within a society build their lives on truth and that all truth is relational. He likened this
process as a bridge that connects our separateness to create one society, similar to a human bridge. He is described as a microsociologist, focused on
small–group research and argues that everything interacts, on some level, with everything else. He notes the difference between a dyad, where two
people are involved with a triad which includes three people. He argues that a triad is a greater threat to the individuality of each group member.
Simmel's defines secrecy as a condition, and researches relationships from this aspect of giving and receiving knowledge and keeping secrets. He
describes friendship and intimate relationships, whereby friendship creates more secretiveness and discretion than that of a more intimate relationship.
Simmel argues that modern societies are systems that operate from a high degree of secrecy, and notes the money economy as one example of how
people can hide much of what they transact and acquire.
Secrecy is described as something that is internal when the secret is possessed in common amongst several

Aristotle 's Ideas Of Potential Infinity
Aristotle supported the idea of "potential infinity" but refuted the idea of "actual infinity". He defined potential infinity by saying if you are counting
natural numbers, logic would tell us that we can always add one to the previous number and that can potentially go on forever. He also said that we
could potentially use this logic in geometry if we imagined a line that extended beyond both points with no recognizable end. On the contrary, actual
infinity seems paradoxical because even if we had an infinite number of "things" in a category then infinity would still be "whole" in a sense with a
beginning and an end. Aristotle's ideas were supported for many centuries ("Aristotle", n.d.).
The philosopher Zeno of Elea (495–435 B.C.E.) came up with the idea of "infinite divisibility". The basic concept of the theory was that you could
take any object, cut it in half, cut those halves in half, and so on until you reached the end of the divisibility process and were left with only particles,
or "elements" as he called them. The first conclusion he drew from this theory was that the elements were essentially nothing, which meant that the sum
of all the pieces made the whole object nothing. The second conclusion was that the elements were something but that they had no size, which meant
that the sum of the whole object also had no size. The last conclusion was that the elements are something and they do have a size. But that would mean
that you would never reach the end of the

I Am Nietzsche
Nietzsche even goes as far to say that Descartes statement, "I think therefore I am," is not as individualized as it should have been. The intention is that
Descartes is still articulating his statement of thought through language is because he already had a notion of what thinking meant. And Nietzsche
claims, "If I had not already decided that matter within myself, by what standard could I determined that what was happening is not perhaps 'willing'
or 'feeling'?" (Nietzsche 46). This way of thinking through the construction of language worries Nietzsche because if Descartes was misled by this,
then it could be true that people are frequently mislead by language. It is not language itself that is evil, however, the illustration of Descartes... Show
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While there is no right or wrong answer to which author's idea holds is superior to the question of language being a burden or an aid to societies, it
would seem in contemporary society people need a form of communication that language has to fill. While Nietzsche makes a definite point on how
language becomes a tool to deindividualize people, it can only be to a certain extent that they evade their uniqueness. Humans must have a way to use
language if they are to live in a community even if that language is not fully illustrative of their true feelings. The time that Nietzsche wrote Beyond
Good and Evil was not much earlier than when Gadamer thought of his works, but the world had some severe changes in the meantime. Two world
wars and a growing world population marks for large differences in the two authors works. Nietzsche's criticism of language is more valid within
smaller communities which were more likely during his time. Although, by the time Gadamer wrote his works the world was much more colonized
and mass communication could have been probable without

Infinite Divisibility Essay
Infinite divisibility has been a historically relevant theme in mathematics and philosophy. Before we had the tools to physically show the mathematical
nature of the infinite, philosophers speculated on what happens when a space was divided into infinite parts. Parmenides and Zeno created theories,
and paradoxes to prove that infinite divisibility was so significant that the universe is in a constant, unchanging state, and using that to show that motion
cannot exist. Aristotle and other philosophers critiqued these ideas by defining various grammatical forms of the term infinity, in order to clarify what
the paradoxes really mean and how it is best to talk about infinity. However, all three of them were proven wrong with the development... Show more
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Achilles will then have to reach this new location. By the time Achilles reaches that location, the tortoise will have moved on to yet another
location, and so on forever... if we do believe that Achilles succeeds and that motion is possible, then we are victims of illusion, as Parmenides
says we are." (Dowden) This paradox assumes that space is infinitely divisible. Therefore, the premise of this argument is that between two distinct
points, there an infinite number of points separating them. If that is the case, then one can never travel from one distinct point to the other because
that would require an infinite number of tasks. This idea is seen again in the Dichotomy paradox: "Zeno argues that a runner will never reach a
fixed goal along the racetrack. The reason is that the runner must first reach half the distance to the goal. But once he gets there, he must then cross
half the remaining distance, then half of new remainder, and so on. If the goal is one meter away, the runner must cover a distance of 1/2 meter,
then 1/4 meter, then 1/8 meter, and so on ad infinitum." (Dowden). A regressive version of this paradox also exists: "the runner cannot even take a
first step. For, any step may be divided conceptually into a first half and a second half. Before taking a full step, the runner must take a 1/2 step, but
before that he must take a 1/4 step, but before that a 1/8 step, and so forth ad infinitum, so Achilles

Metropolis And Mental Life By Georg Simmel
Throughout the course of the semester we have studied the works of various sociologists. Each sociologist that we studied, have had varying ideas of
what culture in society is. However, we examined each article with a central theme in mind being "culture is about meaning–making". Though meaning
making has a general definition that will be discussed later, each writer addressed it differently. The contribution each of these writers has had to our
course has been very important when looking at the aspect of culture in society. First, we must address the question of, "What is meaning–making?"
Meaning–making is the everyday interactions that contribute to the society and culture we are accustomed to. Because culture is difficult to define,
and there is not one set definition, we look to social theorists and thinkers to see the way in which our society is formed. "Metropolis and Mental Life"
by Georg Simmel addressed different aspects of social urban life during the 19th century. He talked about some aspects of modern urban culture during
this time. The writing discusses the position of an individual in a big city of urban life and ways in which people cope with this existence. The
individual is the center with objectivism and subjectivism dominating the big city. The metropolis mental life is essentially intellectual rather than
emotional. He believes that everything in the city is measurable and has qualitative values but is reduced to quantitative values, which creates

The Metropolis And Mental Life By Georg Simmel
Introduction: Georg Simmel was born in1858 in Berlin. He had difficulties in obtaining a regular academic appointment because of his Jewish ancestry
and, although he was respected within the circle of intellectuals of his time, Simmel was always perceived as a marginal. As a result of this experience,
he wrote extensively on the nature of association, culture, social structure, the city and the economy. His work is different from that of his
contemporaries, and the reason for that is because he does not deliver a unified theory of the social; not revealing completely the profound way of
modern condition. Other sociologists such as Manhein, Lukacs or Kracauer have highlighted his ability to describe the modern experience through
everyday situations, comparing him with an Impressionist painter:

