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Game Development Essentials:
An Introduction
Third Edition
umairshafique.com
Chapter 7
Levels
creating the world
umairshafique.com
Key Chapter Questions
■What is level design and how is it related to gameplay?
■What is the importance of the structural features of game
worlds—such as duration, availability, relationship, and
progression?
■What is the importance of the temporal features of game
worlds—such as authentic, variable, player-adjusted, and
altered?
■What is the importance of the spatial features of game worlds—
such as perspective, scale, and boundaries?
■How are reality and style achieved in a game environment?
umairshafique.com
What does Level Design mean?
• Level design is a game development discipline that involves the creation
of video game levels, locales, missions or stages. This is done using some
sort of level editor - software used in game development to construct
digital environments. Level editors may also be included in released
games to allow players to get creative and make their own levels and
scenarios. Level design is both a technical and artistic process.
• Level design is also known as environment design or game mapping.
umairshafique.com
• During the early years of video games, a single programmer was
responsible for every aspect of the game - there was no dedicated
profession or discipline that catered to level design. Early games featured
levels or stages with ascending difficulty rather than changing levels
through story or plot progression.
• Level design starts with the conceptual design of the level, which
includes sketches, renderings, and even physical models. Once the
design is finalized, this transforms into extensive documentation and
environment modeling, leading to the creation of the level itself. Level
design aims to create life-like, interactive game environments.
umairshafique.com
Level design incorporates the following steps, but need not implement them all:
• Lay out of large map features, buildings, hills, cities, rooms and tunnels for game entities to move around
in
• Determine the environmental conditions such as day, night and weather
• Set up ground rules such as the scoring system, allowable weapons, gameplay types, time limits, or
resources
• Specify certain map regions where specific gameplay features occur, such as resource creation or
harvesting, structure building and even interactive cut scenes.
• Specify nonnstatic parts, such as doorways, buttons and levers associated with mechanisms, teleporters
and hidden passageways and areas
• Specify the locations of various entities such as player, enemy and monster spawn points, as well as
ladders, coins, resource nodes and weapons, and save points
• Add detail such as level-specific styling and textures, sounds, animation and lighting and music
• Introduce scripted events in specific locations triggered by certain player actions
• Create the paths that nonplayer characters follow, their responses to specific trigger actions and any
dialog they might have with the player.
umairshafique.com
Tools
• A wide variety of tools may be used by someone designing a level.
Although it is faster to design models and textures with general purpose
multimedia creation tools, games usually require the data to be in a
unique format suited for that game's engine. For this, specific compilers
and converters of models, textures, and audio data may be required to
lay out a level.
• Sometimes, professional 3D editing software, such as 3D Studio Max,
Blender, AutoCAD, Lightwave, Maya, Softimage XSI or Grome is used,
usually customized with a special plugin developed for the specific game.
umairshafique.com
Structural characteristics
• Structural characteristics refer to those features inherent within the
video game itself that may facilitate initiation, development and
maintenance of video game playing
umairshafique.com
Structure
Objectives
Free Realms
Sony Online Entertainment
umairshafique.com
Structure
Flow
God of War III
Sony Computer Entertainment America
umairshafique.com
Structure
Duration
Wario Land: Shake It!
Nintendo
umairshafique.com
Structure
Availability
Wii Sports Resort
Nintendo
umairshafique.com
Structure
Relationship
Global Agenda
Mission Selection (above)
Desert & Water Missions (right)
All images Hi-Rez Studios
umairshafique.com
Structure
Progression
Diagram by Per Olin
umairshafique.com
Time
Authentic
World of Warcraft
Blizzard
umairshafique.com
Time
Limited
FarmVille
XxSugarLoveX (Photobucket)
umairshafique.com
Time
Variable
Ultima Online
Electronic Arts
umairshafique.com
Time
Player-Adjusted
Madden NFL 11
Electronic Arts
umairshafique.com
Time
Altered
Prince of Persia: The Forgotten Sands
Ubisoft
umairshafique.com
Space
Perspective & Camera
Omnipresent
Halo Wars
Reprinted with permission from Microsoft Corporation
umairshafique.com
Space
Perspective & Camera
Aerial (Top-Down)
Railroad Tycoon 3
Take- Two Interactive
umairshafique.com
Space
Perspective & Camera
Isometric
Anno 1404
Ubisoft
umairshafique.com
Space
Perspective & Camera
Side-Scrolling (or Flat/Side-View)
Shadow Complex New Super Mario Bros. Wii
Take- Two Interactive Nintendo
umairshafique.com
Space
Terrain & Materials
Killzone 2 The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword
Sony Computer Entertainment America Nintendo
umairshafique.com
Space
Radiosity & Effects
Jets ’N’ Guns Gold
Rake In Grass Games
umairshafique.com
Space
Scale
Making History II: The War of the World EverQuest II
Muzzy Lane Sony Online Entertainment
umairshafique.com
Space
Boundaries
Flight Simulator X: Acceleration
