1. Unit 11 Impressions: Lesson A Speculating
Modal verbs for speculating
Modal verbs are verbs like: must, can't, could, may and might.
You can use some modal verbs with a simple or continuous verb to speculate (= make guesses) about the
present:
She must work hard. (modal + verb)
She must be graduating today. (modal + be+ verb + -ing)
Use must (not) when you are 100% certain about your guess:
She must be a genius. (= I bet she's a genius.)
She must be graduating today. (= I bet she's graduating today.)
She must not go out much. (= I bet she doesn't go out much.)
Use can't when you feel very certain that something is impossible:
She can't be more than 12. (= It's not possible she's more than 12.)
Use could, may and might when you feel less than 100% certain about a guess:
He could be one of her friends. (= It's possible he's one of her friends.)
He may be her professor. (= Maybe he's her professor.)
They might be feeling sad. (= Maybe they're feeling sad.)
2. Unit 11 Impressions: Lesson B Ups and downs
Adjectives ending in -ed and -ing
Adjectives ending in -ed can describe how you feel about someone or something:
I'm bored with my job. (This is how I feel about my job.)
I'm interested in astronomy. (This is how I feel about astronomy.)
I get annoyed with my sister. (This is how I feel about my sister.)
I'm excited about my vacation. (This is how I feel about my vacation.)
Adjectives ending in -ing can describe someone or something:
My job is very boring. (This is a description of my job.)
I think astronomy is interesting. (This is a description of my astronomy.)
She does a lot of annoying things. (This is a description of the things she does.)
My vacation is going to be exciting. (This is a description of my vacation.)
Sometimes there is an adjective ending in -ed, but not an adjective ending in –ing, for example, scared / scary:
I'm scared of spiders. (This is how I feel about spiders.)
but
I think spiders are scary. (This is a description of spiders.)
Positive feelings
amazed (adj)
excited (about) (adj)
fascinated (adj)
interested (in) (adj)
pleased (about) (adj)
surprised (by) (adj)
4. confusing (adj)
disappointing (adj)
embarrassing (adj)
frustrating (adj)
scary (adj)
shocking (adj)
Problems and accidents
fail a test (v)
fall and break something (v)
lock your keys inside the car (v)
spill something all over someone (v)
Other words
scream (n)
spider (n)
