2. A ceiling is the overhead surface or surfaces
covering a room, and the underside of a floor or a
roof.
It is the upper interior surface of a room
Ceilings are often used to hide floor and roof
construction and to conceal mechanical, electrical
and plumbing (MEP) services
3. 1. Easy to construct, repair, maintain and clean.
2. Provide adequate means of access to the void
space between the ceiling and roof or ceiling
and suspended floor
3. Provide any required sound and/or thermal
insulation.
4. Provide any required acoustic control in terms of
absorption and reverberation.
5. Provide if required structural fire protection
6. Provide aesthetic appeal
4. There are several different options in the
market for ceiling materials.
They all differ in the final look they achieve as
well as in price.
5. Cement plaster of plaster of Paris may be
used to provide a desired finish
It sets and hides the construction underneath
the ceiling.
It also provides a smooth surface for painting
6.
7. Plywood is also popular because it is cheaper
than solid wood, and it can be finished
however desired.
Wood ceilings are strong and add a lot of
aesthetic value to a room.
Wood is however susceptible to termites and
does not work well in humid climates, and it
can also be quite expensive.
8.
9. Gypsum boards are made of plaster of Paris
and are designed to suit different conditions.
The finished product can be painted, covered
in wallpaper, or laminated to suit the design
of your room.
Gypsum is also available in a number of
different finishes and designs.
The material itself is reinforced with
fiberglass, so it is an insulator, plus it is fire
resistant. Gypsum isn’t ideal in humid or
damp climates.
10.
11. PVC may be used as a ceiling material
It is easy to install, durable, and requires little
to no maintenance.
It is not prone to any termites or insect
infestations.
12.
13. Most metal ceiling materials are tin, but you
can also cover your ceiling in aluminum,
steel, copper, and brass.
These and any tiles or planks need a flat
surface for installation.
14. Most metal ceiling materials are tin, but you can
also cover your ceiling in aluminum, steel, copper,
and brass.
Metal ceilings are made of tin or aluminium with
decorative patterns
They originated in the 1880s
Back in the day, candles and open-flame cooking
could do serious damage to traditional ceilings
and leave black soot marks up and down walls.
Tin ceilings were chosen because they were
invulnerable to the damage that could occur from
open-flame cooking or candles
15.
16. Glass mirrors may be added to add a touch of
glitter to the room.
The mirrored ceilings reflect light and make
small rooms feel bigger and brighter.
Mirrored ceilings fill the interiors with a
contemporary vibe and bring unique, artistic
details into the modern interior design
17.
18. The materials used in this type of ceilings are
either leather or cloth.
As both the used materials are man-made
they can be given any form, shape and design
which improves the aesthetic view of interior
of the building.
As these collects dust and has low light
transferring property it’s only used in
temporary tents or other temporary
buildings.
19.
20. Fiberglass ceiling tiles are typically made
from glass fibers encased in polymers.
These compositions are often
environmentally friendly building materials;
lighter tiles can also be mounted directly to
the ceiling without sustaining damage from
aging or sagging.
They are used for acoustic or sound-proofing
ceilings
21.
22. Fibre false ceilings are also known as acoustic
or sound-proofing ceilings.
They are used in high noise and sound areas
as they have sound insulation properties.
These ceiling tiles are made from recycled
newspaper, perlite, fiberglass, mineral wool,
and binding agents, making them a highly
reliable sound-absorbing solution.
25. Conventional ceilings are plain and flat and are
usually between 8 to 9 feet high.
They have little or no aesthetic purpose.
26. A suspended ceiling (sometimes referred to as a
dropped ceiling or false ceiling) hangs from a
metal grid below main structure thus forming a
void between the two components.
They are commonly used with noise-regulating
acoustic ceiling tiles
Flat drop ceilings allow designers to conceal
mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and lighting
fixtures (MEP) above the dropped, exposed
ceiling, such as pipes and wiring and ugly or too
high ceiling.
They are also provided for temperature control
(heat insulation for AC) and to install lights.