What did Georg Simmel seek to demonstrate through his...
What did Georg Simmel seek to demonstrate through his "formal" sociology?
Georg Simmel (1858 – 1918) was living in Berlin at a time when Sociology was beginning to form as a science, most notably with the work of Comte
setting up the positivist methodology of studying society. In the intellectual world he was an outsider and struggled, becoming a full professor without
a chair only in 1901.
Through formal sociology Simmel was proposing an alternative way of thinking to his contemporaries. I found Simmel's writing very paradoxical. He
purposes a more qualitative method of investigation rather then the quantitative method of positivists. Simmel together with Max Weber formed the
anti–positivist a movement that opposed positivism. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He goes further to say that even historical events which are unique, such as the murder of Caesar, the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo may be
nonrecurrent events. But one must look at "the underlying uniformities" (Coser, 1977) instead of the uniqueness of the events. Sociologist may look at
how the institution of kingship restricted there actions yet Simmel alludes to a further abstraction that kingship is not important but the processes of
conflict and cooperation, subordination and superoridination, centralisation and decenratliazion. These are Simmel's building block of society, the
"social forms". He provides this dialectical geometric structure of society, made of a multiplicity of these processes working in a unidirectional
manner. Simmel is providing a different explanation of history as a social interpretation of "societal production" of historical phenomena (Kurt Wolff,
1950) and not in terms of production by individuals or divine interference. With this point it is easy to see that Simmel is trying to create a flexible
"sociological viewpoint", he never tells us what to do but provides us with different approaches to analysis. For Simmel "societal production" is the
social explanation of historical phenomena. Which in other words means that historical phenomena are social products. This is one of the most
important

Clarus Vs Woyzeck
After reading through Doctor Johann Christian August Clarus's legal accountability on Johann Woyzeck one manages to immerse themselves in
Clarus's thoughts on Woyzeck and whether or not he is accountable for the murder he committed. Throughout Clarus's report, I received such biased
thoughts that it became hard to keep moving on. Managing to continue on with the report, it became very clear very fast that Clarus believes in an
eye for an eye, or in this case, punishment for crime above all else. This being the case it made me wonder whether or not it was just Clarus resenting
the fact he had to write this report a second time, or the fact that Clarus believes in legal accountability no matter the case. After deciding that it must be
the latter,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But after reading Buchner's drama it is hard to ignore the fact that the drama and Clarus's report are two completely different ways of looking into this
case. After watching the film, I felt as if I truly got a feel for Woyzecks character when in the book elements are placed throughout that bring upon the
ideas of sanity and unsound mind. Throughout the film the main piece that stood out above just reading the book was the facial expressions that the
character Woyzeck gives, but out of all of them one rises above the rest. The facial expression was that of just a person who seemed to not be fully
aware what was going on in any scenario, as if something must be wrong in their head or at the very least, always preoccupied with worrisome
thoughts that distracted them from reality. Just by closely examining these expressions, one can take them as a response to Clarus's thoughts on
Woyzecks "state of mind" during the murder he committed. Regardless of what the producer of the film intended.
However when just examining the book by itself, one truly begins to see this "critical response" to Clarus's report. In the scene in which he is with his
military friend Andres, one gets a first glimpse at Woyzeck and the question of stable mind. "Something's moving behind me, under me. (stamps on
ground.) Hollow–you hear that? It's all hollow down there. The Freemasons! (pg. 137)" When comparing this bit with Clarus's thoughts on Woyzecks
visions of Freemasons, it is hard to conclude that it is just the fault of just high blood pressure and

Vigilance Essay
Spc Drummond, Casey
Vigilance Essay Feb 2015
1028 words
The price of freedom is eternal vigilance. (Quote– Desmond Tutu)
Vigilance is defined as the action or state of being alert and watchful. It is concerned both with what is and what will be. Thus it is important to be
Vigilant in the army for many reasons. Not the least of which being it could keep you and your buddies alive despite the world's best attempts to make
you otherwise. But it means more than just staying awake and alert at guard duty. It means both being mentally and physically prepared to react to
changing conditions and to being aware and cognizant of the current conditions. There are three important categories to discuss here and expound
upon. The First is Vigilance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nursing demands vigilance about people. The sights and smells that a patient offers, their movements and their offhand comments all contribute crucial
information to understanding what they need. Training and experience heighten one's ability to see what needs to be seen. (Quote– Steven Amsterdam)
But vigilance is not just a tangible watchfulness or alertness. It can be intangible as well. Vigilance TO duty means that you are not only vigilant
on duty but about your duties. It means that you maintain a watch on YOURSELF as well as the world and others. That way you do not slip and
begin to neglect your duties. This is just as important as being vigilant on duty. Making sure schedules are made and kept, responsibilities are
divided up properly, records are updated, supplies are ordered and so on ad nauseam are all things you have to maintain vigilance over every day no
matter your duty or post. It is an attention to detail that you resolve to maintain always. It is the sign of a professional and skilled person to be vigilant
to your duties and on duty.
Be vigilant; guard your mind against negative thoughts. (Quote by – Buddha)
Eternal vigilance is the price of eternal development. (Quote by – Gordon B. Hinckley)
It is also a sign of a professional and skilled person to be vigilant in their duties. The same alert watchful attention to detail that makes such a person stay

Heroics of Women in Ibsens A Dolls House Essay
Heroics of Women in Ibsens A Dolls House The Heroics of Women
Henrik Ibsen's "A Doll's House" is a play about a young wife and her husband. Nora and Helmer seem to be madly in love with one another and very
happy with their lives together. Yet the conflict comes into this show when Nora brags to her friend Ms. Linde about how she had forged her father's
name to borrow money to save her husband's life and how she had been secretly paying off this debt. Helmer finds out about this crime and is furious,
until he finds that no one will ever know about it. This entire conflict is written to bring to light the ridiculous social expectations demanded of both
women and men. Ibsen expertly leads the audience into accepting that these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He gives her extra money for Christmastime expenditures and also seeks to give her some luxurious. "Tell me just what – within reason – you'd most
like to have. (Ibsen 1570)" Helmer is a certainly a man that lives up to what is expected of him, inside and outside the home.
Nora, as a woman, also has many expectations she must try to live up to. By natural design, women are not good with money, with planning, or with
complicated thinking. They are certainly the underclass of the sexes. This condition was caused by the fact that women were forced to mold
themselves into a model themselves that men deem desirable and best. The wants and desires of women were put aside so that they may better
perform the role of pleasing the men in their lives. They were there to support their husbands and help carry on the tasks of keeping the house in
order, or they're to care for their fathers and clean his house of generally care for him. This entire social condition became an inescapable cycle, since
men chose what men should and would be like and they chose as suits them. A woman did not have the opportunity to go out and "find herself" or to
further her own talents and abilities. They were instead molded into a shape that would further enhance the men's talents and abilities. Yet even though
the weakest characteristics were attributed to women, great responsibility was put on them as regarding the raising of their children. It was commonly
assumed that

