Training: Training is the act of increasing the knowledge & skill of an employee for doing a particular job

1. Training
Training: Training is the act of increasing the knowledge & skill of an employee for doing a
particular job.
Education: Education can be defined as the process of increasing the knowledge and
understanding.
Development: Development refers to a process which include not only such activities as
help in improving the job performance but also those activities which results in growth of
the personality of an individual.
Need for Training
1. Essential for new employees: Training is required to make fresher or new
employees learn the required job, knowledge skills and methods quickly for
achieving economy, effectiveness and efficiency.
2. Improves performance: Training is not only required for new employees but also for
existing employees to improve their performance further.
3. Improves employee attitude: Training reduces absenteeism and labour turnover as
trained worker become self-motivated. They become more regular and loyal towards
their jobs.
4. Reduced supervision: Training reduces supervision cost to a great extent as trained
employees work with more confidence and require less of supervision to handle
their jobs.
5. Coping with changes in techniques: The fast rate of scientific and technological
developments.
6. Benefits to employees: A trained employee acquire new attitudes and skills, which
ultimately enhance his market value.
Essential for
new
employees
Improves
performance
Improves
employee
attitude
Reduced
supervision
Coping with
changes in
techniques
Benifits to
employees

2. Methods of Training: The various methods of providing training can be classified into
two groups
a) On the job methods
b) Off the job methods
On the job methods: - On the job methods of training refer to those methods under which an
employee is given training while he is actually working. It is the cheapest & less time-consuming
method.
1. Apprenticeship Programs: - It is a type of programme in which people seeking to become
skilled workers like plumber, electrician etc participate. Apprentices are placed under the
guidance of a master worker and spend a prescribed amount of time under his guidance.
2. Coaching: - Under this method, generally the superior acts as a coach and provides guidance
and instructions to the trainee. The coach sets some goals and guides him regarding how to
achieve the same.
3. Internships Training: - This refers to a joint programme of training in which technical
institute and business enterprises cooperate to enable the student gain practical training of
the theoretical knowledge gained in the classroom.
4. Job rotation: - under this method of training an individual is transferred from one job to
another’s or from one department to another in a planned and phased manner. It is suitable
for the new entrants so that they can interact with other employees.
On the job
methods
of training
Apprentic
eship
Program
mes
Coaching
Job
Rotation
Internshi
ps
Training

3. Off the job Methods: - Off the job methods of training refer to those methods which are used away
from the work place or in other words it means learning before doing.
1. Class Room Lectures/Conferences: - This method in generally used for imparting some
special information about rules, procedures or methods etc. in order to make the lectures
more interesting to increase the retention of the trainees, audio-visual aids or
demonstration technical are used.
2. Films: - This method is used to provide certain information or to demonstrate certain skills
which cannot be shown by any other technique effectively.
3. Case Study: - Under this method, the trainees study the various cases based on real life
experiences of managers.
4. Computer Modelling: - Under this method, real working atmosphere is created by
programming a computer to intimate some of the realities of job. This facilitates learning
without the cost that would have been incurred otherwise if mistakes were made in real life
situation.
5. Vestibule Training: - Under this method employees learn their jobs on the equipment’s
which they will be using while doing the actual job. This training is conducted away from the
actual work place.
6. Programmed Instruction: - Under this method the information in the form of some specific
skills or general knowledge is broken down into some meaningful units and these units are
then arranged in a proper and logical form to facilitate learning.
Class room
lectures Films Case Study
Computer
Modelling
Vestibule
Training
Programmed
Instruction