27. They are installed at least six inches below the
height of the normal ceiling, held in place by a
metal grid or cables.
This grid can be exposed or hidden depending on
the ceiling styles you are going for.
You can also create a neat and minimal look by
installing recessed lighting in a dropped ceiling.
This ceiling variety is most commonly used in
commercial buildings, offices, and retail spaces
28.
29.
30. High ceilings aren’t a particular ceiling type.
Rather, this umbrella term covers any tall ceiling
that sits above the average height of 8 – 10 feet.
But whether your high ceiling is flat, curved,
detailed or basic, the extended height will make
any room feel larger and more open.
31.
32. Tray ceilings are also known as panned ceilings
They are multi-level ceilings that start from one
height, then drop as you add levels.
The ceiling layout therefore resembles a tray.
The flat ceiling on the outside of the tray
surrounds the raised center, which is the highest
part of the ceiling.
The step or “level” that surrounds the raised
center creates a three-dimensional effect as the
ceiling expands outwards.
The ceiling height should be at least 8 feet to
accommodate this ceiling without making the
room feel tight rather than tall.
33.
34. Coffered ceilings are a type of tray ceilings.
Rather than one recessed feature, the entire
surface is covered with small recessed features
separated by grid work
They reflect a classic, luxurious, and aesthetic
ceiling.
Commonly found in high-end homes, churches,
libraries, and hotels.
35.
36. Has curved edges instead of sharp angles between
the ceiling and walls and is often built using
curved molding or framing.
The coves start from the top of the main wall and
extend up to the ceiling itself.
The round look of the coved ceiling makes a room
appear softer and gentler.
37.
38. Shed, or single-slope, ceilings are typically found
on the top story of a home, either in the attic or
loft.
A shed ceiling begins at a high point at one wall,
then slopes down toward the opposite wall.
39.
40. When roof beams are left exposed, the ceiling is
considered as a beam ceiling
Beam ceilings are typically found in hallways and
corridors for commercial settings and living and
dining rooms for residential settings.
They are primarily made from hardwood beams
and give homes a classic, rustic look.
41.
42.
43. When mechanical, electrical and plumbing
services are left exposed, the ceiling is considered
as an exposed ceiling
44. A vaulted ceiling refers to any ceiling that angles
up toward the roof to extend higher than the
standard eight-ten foot height of average flat
ceilings.
There are six common types of vaulted ceilings:
1. Arched vaults
2. Barrel vaults
3. Cathedral vaults
4. Domed vaults
5. Groin vaults
6. Rib vaults
45. The term “arched vaulted ceilings” refers to any
type of vaulted ceiling that is arched rather than
straight.
Arched vaulted ceilings feature a curved, self-
supporting structure rather than just straight
beams.
46.
47. Barrel vaulted ceilings follow a simple curved
slope from wall to wall, similar to one half of a
circular barrel.
Barrel vault ceilings are also referred to as wagon-
or tunnel-vaulted ceilings and originated from
Rome
48.
49. Cathedral ceilings have narrow, sloping sides that
are unarched.
The straight lines in this vaulted ceiling usually
run parallel to the roof’s pitch, creating a mirror-
like effect.
They are known for their inverted V-shape where
the tip of the V is the highest point and the sides
of the V slope down
50.
51. Domed vaulted ceilings are arched ceilings that
narrow as they reach the center point, forming a
sloped dome shape.
Dome ceilings create the illusion of expanded
height and space.
They are found in homes, gazebos and may also
be built in concerts with skylights to expand and
illuminate small areas even more.
Domed ceilings can be decorated with mosaic
tiles, murals and dramatic lighting fixtures.
52.
53. Groin vaults are a complex type of vaulted roof
structure in which two barrel vaults intersect to
form an intricate, curved x-shape.
Groin vaults aren’t common in home design and
are usually reserved for complex architectural
projects like cathedrals.
54.
55. Rib vaulted ceilings feature a series of exposed
beams set along central focal points to create a
unique, structural look along the vaults
56. Acoustic ceilings tend to be made from fibrous
materials that absorb sound energy, unlike plaster
and gypsum ceilings.