Georg Simmel : Adolf Weber And Ferdinand Tonnies
Georg Simmel Georg Simmel was born on March 1, 1858 in Berlin, Germany and died on September 28, 1918 in Strassburg, Germany. Simmel's was
raised in a Jewish home but later his family converted over to Protestantism. Simmel trained as a philosopher, he also belonged to the first generation
of German sociologists. Once receiving a doctorate in philosophy at the University of Berlin in 1881, Simmel became a lecturer at that university in
sociology, philosophy, ethics, art, and psychology. Simmel later was known for the amazing lectures he gave, he attracted the intellectual elite of
Berlin as well of people from across the world. Simmel was a founding member of the German Sociological Society, along with German
sociologists such as Max Weber and Ferdinand TГ¶nnies. By 1900 Simmel 's work was well known throughout Europe, Russia, and the Americas
and his goal was to formally attain a position at the university, which he was unsuccessful. In 1901 he was granted an honorary position that placed
him above the rank of lecturer but left him out of the mainstream affairs of the university. Many believed that Simmel did not achieve a formal
position at the university because of his Jewish heritage and his popularity outside of academia, which made him appear unreliable to many of his
colleagues causing him not to get the position early on in his career. Later though in 1914, four years before his death, he became a full professor at
the University of Strassburg.
Georg

Faust Greed Essay
Goethe uses the characters in Faust to show the destruction that insatiable greed causes. The characters of Faust, Gretchen, and Mephistopheles are
each overcome by their own greed and inability to find satisfaction in life. Goethe's warning of the inevitable downfall greed causes is still relevant the
selfish society of today.
Goethe ensures the audience members bear witness to multiple forms of greed within the title character. Faust sees no value in his impressive
accomplishments, because they have not afforded him substantial wealth or property. Driven by this greed, he signsMephistopheles' deal and begins his
descent into immorality. When Faust spots Gretchen, he is already under Mephistopheles' influence and so overcome with lust that ... Show more
Goethe uses Mephistopheles to voice his disapproval of those that would spend their energy destroying others to satisfy their own desires.
Mephistopheles creates chaos in the lives of others, including Faust, Gretchen, and the emperor, simply to entertain himself. This desire to destroy
others, for his own personal gain is what leads him to make the wager with God. However, in the end, Mephistopheles falls victim to his own
greed. Overcome by his own lust for the angels that arrive to save Faust, he loses the man's soul and consequently, the wager. Goethe's message is
clear, one should never exploit others for personal gain and still bares weight today. One can imagine Goethe would have some choice words for
Bernie Madoff. The talented Wall Street tycoon spent his efforts swindling friends and clients out of billions of dollars. Madoff was of course caught
and will spend the rest of his life in jail. One can only imagine what Madoff could create if used his talents for good, rather than to advance his own
despicable greed.
Goethe's ability to understand the driving forces within the human psyche is one reason Faust still survives today. Greed, as depicted by the characters
of Faust, Gretchen, and Mephistopheles, is still prevalent in society today. It is interesting to consider what great work Goethe could create based on
the world today. Although, he seems to have perfectly captured it

Theory, Computer Science And Axiomatizations Of Set Theory
Set Theory, Computer Science and axiomatizations of Set Theory
Prashant Sharma
MATH419 D001 Sum 15
American Military University
Instructor Mehrdad Mahmoudi Zarandi
Abstract
This paper contains the brief introduction of Set theory which included the definition, origination, history and modernization of set theory and
mathematical field related to it. The main focus of this paper will be on the application of set theory in different discipline.
Set Theory, Computer Science and axiomatizations of Set Theory
Mathematics is the study of numbers, and counting, and measuring, but that is only the beginning. Mathematics involves the study of number patterns
and relationships. Set theory is an area of mathematics that deals with inconceivable numbers, and bottomless concepts such as infinity. The history of
set theory is relatively dissimilar from the history of most other parts of mathematics. Set Theory was founded by Georg Cantor in 1874 in his paper
"On a Characteristics Property of All Real Algebraic Numbers". Naive set theory is fun, and as we saw with Cantor's diagonalization, it can produce
some incredibly beautiful results. But as we've seen before, in the simple world of naive set theory, it's easy to run into trouble, in the form of
Russell's paradox and a variety of related problems.
The sake of completeness, Russell's paradox concerns the set R={s | s в€‰ s}. Is Rв€€R? If Rв€€R, then by the definition of Rв€‰R. But by
definition, if Rв€‰R,

Mathematics and Theology Blossoming Together
Mathematics and theology have blossomed together throughout history with many great mathematicians also being great theologians. However, in the
modern scientific era, mathematics has become by and large secularized in mainstream academia. Although the secularization of mathematics seems to
ignore mathematics' metaphysical value, in truth, this secularization allows for mathematics to act as a universal tool and allows the individual to
attach his or her own personal truths without marginalizing the beliefs of others, especially in education. In addition, attaching one's personal beliefs to
systems of math and logic may lead to contradicting interpretations of the material when taken into the larger context of society, such as with the
concept of infinity, the meaning of truth and proof, or even the source of mathematics itself. In essence, the secularization of mathematics is a necessity
in our modern dynamic world and in order for mathematics to maintain its effectiveness as a universal tool our personal beliefs must not be attached to
mathematics as a whole.
To begin with, a proper definition of secularization is necessary in order to establish the correct connotation for the term. As denoted by the world
renowned scholar in the study of the sociology of religion, Jose Casanova, secularization is spoken of in three senses:
a.)Secularization as the decline of religious beliefs and practices in modern societies, often postulated as a universal, human, developmental

The Mathematical Concept of Infinity
The implications of infinity (co) are actualiy not that old. The Greeks were some of the first mathematicians recorded to have imagined the concept of
infinity. However, they did not actuaily delve into the entirety of this number. The Greeks used the term "potentially infinite," for the concept of an
actual limitless value was beyond their comprehension. The actual term "infinity" was defined by Georg Cantor, a renowned German mathematician, in
the late nineteenth century. It was originally used in his Set Theory, which is a very important theory to the mathematical world. The value of infinity
can get a bit confusing, as there are different types of infinity. Many claim that infinity is not a number. This is true, but it does have a value. So,
infinity may be used in mathematical equations as the greatest possible value. i The value of infinity Infinity (00) is the greatest possibleivalue that
can exist. However, there are different infinities that, by logic, are greater than other forms of itself. Here is one example: to the set of ait Naturai
numbers Z43, 2, 3, 4,...}, there are an infinite amount of members. This is usualiy noted by Ko, which is the cardinality of the set of alt natural numbers,
Likewise, in the set of ail Real numbers RU, 1.1, 1.11, 1.111,...} there are an infinite amount of members as weli. This sets cardinality is represented
by t' or, as Cantor proved in 1874, N1. it there are an infinite amount of Real values between each of the infinite amount of

