4. Primary survey
A : airway patent, no sign of upper airway obstruction, c-spine
not tender, able to move all directions
B : spontaneous breathing, equal chest movement both sides, no
crepitus, no accessory muscle use, lung clear both lungs, no
adventitious sound, JVP not engorge, trachea in midline
C : stable BP and pulse, no sign of shock, no active external
bleeding
D : good consciousness, E4V5M6, pupils 3 mm RTLBE
11. Physical examinations
Vital signs
BP 184/108 mmHg
Pulse 68 bpm
T 37 degree celcius
RR 16 times/min
General appearances
A Thai man, good
consciousness, well
co-operative, not
pale, no jaundice, no
dyspnea
HEENT
Not pale conjunctivae,
anicteric sclerae, no
discharge per ears or
nose, pharynx and tonsil
not injected, no thyroid
gland enlargement
13. Physical examinations
Neurological
No neurodeficit, limit
motor power at Lt
shoulder and elbow
due to pain at
shoulder area
Extremities
Normal alignment, full
ROM except Lt shoulder
due to pain, swelling
and tender at AC joint
area, distal
neurovascular intact
22. Review anatomy
• acromioclavicular ligament
provides horizontal stability
• coracoclavicular ligaments (trapezoid and conoid)
provides vertical stability
1. trapezoid inserts 3 cm from end of clavicle, stabilizer against
horizontal and vertical loads
2. conoid inserts 4.5 cm from end of clavicle in the posterior
border, more important ligament, vertical stabilizer of AC joint
3. normal CC distance (superior coracoid to inferior clavicle) is 11-
13mm
• deltotrapezial fascia, capsule, deltoid and trapezius
act as additional stabilizers
24. Presentations
•Symptoms
• pain
•Physical exam
• palpate for lateral clavicle or AC joint
tenderness
• observe for abnormal contour of the
shoulder compared to contralateral side
• check for stability
• AP stability assesses AC ligaments
• vertical stability assesses CC ligaments
32. Treatment
Nonoperative
ice, rest and sling for 3 weeks
indications : Type I and II, Type III in most individuals
good results when clavicle displaced <2cm
rehabilitation
• early ROM
• regain functional motion by 6 weeks
• return to normal activity at 12 weeks
complications
• AC joint arthritis
• chronic subluxation and instability
33. Treatment
Operative
• CC interval fixation (within 3-4wk) using either AC fixation or CC
fixation
o indications
Type III in laborers / elite athletes and those with cosmetic concerns
chronic Type III, Type IV, V, VI
when clavicle displaced >2cm
o contraindications
patient unlikely to comply with postoperative rehabilitation
skin problems over fixation approach site
34. Operative (ต่อ)
o rehabilitation
■ sling immobilization without abduction for 6 weeks
■ no shoulder ROM for 6 weeks
■ generally return to full activity after 6 months
• Tissue graft reconstruction (>3-4wk)
○ indicated for chronic tears (>3-4wk)
Treatment
35. Surgical techniques
ORIF with Bosworth CC screw fixation
ORIF with CC suture fixation
ORIF with hook plate with
subsequent plate removal
36. Surgical techniques
CC ligament reconstruction
with free tendon graft
CC ligament reconstruction
(Modified Weaver-Dunn)
Primary AC joint fixation
37. Complication
• Residual pain at AC joint in 30-50% AC arthritis
• more common with surgical management than
with non-op
• CC screw breakage/pullout