5 Common Usage MisConceptions

1. Shiv Pratap Singh
B-tech (EC)
E-Mail : shiv.safari@gmail.com1

2. Common Computer
Myth’s
A Seminar on Common Computer Hardware Related Misconceptions and
Facts
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3. Myth 1
Formatting a Flash Drive is the same thing as Erasing its contents.
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4. USB flash drive
A USB flash drive, also known under a variety of other names,
is a data storage device that includes flash memory with an integrated Universal Serial Bus
(USB) interface. USB flash drives are typically removable and rewritable
1 USB Standard, Male A-plug
2 USB mass storage controller device
3 Test point
4 Flash memory chip
5 Crystal oscillator
6 LED (Optional)
7 Write-protect switch (Optional)
8 Space for second flash memory chip
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5. Flash Memory
Flash memory is an electronic non-volatile computer storage medium that can be
electrically erased and reprogrammed.
0 V
OPEN
Programming a Flash MemoryErasure of a Flash MemoryFlash Cell Structure
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6. Formatting
 1. Testing each memory cell in the
Flash storage device.
 2. Identifying all defective cells
and taking steps to ensure that no
data will be written to or read
from a defective cell.
 3. Reserving some cells to serve as
“spares.”
 4. Creating a File Allocation Table
 5. Reserving some cells for use by
the Flash storage device’s
controller
 6. Where applicable, reserving
some cells for special features
Erasing
 1. Removing the Address Linked with
all the contents stores in the flash
drive.
 Replacing the stored clusters with the
newer data replaced.
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7. Myth 2
Graphic Memory is the main factor of graphic whether the PC is having
Internal or External Graphic.
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8. Integrated Graphics
video card, video hardware integrated into the motherboard or the CPU.
Dedicated Graphics
An expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a display
(such as a computer monitor)
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9. Onboard
Graphic
Controller
Southbridge
(I/O Controller
Hub)
IDE
SATA
USB
ETHERNET
Audio Codec
CMOS Memory
Northbridge
(Memory
Controller Bus)
CPU
Flash
ROM(BIOS)
Clock
Generator
Front Side-Bus
Chipset
Graphic
Card
Slot
High-Speed
Graphic
Bus
(AGP/PCI-Express )
PCI Bus
PCI Slot
LPC Bus
Cables And Ports
Leading off-board
PCI Bus
Memory
Bus
Memory SLots
Internal Bus
Mother Board Layout
Super I/O
Serial Port
Parallel Port
Keyboard
Mouse
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10. Graphic Usage
Dedicated Graphic
NVidia
Integrated Graphic
AMD
Integrated Graphic
INTEL
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11. Myth 3
Clock Speed is the main factor of measuring speed.
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12. Clock rate
The clock rate typically refers to the frequency at which a chip like a
central processing unit (CPU), one core of a multi-core processor is running,
and is used as an indicator of the processor's speed.
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13. Front-side bus
Refers to the external interface from the processor to the rest of the computer system,
as opposed to the back side, where the
back-side bus connects the cache (and potentially other CPUs).
Cache
It is a component that stores data so future requests for that data can be served
faster; the data stored in a cache might be the results of an earlier computation, or
the duplicates of data stored elsewhere.
CPU
Cache
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14. Memory bandwidth
It is the rate at which data can be read from or stored into
a semiconductor memory by a processor, usually expressed in units of bytes/second,
Multi-core processor
It is a single computing component with two or more independent actual processing units
(called "cores"), which are the units that read and execute program instructions.
The instructions are ordinary CPU instructions, but the multiple cores can run
multiple instructions at the same time, increasing overall speed by parallel computing.
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15. Myth 4
AMD is less good as compared to INTEL.
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16. Early AMD 8080 Processor The die from an Intel 8742
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17. Intel’s Approach
12 cores with 6 shared cores
AMD’s Approach
12 cores with 12 dedicated threads
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18. AMD
•User Rating (245): 3.8/5
Intel
•User Rating (202): 3.75/5
Founded 1969 1968
Headquarters Sunnyvale, California Santa Clara, California
Products
Microprocessors, Motherboard chipsets,
DTV decoder chips, Handheld media
chips
Microprocessors, Flash memory,
Motherboard chipsets, Network interface
cards, Bluetooth chipsets
Revenue $5.649 billion in 2006 $31.5 billion in 2006
Net income $166 million $5 billion
Employees 16,719 94,100
Slogan Smarter Choice Leap Ahead
Website www.amd.com www.intel.com
CEO Hector Ruiz Paul S Otellini
Stands for Advanced Micro Devices Intel Corporation
What is it?
A company that produces CPU chips,
motherboards, and other circuitry for personal
computers / Windows software.
World’s leading manufacturer of CPU chips. Also
produces motherboards and other circuitry for
personal computers / Windows software
Company Type Public Public
Listed on NYSE (AMD) NASDAQ (INTC), SEHK (4335)
Comparison chart18

19. Myth 5
Shift+Del deletes the data completely from the Hard-Disk.
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20. Hard disk drive
It is a data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital information
using one or more rigid rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material.
The platters are paired with magnetic heads arranged on a moving actuator arm,
which read and write data to the platter surfaces.
Data is accessed in a random-access manner rather than sequentially.
An HDD retains its data even when powered off.
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23. References23

24. 24 1. www.wikipedia.com
• Disk Formatting
• Flash Memory
• HDD
• Clock
• Cache
• Multi-Core
• Bandwidth
• AMD
• INTEL
• Shared Graphic
• Dedicated Graphic
• FSB
2. www.microsoft.com
3. www.technet.microsoft.com

25. Thank You
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