The Traversal Of The Infinite
Finiteness has to do with the existence of boundaries. Intuitively, we feel that where there is a separation, a border, a threshold– there is bound to be at
least one thing finite out of a minimum of two. This, of course, is not true. Two infinite things can share a boundary. Infinity does not imply symmetry,
let alone isotropy. An entity can be infinite to its "left"– and bounded on its right. Moreover, finiteness can exist where no boundaries can. Take a
sphere: it is finite, yet we can continue to draw a line on its surface infinitely. The "boundary", in this case, is conceptual and arbitrary: if a line drawn
on the surface of a sphere were to reach its starting point – then it is finite. Its starting point is the boundary,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The second thesis is that every substance is made up of simpler substances. The two mathematical antinomies relate to the infinite. The answer to the
first is: "Since the world does not exist in itself (detached from the infinite regression), it exists unto itself neither as a finite whole nor as an infinite
whole." Indeed, if we think about the world as an object, it is only logical to study its size and origins. But in doing so, we attribute to it features
derived from our thinking, not affixed by any objective reality.
Kant made no serious attempt to distinguish the infinite from the infinite regression series, which led to the antinomies. Paradoxes are the offspring of
problems with language. Philosophers used infinite regression to attack both the notions of finiteness (Zeno) and of infinity. Ryle, for instance,
suggested the following paradox: voluntary acts are caused by wilful acts. If the latter were voluntary, then other, preceding, wilful acts will have to be
postulated to cause them and so on ad infinitum and ad nauseam. Either the definition is wrong (voluntary acts are not caused by wilful acts) or wilful
acts are involuntary. Both conclusions are, naturally, unacceptable. Infinity leads to unacceptable conclusions is the not so hidden message.
Zeno used infinite series to attack the notion of finiteness and to demonstrate that finite things are made of infinite quantities of ever–smaller things.
Anaxagoras said that there is no "smallest

Racism And Racism By Georg Simmel
Though unjust to believe, humanity has a strong history of sexism and racism. In a society where men dominated culture, the period of the 1960's used
sexism and racism, as wit, to attract American men. Advertising was used to entertain a society embarked in the ideas of sexism and racism, and in a
period of revolutionary change in technology, the presentation of these ideas were very common. Two very important themes in humanity, man's
relationship to himself, and man's relationship to his community, were not taken seriously in this period of time. Relative to sexist and racist advertising,
John Berger asserts that women are painted/depicted as owner dependent for the male to gaze at, and that women view such art from the same
perspective ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He conveys, "A woman's presence expresses her own attitude to herself, and defines what can and cannot be done to her. Her presence is manifest in
her gestures, voice, opinions, expressions, clothes, chosen surroundings, taste – indeed there is nothing she can do which does not contribute to her
presence. Presence for a woman is so intrinsic to her person that men tend to think of it as an almost physical emanation, a kind of heart or smell or
aura."(P46) In the advertisement, the black woman presents herself as a happy and poor maid, and she is illustrated saying "Is'e sure got a job
now!" Though she is smiling her presence is portrayed in the state of a content mood, racism is portrayed harshly and evidently, with the grammatical
alteration of language. This is used as mockery for the men viewing the advertisement to laugh at the woman, in a sense that she is powerless and
would commit to hiding her gestures, voices, or opinions to serve the people she is serving as a maid. Berger asserts, "A woman must continually
watch herself. She is almost continually accompanied by her own image of herself...From earliest childhood she has been taught to persuade to survey
herself continually. And so she comes to consider the surveryor and the surveryed within her as the two constituent yet always distinct elements of her
identity as a woman."(P47) This idea is relevant to the advertisement because she presents herself with a smile

The Metropolis And Mental Life By Georg Simmel Essay
Biography. This report will focus on the text 'The Metropolis & Mental life' by Georg Simmel and the key arguments of this primary text. It will
start off with a key biography of himself and the influences which he had then will go onto explaining the contribution this key author makes to
social theory. Georg Simmel was born in Berlin (Germany) in 1858 and died in 1918. He delivered and then published one of his most famous
pieces of work 'The Metropolis & Mental Life' in 1903 in New York. Habermas (1996) described Simmel 'as a critic of culture is in a peculiar way
both near to, and far away from us' (Frisby, Featherstone 1997). Simmel was a well known sociologist, his family was business oriented and
Jewish. Weber, Friedrich and Kant (He became interested in the philosophy of his work) all had a key influence on Simmel when he combined all of
his ideas together. Massimo Cacciari made a bold claim that 'the problem of the Metropolis, as a problem of the relation between modern existence
and its forms, is the point from which all of Georg Simmel's Philosophy develops' (Frisby, D 2013). When Simmel talks about living in the city and
what the social structure and economics are like, this is very similar with the analysis Weber uses (Rationalization). Key arguments of the primary texts.
Simmel argues that 'society exists as social forms that come through human interaction' (1971). He was interested in the interactions between
individuals within society over a period of

Georg Ferdinand, Philipp Cantor
Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor was born on March 3, 1845 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. His father, Georg Waldemar Cantor, was a
successful merchant working as a wholesaling agent, then later found another job as a broker in the St. Petersburg Stock Exchange. Georg's father
was born in Denmark and had a deep passion for culture and arts. His mother, Maria Anna BГ¶hm, was from Russia and very musical. Georg
inherited his love for music and arts from his parents, considering he was a wonderful violinist. Georg was brought up as Protestant, which was his
father's religion, but his mother was a Roman Catholic. Georg had a private tutor for a while until he attended a primary school in St. Petersburg. In
1856, his family moved to Germany because of his father's poor health to stay away from Russia's rough winters and to find warmer weather. Georg
was never happy with the move but made the most out of it. They first moved to Wiesbaden, Germany than later moved to Frankfurt, where Georg
studied at the Realschule in Darmstadt. In 1860, Georg graduated with a distinction from Realschule as an outstanding student in mathematics,
especially trigonometry. In 1862, Georg asked his father for permission to study mathematics and was thrilled when his father consented and entered
University of ZГјrich, but that was all cut short when his father passed a year later in 1863. Georg received a substantial amount of inheritance he left
the University of ZГјrich and attended the University of