They do not necessarily reduce the transmission
of sound between spaces, rather they reduce the
amount that reflects back into the space and so
can be used to tailor the acoustic character of a
space.
57. The sound absorption performance of a ceiling
material is expressed in terms of its noise
reduction coefficient (NRC).
An NRC of 0.85 means that a ceiling material
absorbs 85% of the sound that reaches it, and
reflects 15% back into the room.
NRCs for most acoustical ceilings range from 0.5
to 0.9, compared to values below 0.10 for plaster
and gypsum ceiling board materials.
58. Ceilings made of gypsum, plasterboard, tongued
and grooved timber and so on, may be attached
tightly to timber joists or rafters, steel joists or
concrete slabs.
59.
60. Plasterboard is a rigid board composed of
gypsum sandwiched between durable lining
paper outer facings.
For ceiling applications, the following types
can be used:
Baseboard -
1. 1220 × 900 × 9.5mm thick for joist centres
up to 400mm.
2. 1220 × 600 × 12.5mm thick for joist
centres up to 600mm.
61. Baseboard has square edges and can be
plaster skim finished.
62. Joints are reinforced with:
a) Self-adhesive 50mm min. width glass fibre
mesh scrim tape
b) The board manufacturer's recommended
jointing tape.
64. These boards are also made with a metallised
polyester foil backing for vapour check
applications.
The foil is to prevent any moisture produced
in potentially damp situations such as a
bathroom from affecting loft insulation and
timber.
65. Plasterboards should be fixed to the
underside of floor or ceiling joists with zinc
plated (galvanized) nails or dry-wall screws at
150mm max. spacing.
The junction at ceiling to wall is reinforced
with glass fibre mesh scrim tape or a
preformed plaster molding
Scrim tape should be used whenever two
pieces of plasterboard have been joined
69. These are ceilings which are fixed to a
framework suspended from main structure,
thus forming a void between the two
components.
70. Functional requirements of suspended
ceilings are:
1. They should be easy to construct, repair,
maintain and clean
2. So designed that an adequate means of
access is provided to the void space for the
maintenance of the suspension system,
concealed services and/or light fittings.
71. 3. Provide any required sound and/or thermal
insulation
4. Provide any required acoustic control in
terms of absorption and reverberation
5. Provide if required structural fire protection
to structural steel beams supporting a
concrete floor and contain fire stop cavity
barriers within the void at defined intervals.
72. 6. Flexural design strength in varying humidity
and temperature
7. Resistance to impact.
8. Designed on a planning module, preferably
a 300 mm to 600mm dimensional
coordinated system.
73.
74. Suspended ceiling types can be placed in one
of three groups:
a) Jointless suspended ceilings
b) Panelled suspended ceilings
c) Decorative and open suspended ceilings
75. They provide a continuous and jointless
surface with the internal appearance of a
conventional ceiling.
The suspending framework is fully concealed
They may fulfil fire resistance requirements
or provide a robust form of suspended
ceiling.
The two common ways of construction are:
a) A plasterboard or expanded metal lathing
soffit with hand-applied plaster finish
b) A sprayed applied rendering with a cement
base.
76.
77.
78. These are the most popular form of
suspended ceiling consisting of a suspended
grid framework to which the ceiling covering
is attached.
The covering can be of a tile, tray, board or
strip format in a wide variety of materials with
an exposed or concealed supporting
framework.
79. Services such as luminaries can usually be
incorporated within the system.
Generally panelled systems are easy to
assemble and install using a water level or
laser beam for initial and final levelling.
Provision for maintenance access can be
easily incorporated into most systems and
layouts.
80.
81.
82.
83. These ceilings usually consist of an openwork
grid or suspended shapes onto which the lights
fixed at, above or below ceiling level can be
trained, thus creating a decorative and
illuminated effect.
Many of these ceilings are purpose designed and
built as opposed to the proprietary systems
associated with jointless and panelled suspended
ceilings.
