Coordination involves synchronizing the efforts of subordinates to achieve organizational objectives. It integrates diverse interests, balances activities, and adjusts time schedules. Coordination gives a common direction to group efforts and ensures unity of action across departments as it is a continuous, pervasive, and deliberate function performed by all managers. Coordination is important due to an organization's size, functional differentiation, and specialization. It establishes cooperation through both formal and informal relations.

1. Coordination
Coordination: - Coordination is the orderly synchronising of efforts of
subordinateto provideproper amount, timing and quality of execution so that
their united efforts lead to the state objectives, namely, the common purpose
of the enterprise.
Key Elements of Coordination
 Integration:- Coordination integrates all diverseinterest and efforts of
all individual to achieve common goals of an organisation.
 Balancing:- Coordination provides mutualsupportto various activities
so that goals of different units are in line with one another.
 Timing: - Coordination adjusts the time schedules of different activities
so that they can supportone another to deliver the final resultin time.
Nature of Coordination
1. CoordinationIntegrates GroupEfforts: - Coordination gives a common
direction to group efforts to ensurethat work is performed according to
the plans.
2. CoordinationEnsures Unity of Action:- Coordination integrates the
functions of all departments and ensures that all activities aim at
accomplishment of organisationalobjectives.
Coordinatio
n
Planning
Organising
Staffing
Directing
Controlling

2. 3. Coordinationis a Continuous Process:- Coordination is a never ending
process. Itstarts with the functions of planning and continues till
controlling.
4. Coordinationis all Pervasive Function:- All the activities of an
organisation are interrelated and interdependent. Thus coordination is
required at all levels and in all departments.
5. Coordination is the Responsibility of all Managers:- Every manager is
requires performing the function of coordination.
6. Coordinationis a Deliberate Function:- A mangers is required to
coordinate the efforts of different people towards common goal of the
organisation. Coordination gives common direction to the efforts of the
employees who are willing to work and cooperate.
Importance of Coordination
 Size of the Organisation:- The need of coordination arises when the
organisation grows in size. Growth here means increasein number of
employees. Employee with differentvalue experiences and objectives
become part of the organisation to satisfy their needs.
 Functional Differentiation:- Theorganisation is divided into different
departments, sections or divisions. They try to work in isolation and
independently.
 Specialisation:- In modern organisation, diversification and complexities
of technology give rise to specialisation. The organisation hire specialists
who that they are competent to handle their jobs. They do not consult
departmental heads.
Cooperation:- Cooperation refers to the voluntary collective efforts of various
persons working together in an enterprise for achieving common objectives. It
is resultof voluntary action on the partof individual.

3. Coordination and Cooperation
Basis Coordination Cooperation
Meaning Coordination is an orderly
arrangement of group efforts
to maintain harmony among
individual efforts towards
accomplishment of common
goals.
Cooperation is voluntary efforts
of individual to help one other.
Nature Coordination is a system
evolved deliberately by the
managers
Cooperation is an effort that
arises out of informal relations.
Need Coordination is the essence of
management and essential for
achievement of common goals
of an organisation.
Cooperation is voluntary act
that arises out of informal
relations with the desires to
work together.
Managerial
Function
Coordination is implicit and
inherent in all functions of an
organisation; hence it is also
known as essence of
management.
Cooperation is voluntary effort
of individual to work together
with the intention of helping
one other.
Relations Can be achieved through both
formal and informal relations
Arises out of informal relations
only
Scope Wider scope as it includes
cooperation
Narrow scope though it helps to
establish coordination