Essay on George Frideric Handel's Water Music
George Frideric Handel's Water Music
Not only is George Frideric Handel's Water Music extraordinarily beautiful, it also helped to establish the orchestral suite as a legitimate art form.
Written to be performed outside instead of in a theater, it remains one of the most outstanding compositions in Handel's catalogue. Even though it is
somewhat overplayed, the Water Music continues to be a very popular work of art. By nature of the venue this great work was to be performed in,
Handel had to be very original in orchestration. His strong usage of woodwinds and percussion influenced countless composers such as the wind music
of Mozart, Holst, Strauss, Beethoven, Vaughn–Williams, and even Stravinsky. Handel's music proved that he... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
George Frideric Handel is generally considered the second most important Baroque composer after Bach. Unlike Bach's nearly complete focus on
church music in Germany, Handel more openly embraced the French, Italian, and English secular music. Also unlike Bach, Handel did not come
from a long line of musicians. When he was born on February 23, 1685, Handel's family had no idea that he would rise to a legendary status in
music. Handel's father began to see his son's desire to compose at an early age and violently objected. His mother was responsible for nurturing and
continuing his musical education. At the age of seven, Handel was asked to give an organ recital for the Duke of Sachse–Weissenfels. The Duke was
very impressed and awarded the family with a generous amount of money. This event persuaded his father to allow Handel to pursue his musical
career. When his father died in1697, Handel was freed from his father's will. He studied with numerous organists and gained minor fame. In 1703, he
moved to Hamburg. There he met Telemann and began to have many of his works performed. He then traveled to Rome and numerous European
capitals until he settled in England in 1714. He remained a world traveler his entire life which was a main contributing factor to his originality and
probably was responsible for his well–known habit of "borrowing" music

Descartes ' Proof Of The Existence Of God
One of the most important ideas upon which Descartes's proof of the existence of God rests is that rational minds face constraints. While God is the
absolute infinite, humans and other beings exist with limitations on their actions. One of these limitations is human intellect, which Descartes names
as one component of the cause of our tendency toward error as humans. The finite nature of human intellect, he argues, combines with an infinite will
which causes us to seek an understanding of phenomena beyond our intellectual limitations. This is where humans make errors, according to Descartes.
Although he argues that intellect is constrained in the face of free will, the presentation of intellect as a static limitation seems to fall short. Rather, it
makes more sense to advance the idea of intellect as a dynamic concept which, although limited, is capable of advancing toward a greater, more
accurate understanding of the mind and world. In his Fourth Meditation, Descartes aims to achieve a distinction between truth and falsity and, more
particularly, what leads to human error and thus results in false understandings. In doing so, Descartes notes that humans make mistakes which is, of
course, unarguably true. Very briefly, the idea of a demon
–deceiver God is contemplated, but ruled out due to the quality of deceiving being an
imperfection. This rejection allows for a discussion of how humans exist relative to a God that embodies the absolute infinite. In this discussion,

Lenz, by Georg Buchner Essay example
In Buchner's 'Lenz', the protagonist is portrayed as a fallen man, disjointed from society and mentally unstable. Buchner's portrays Lenz's fall into
madness can be seen strongly in his narrative style but also the use of realisation and nature. From this one can evaluate whether the narrative is the
most effective technique in illustrating Lenz's descent into madness
By examining Buchner's narrative style, one can see that it is dissimilar to other German Romantics. Where Von Kleist seems journalistic in 'The
Marchioness of O..' the narrative in 'Lenz' appears as if it has been disrupted by the protagonist. For example when the narrator states 'but at this time he
found it annoying that he could not walk on his head' , one can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Finally, one can argue that 'with these[...] displacements Buchner would have created the thoroughly mad text' that was highly effective because it
subverted the traditional literary values for narration and allows one a deeper portrayal of Lenz's madness.
However, the narrative style is not Buchner's only method for deconstructing the stability of Lenz. Through a series of religious realisations, Lenz
comes to question the power of God. When delivering the sermon Lenz initially feels improved however 'it seemed to him that the universe was full
of wounds; this caused him deep unspeakable pain.' One can infer that Lenz has realised the suffering of those around him that questions his own
reliance on religion as crutch. Moreover, it could imply a lack of faith in God. It is after these religious realisations that Lenz has episodes of madness.
He was alone, alone! The brook murmured, streams poured from his eyes, he hunched himself together, his limbs quivered and he felt he must
disintegrate, so endless was the voluptuous pleasure of it. At last it dawned upon him: he felt a deep pity for himself, he wept for himself; his head
sank upon his breast and he fell asleep.
In this instance, 'hunched' 'quivered' and 'disintegrate' connote unnatural movement that could infer Lenz's mental

A Production Of Woyzeck By Georg Buchner
While designing a show certain key aspects must be thought about in order for the show to flow in a way that will keep audience members
engaged. The show must be true to the script, be pleasing to the eye, offer dynamic characters, and be accessible to the public. In order, for a
production of Woyzeck by Georg Buchner to be produced certain decisions must be made early on. This is due to the incompleteness of the play.
In Buchner's play, the main character of Woyzeck and his family are marginalized to an insane degree. They are crushed by the world around
them, never fully able to reach their full potential because of the societal pressures they experience. In order to interpret this idea, I would make
the set for my production of Woyzeck larger than life. The extravagance of the set would help to advance this metaphor, as it would juxtapose the
mundane, meek nature of Woyzeck and his family. Georg Buchner died before he was able to finished the play which means that because it is
incomplete there is no way for certain to know which order the play is supposed to go in. The fragmented scenes allow the play to take various
forms. The play revolves around the concept that there is no structure. Each scene is independent and follows a story; however, the story can be
altered depending on the order one presents the scenes in and the images one emphasizes. Georg Buchner's original idea can only be interpreted and no
one is certain what he wanted to end the show with. One of the

Essay on The Metropolitan Man
The Metropolitan Man
In Georg Simmel's essay, "The Metropolis and Mental Life" he states, "the psychological foundation, upon which the metropolitan individuality is
erected, is the intensification of emotional life due to the swift and continuous shift and external and internal stimuli" (Highmore 41). In essence
Simmel is suggesting that the continuous activity of the metropolis creates a shield protecting him from outer stimuli that would exhaust his emotions.
But in doing so, his sense of emotional expression becomes unresponsive. Upon examining the metropolitan man Simmel deduces that "metropolitan
life, thus, underlies a heightened awareness and a predominance of intelligence" (Simmel 2). But also leaves the individual less ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In Simmel's essay, "The Metropolis and Mental life", he sets up an comparative image of rural and urban life, "with each crossing of the street, with
the tempo and multiplicity of economic, occupational and social life, the city sets up a deep contrast with small town and rural life with reference to
the sensory foundations of psychic life" (2). The metropolis demands a different type of consciousness than does rural life. The metropolitan man's
life and continually speeding up with little time for emotional growth. The emphasis here rests highly on the intellect and developing a keen
understanding of academics and societal regularities, such as art, literature, and fashion. The pace of rural living is much more lethargic.
Consequently more time is spent developing deep meaningful relationships with people. As Simmel also points out, a person in the city could spend
their whole life not knowing their neighbor, while in the rural areas that would be completely unheard of (6). In essence, individuals in the city rely
heavily in the intellect while those in rural areas put a great deal of emphasis on relationships, both of these are means of survival. Over time there has
been an evolution of the metropolitan man. In Simmel's essay, "The Conflict in Modern Culture" he traces this progress form the early Middle Ages, to

Charles Baudelaire And Georg Simmel
Beauty Effect on Modernity
The works of Charles Baudelaire and Georg Simmel describes their impressions of the individual and the city. Georg Simmel's work was published
in 1903 and was initially a segment of a sequence of lessons carried out by Georg and his fellows analyzing varying features of modern life at the
beginning of the 19th era. In his work, Simmel explains some features of modern customs. Despite being documented in an era where cities were
variant from modern metropolises with the Metropolitans appearing. Georg Simmel's work, especially, the 'megalopolis and the mental life' are still
largely significant to this day. On the other hand, Charles Baudelaire poetic works, especially, 'the painter of urban life', describes the view that the
transitory, mysterious encounters of everyday life in the urban megalopolis constitute a world of impresses worthy of illustration in modern art (Pope
4). The paper is aimed at analyzing and bringing out the similarities in these two works.
In his work, Simmel explains the entity's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With such an instance, Simmel argues that human interactions become short and influential therefore missing the expressive and personal participation
of small societies. The metropolis rise of physical stimulus intimidates the man into being coherent and influential in his social interactions. The
individual will have to screen out much inducement to be able psychologically to manage with its degree. Therefore, the megalopolis mental life is
essentially knowledgeable, not expressive (Simmel 33). Simmel argues that societies are confined to time, functioning on the chronometer. All aspects
in the city are quantifiable, the qualitative value is decreased to quantifiable, and this produces whatever Simmel defines as nonchalant, which implies
shallowness, dullness, insignificance and

BlasГ© Project
BlasГ© Project explores representations of identities, behaviors & style in the 21st Century's art and society, through a series of acts taking on the
codes of fashion and media. BlasГ© means unimpressed with, or indifferent to something because one has experienced or seen it so often before.
BlasГ© can also be interrupted as being bored from over indulgence. My exploration of the construct BlasГ© started as an intertextual response to
G. Simmel's essay "Metropolis & the Mental Life" (1903). Simmel examines the factors and manifestations of this psychic state of indifference,
typical to the urban individual. "The deepest problems of modern life derive from the claim of the individual to preserve the autonomy and the
individuality of his existence in the face of overwhelming social forces, historical heritage, external culture and of the technique of life" ~ G. Simmel.
The first part of my project "BlasГ©. Unimpressed and Still Existing" was inspired by Simmel's essay and by Michel Houellebecq's novel... Show more
Individuals' reflections and testimonials, harnessing radical temporality, consumerist comfort & uber–connectivity that might lead to BlasГ©,
propagating the idea of a populace that is largely apathetic. A further happening conceptualized on the idea of the new community and the sense of
urgency BlasГ© concept provokes. The public was invited to engage in a "creative execution" shooting the black and white representation of BlasГ©
using colored–ink loaded guns, poetically massacring the grey reality. Providing not merely a "feel–good–moment", but also formalistically creating
new art works by the public. "I break the bank like an athlete, hon Shawty krunk drunk, fucking up her new Louboutins If I let her in my Masi she
might be a trending topic Before she gotta ride it, bust it, pop it, blasГ©, blasГ©" – Ty Dolla

Personal Narrative: My Binge Watching Project
When brainstorming for my Binge Watching Project (BWP), I worked backwards. While most people thought of TV shows or movies they enjoyed
and tried to think of projects to fit those shows. I first thought of my project and then found a show to fit what I wanted to do. This stemmed from my
original idea for the creative project being creating a political campaign for one character from a series. I chose this due to my love of characters and
my passion for politics. I settled on Grace and Frankie as the show my project would center around, mainly due to the deep well explained characters
in the series. The steps I needed to follow in order to create this project were watch the television show, decide on a character to create a campaign for,
decide what aspects of a campaign to simulate, create a platform and media for a campaign, and, finally, review the material to ensure it met the
personality of the character I was attempting to work with. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While watching I took notes and paid close attention to all the dialogue and actions carried out by the characters concerning politics and stances. This
was not the easy in Grace and Frankie, for, "...the characters occasionally blister, erupting in anger or sadness, and that emotional honesty gives the
show the weight..." and in these moments much can be learned about the characters useful for my project (VanDerWerff). The depth of the characters
is what drew me to this show but also proved to be one difficulty in creating my project. Another problem I faced was having so much to watch, but a
small amount of time to watch, since I had not seen the show

The Stranger Theory : Sociologist Georg Simmel
In this essay, I will be explaining a social concept called the stranger theory, which is a concept and idea, that sociologist Georg Simmel came up
with. I will be describing what it means in my own words, based off research that I have done as well as using the information that we gathered and
talked about in our sociological theory class. I will be using a personal story as well as an example of Muslim Americans, to better explain what the
stranger concept is. Then I will be talking about a case study group such as American Muslims, where I will go into greater detail to better explain the
stranger theory and how frequently this population experiences this concept on a daily basis. Lastly, I will analyze an academic source which refers...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An example where I felt like a stranger was the first two years of High school. I was a three–sport athlete that always hung around athletes. When we
would hang out away from our sport, it was awful for me. I just could not connect with them, which made me feel like an outsider, and a stranger. I
longed for the special bond they had. But I had a different and odd personality that did not mesh in with the people that I constantly were
surrounded by, and was not really accepted because of it. The more I tried to put on an image to fit in the worse it got for myself. It was hard for
me to accept the fact that they were never going to accept me for whom I was, and it is not like I could just make a different me. The more I stuck
around and tried to fit in, the more I'd get laughed at, mocked, etc. I never really felt accepted because of this, and I saw myself as "different." This
was a personal example of what it felt like in my life to be a "stranger." An example that we talked about in class was with Muslim Americans. We
watched a film which gave us a perfect visual and explained why this group was one of the best examples of the stranger theory that we could come up
with. There are many Muslim Americans that are here in the United States, but feel unwelcomed, because of their many other American peers and how
they perceive Muslim Americans. The source

Lenz, by Georg Buchner
In Buchner's 'Lenz', the protagonist is portrayed as a fallen man, disjointed from society and mentally unstable. Buchner's portrays Lenz's fall into
madness in his narrative style, the use of realisation and the use of nature. Moreover, one can evaluate their effectiveness in portraying Lenz's descent
into madness.
By examining Buchner's narrative style, one can see that it is dissimilar to other German Romantics. Where Von Kleist seems journalistic in 'The
Marchioness of O..' the narrative in 'Lenz' appears as if it has been disrupted by the protagonist. For example when the narrator states 'but at this time he
found it annoying that he could not walk on his head' , one can allude that this is Lenz distorting the narrative with his ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, the narrative style is not Buchner's only method for deconstructing the stability of Lenz. Through a series of religious realisations, Lenz
comes to question the power of God. When delivering the sermon Lenz initially feels improved however 'it seemed to him that the universe was full
of wounds; this caused him deep unspeakable pain.' One can infer that Lenz has realised the suffering of those around him that questions his own
reliance on religion as crutch. Moreover, it could imply a lack of faith in God. It is after these religious realisations that Lenz has episodes of madness.
He was alone, alone! The brook murmured, streams poured from his eyes, he hunched himself together, his limbs quivered and he felt he must
disintegrate, so endless was the voluptuous pleasure of it. At last it dawned upon him: he felt a deep pity for himself, he wept for himself; his head
sank upon his breast and he fell asleep.
In this instance, 'hunched' 'quivered' and 'disintegrate' connote unnatural movement that could infer Lenz's mental state. Moreover, with the use of
'voluptuous pleasure one could allude that Lenz was enjoying his suffering, as if he deserved it. Due to these attacks occurring after religious
realisations, one could imply that religion has a deep effect on Lenz's Psyche. It seems that as Lenz becomes more

Greg Cantor Research Paper
A famous German mathematician, Georg Cantor is known for discovering and building a hierarchy of infinite sets according to their cardinal
numbers. He is also known for inventing the Cantor set, which is now a fundamental theory in mathematics. Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor
was born on March 3, 1845 in Saint Petersburg, Russia, to Georg Waldemar Cantor and Maria Anna Bohm. His father was a German Protestant and
his mother was Russian Roman Catholic. Cantor was brought up as a staunch Protestant and inherited the love for the arts from his parents. He
displayed an aptitude for music at a young age. He also excelled in his studies and was particularly drawn towards mathematics. He received his
education from the University of Berlin... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, he established the importance of one–to–one correspondence in set theory. He suffered from mental illness during the later years of his
life, yet he remained actively involved in mathematical works. He was awarded the Sylvester Medal, which is a highly prestigious award in
mathematics. Cantor was also interested in music and arts. It is said that Cantor was a spiritual personality and believed that God communicated some
of his mathematical discoveries to him.
Georg Cantor began his career by teaching in a Berlin girls' school for a brief period of time. He then accepted a position at the University of Halle,
where he spent his entire career. He joined as a lecturer in 1869 and was promoted to assistant professor in 1872, and full professor in 1879. He
published a series of ten papers from 1869 to 1873 in which he dealt with the theory of numbers. A colleague, Heinrich Eduard Heine, recognized
Cantor's capability and encouraged him to work on the theory of trigonometric series. He started with the work performed on trigonometric series by
the German mathematician Bernhard Riemann a few years ago, and extended it to show that the function of a complex variable can be represented in
only one way by a

The Role Of Urban Life In The 19th Century
It cannot be denied that the late 18th century and early 19th century were revolutionary eras. Significant and remarkable events such as the industrial
revolution, the evolution of rural areas, the development of new inventions and machinery, the rise of capitalism and individualism, but more
importantly, people migrating from rural to urban areas to have a better lifestyle, were topics clearly depicted in the writings of Ferdinand TГ¶nnies,
Georg Simmel, Jane Jacobs, Robert Putnam, Barry Wellman, and Barry Leighton. All these authors made great contributions to the study of urban life
and contemporary urban sociology. TГ¶nnies's, Simmel's, Jacobs's, Putnam's, Wellman's, and Leighton's writings mainly illustrate the dramatic changes
that the world faced as a result of the transition from traditional society to a modern, industrial and urban society. Furthermore, these writers developed
concepts to explain human interaction in metropolitan areas and to explain how modernity and urbanity have changed dramatically the nature of
human interactions. In Community and Society, TГ¶nnies (1887) discusses the concepts of Gemeinschaft (community) and Gesellschaft (society).
According to these concepts, people living in community and people living in a society will develop a different type of will; these are essential will
and arbitrary will. TГ¶nnies explains that individuals who form part of the Gemeinschaft act under essential will. Essential will prioritizes the
community's goals

The Philosophical Hermeneutics Of Biblical Interpretations
The concept of understanding " knowledge and truth corresponds to the whole of our hermeneutic experience" (Gadamer, 2013 p.250). In this essay, I
aim to address Gadamerian philosophical hermeneutics under conditions to "support consciousness that informs us of our relationship with the
environment "(Clingerman, Treanor, Drenthen, & Utsler,2013, p.4). I will provide an a short historical background ofhermeneutics particular to the
function of the religious text. For the long term goal, I examine air quality as an environmental hermeneutic issue by connecting to Gadamer's argument
" that understanding belongs to the specific nature of our human life.( Gadamer,2014).
Biblical Interpretations
From a historical perspective, it is important to note that the term hermeneutics has been applied to justify biblical interpretations. Unique to the
principles of biblical interpretations one may reference the hermeneutics relationship between the " New and Old Testaments as Jesus interprets himself
to the Jews regarding scriptural prophecy"(Bentz, 2015, p.35). Moreover, the study of the term hermeneutics emerged in non–biblical literature, thus
forming the foundation that focused on man's art, actions, and writings (Bentz,2015), that gives respect to different beliefs. In non–biblical literature,
hermeneutics cores to the discipline of human science by philosophical thinkers; they critique text to further their dimensions of

The Teachings Of Georg Simmel And George Herbert Mead
Georg Simmel and George Herbert Mead are famously influential sociologists who made significant contributions to the exploration of society, the
construction and established theories of society and the way individual people act within a society. Both of the sociologists were interested in the way
that people create the society and the laws used to govern from within. Despite the similarity of the subject studied, the scientist took very different
approaches in their research and beliefs. I've even heard of them referenced as the "ying and yang of sociology". Mead is considered the paradigm of
symbolic interaction using a pragmatic approach in his research, Simmel focuses on duality and is often referred to as one of the founders of ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The nature of "I" is entirely socially, its main characteristic is the ability to become an object for oneself, hence, the ability to self–consciousness,
which distinguishes it from inanimate objects and living bodies (p. 378). The features of the behavior and the establishment of the group, a specific
socio–cultural system, a certain society, according to Mead are the concepts of "generalized other." Elements of the generalized other can also be
inanimate objects in the form of objects of material culture and physical environment.
The paragmatic standpoints of the sociologist are different. Simmel's vision is detacher from the particular individuals and in concentrated on the group
as the analysis item. Group, according to Simmel, is an entity that has an independent reality, exists according to its own laws and is independent of the
individual agents. A group, just as an individual, has a tendency to self–preservation due to a special vitality, the basis and process of which Simmel
studies. Mead, in his turn, seeks to solve the problem of the individual self and consciousness about world and society. The key concept in his research
is the concept of action, active activity (and not just a passive reaction according to the stimulus–response scheme as in classical behaviorists). Both of
them mind action as the part of the social life, however,

A Production Of Woyzeck By Georg Buchner
While designing a show, certain key aspects must be thought about in order for the show to flow in a way that will keep audience members
engaged. The show must be true to the script, be pleasing to the eye, offer dynamic characters, and be accessible to the public. In order, for a
production of Woyzeck by Georg Buchner to be produced certain decisions must be made early on. This is due to the incompleteness of the play.
In Buchner's play, the main character of Woyzeck and his family are marginalized to an insane degree. They are crushed by the world around
them, never fully able to reach their full potential because of the societal pressures they experience. In order to interpret this idea, I would make
the set for my production of Woyzeck larger than life. The extravagance of the set would help to advance this metaphor, as it would juxtapose the
mundane, meek nature of Woyzeck and his family. Georg Buchner died before he was able to finished the play which means that because it is
incomplete there is no way for certain to know which order the play is supposed to go in. The fragmented scenes allow the play to take various
forms. The play revolves around the concept that there is no structure. Each scene is independent and follows a story; however, the story can be
altered depending on the order one presents the scenes in and the images one emphasizes. Georg Buchner's original idea can only be interpreted and no
one is certain what he wanted to end the show with. One of the

Discrete Computational Exercises Section 2-5 Essay
COT3103
10/21/2014
Exercises Section 2.5
2. Determine whether each of these sets is finite, countably infinite, or uncountable. For those that are countably infinite, exhibit a one–to–one
correspondence between the set of positive integers and that set.
a. The integers greater than 10.
This is countably infinite.
Starting from the first integer greater than 10, which is 11, one can infinitely count upwards since there is no boundary on the right side of the number
line for this instance.
The equation Ж’(x) = x + 11 can be used to show a one–to–one correspondence. x: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ...
Ж’(x): 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 ...
b. The odd negative integers.
Starting from the first odd negative integer closest to 0, which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
a. Integers not divisible by 3.
This set is countable.
The integers in the set are В±1, В±2, В±4, В±5, В±7, and so on.
We can list these numbers in the order 1, в€’1, 2, в€’2, 4, в€’4, 5, в€’5, 7, в€’7, ... , thereby establishing the desired correspondence. x: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, .
Ж’(x): 1, –1, 2, –2, 3, –3, ...
b. Integers divisible by 5 but not by 7.
This is similar to part (a); we can simply list the elements of the set in order of increasing absolute value, listing each positive term before its
corresponding negative: (x): 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9...

Ж’(x): 5, –5, 10, –10, 15, –15, 20, –20, 25, –25, 30, –30 40, –40, ...
c. The real numbers with decimal representations consisting of all 1s.
This set is countable but a little tricky.
We can arrange the numbers in a 2–dimensional table as follows:
Thus we have shown that our set is the countable union of countable sets (each of the countable sets is one row of this table).
Therefore by Exercise 27, the entire set is countable.
For an explicit correspondence with the positive integers, we can zigzag along the positive–sloping diagonals as in Figure 3: 1в†” .1 , 2в†” 1.1 ,
3в†”.1, 4в†”.11, 5в†”1, and so on.
d. The real numbers with decimal representations of all 1s or 9s.
This set is not countable.
We can prove it by the same diagonalization argument as was used to prove that the set of all reals is uncountable in Example 5.
All we need to do is choose di =

Double Consciousness and the Stranger Essay
Throughout history, Georg Simmel and W.E.B. Du Bois have had a significant influence on important theories and ideas developed in the Social
Sciences. Perhaps two of the most relevant and well–known concepts developed by both of these theorists are the concepts of "double consciousness"
and "the stranger". In this paper I will be analyzing both of these pieces of work to draw upon differences and similarities between the two. The
similarities I will be elaborating on are the usage of the paradoxical figure, which both Simmel and Du Bois discuss in their theories, and the coexisting
feeling of division from mainstream society. The difference between the two theories that I will be exploring is the perception that mainstream society
has of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He is fixed within a certain spatial circle– or within a group whose boundaries are analogous to spatial boundaries– but his position within it is
fundamentally affected by the fact that he does not belong in it initially and that he brings qualities into it that are not, and cannot be, indigenous to
it" (Simmel, 143). Simmel defines the stranger as one that is both close and far; that is physically close, but socially distant. He disassociates his
concept from the understanding of the stranger as one who comes and goes. Rather, the stranger he speaks of in this case is one who comes and
stays, but has not been socialized under the same conditions as mainstream society. Despite this, the stranger is not a person who is withdrawn from
society and is unaware of social norms. Rather, someone is inorganically appended to the society, but still an organic member of the group (ibid,
149). The stranger is seen as and valuable member of society because it is, in no way connected to any one individual. The stranger holds a certain
objectivity, and can be confessed to without the threat of judgment on the confessor (ibid, 145). Simmel believes that the role of stranger is historically
related to certain forms of economic interaction, particularly trade. Because the role of the stranger is never the

Spiritual Murder in Buchner's Woyzeck Essay
Spiritual Murder in Georg Buchner's Woyzeck
Throughout dramatic history, tragedies have depicted a hero's humanity being stripped from him. Usually, as in Shakespeare's classic paradigms, we
see the hero, whether King Lear or Othello, reduced from his original noble stature to nothingness and death. YetGeorg Buchner's fragmentary play
Woyzeck shows us a protagonist already stripped of humanity, transformed into and treated as an animal. Indeed, Woyzeck, far from being a simple
tale of a village murder, shows us the systematic debasement, even intellectual and spiritual "murder," of the protagonist and all his class.
Like August Strindberg's Ghost Sonata, Woyzeck identifies most of its characters only by... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Others, in turn, speak of her as an animal, especially the Drum Major. At first sight of her, he says she is "good enough for the propagation of
cavalry regiments and the breeding of drum majors!" (scene III), as if she were nothing but an animal to be bred. Later, he repeats "Hell, let's
breed a race of drum majors, hey?" and calls her "You wildcat!" (scene VI). Woyzeck, crushed by visible evidence of Marie's infidelity, cries "Why
doesn't God blow out the sun so that everything can roll around in lust, man and woman, man and beast. They'll do it in broad daylight, they'll do it on
our hands, like flies." (scene XI).
Animal imagery especially surrounds Woyzeck himself, in his interactions with the characters who oppress and dehumanize him. The Captain sighs
that "I feel sorry for horses when I think that the poor beasts have to go everywhere on foot." (scene IX). Yet he cares even less for Woyzeck, for he
ridicules the poor soldier mercilessly about Marie's unfaithfulness. As Woyzeck hurries away, the Captain says "that tall rascal takes off like the
shadow before a spider" (scene IX) –– Woyzeck is comparable to an insect, in the captain's view. But the Doctor is the most persistent and obvious
character is his disparagement of Woyzeck as an animal. He complains that Woyzeck "pissed on the wall like a dog" and exclaims that "if it were a
Proteus that were dying –– !" (scene VIII). Woyzeck has

Georg Simmel And Morality

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