Reprinted with permission from Microsoft Corporation
umairshafique.com
Space
Realism
Major League Baseball 2K11
Take- Two Interactive
umairshafique.com
Space
Style
Flower Resident Evil 5
Sony Computer Entertainment America Capcom
umairshafique.com
Summary
■Level Design
■Structure
■Time
■Space
■Space & Time: Levels, Gameplay & Story
umairshafique.com

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Computer Games Development Chapter 7

  • 1. Game Development Essentials: An Introduction Third Edition umairshafique.com
  • 2. Chapter 7 Levels creating the world umairshafique.com
  • 3. Key Chapter Questions ■What is level design and how is it related to gameplay? ■What is the importance of the structural features of game worlds—such as duration, availability, relationship, and progression? ■What is the importance of the temporal features of game worlds—such as authentic, variable, player-adjusted, and altered? ■What is the importance of the spatial features of game worlds— such as perspective, scale, and boundaries? ■How are reality and style achieved in a game environment? umairshafique.com
  • 4. What does Level Design mean? • Level design is a game development discipline that involves the creation of video game levels, locales, missions or stages. This is done using some sort of level editor - software used in game development to construct digital environments. Level editors may also be included in released games to allow players to get creative and make their own levels and scenarios. Level design is both a technical and artistic process. • Level design is also known as environment design or game mapping. umairshafique.com
  • 5. • During the early years of video games, a single programmer was responsible for every aspect of the game - there was no dedicated profession or discipline that catered to level design. Early games featured levels or stages with ascending difficulty rather than changing levels through story or plot progression. • Level design starts with the conceptual design of the level, which includes sketches, renderings, and even physical models. Once the design is finalized, this transforms into extensive documentation and environment modeling, leading to the creation of the level itself. Level design aims to create life-like, interactive game environments. umairshafique.com
  • 6. Level design incorporates the following steps, but need not implement them all: • Lay out of large map features, buildings, hills, cities, rooms and tunnels for game entities to move around in • Determine the environmental conditions such as day, night and weather • Set up ground rules such as the scoring system, allowable weapons, gameplay types, time limits, or resources • Specify certain map regions where specific gameplay features occur, such as resource creation or harvesting, structure building and even interactive cut scenes. • Specify nonnstatic parts, such as doorways, buttons and levers associated with mechanisms, teleporters and hidden passageways and areas • Specify the locations of various entities such as player, enemy and monster spawn points, as well as ladders, coins, resource nodes and weapons, and save points • Add detail such as level-specific styling and textures, sounds, animation and lighting and music • Introduce scripted events in specific locations triggered by certain player actions • Create the paths that nonplayer characters follow, their responses to specific trigger actions and any dialog they might have with the player. umairshafique.com
  • 7. Tools • A wide variety of tools may be used by someone designing a level. Although it is faster to design models and textures with general purpose multimedia creation tools, games usually require the data to be in a unique format suited for that game's engine. For this, specific compilers and converters of models, textures, and audio data may be required to lay out a level. • Sometimes, professional 3D editing software, such as 3D Studio Max, Blender, AutoCAD, Lightwave, Maya, Softimage XSI or Grome is used, usually customized with a special plugin developed for the specific game. umairshafique.com
  • 8. Structural characteristics • Structural characteristics refer to those features inherent within the video game itself that may facilitate initiation, development and maintenance of video game playing umairshafique.com
  • 9. Structure Objectives Free Realms Sony Online Entertainment umairshafique.com
  • 10. Structure Flow God of War III Sony Computer Entertainment America umairshafique.com
  • 11. Structure Duration Wario Land: Shake It! Nintendo umairshafique.com
  • 13. Structure Relationship Global Agenda Mission Selection (above) Desert & Water Missions (right) All images Hi-Rez Studios umairshafique.com
  • 14. Structure Progression Diagram by Per Olin umairshafique.com
  • 19. Time Altered Prince of Persia: The Forgotten Sands Ubisoft umairshafique.com
  • 20. Space Perspective & Camera Omnipresent Halo Wars Reprinted with permission from Microsoft Corporation umairshafique.com
  • 21. Space Perspective & Camera Aerial (Top-Down) Railroad Tycoon 3 Take- Two Interactive umairshafique.com
  • 22. Space Perspective & Camera Isometric Anno 1404 Ubisoft umairshafique.com
  • 23. Space Perspective & Camera Side-Scrolling (or Flat/Side-View) Shadow Complex New Super Mario Bros. Wii Take- Two Interactive Nintendo umairshafique.com
  • 24. Space Terrain & Materials Killzone 2 The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword Sony Computer Entertainment America Nintendo umairshafique.com
  • 25. Space Radiosity & Effects Jets ’N’ Guns Gold Rake In Grass Games umairshafique.com
  • 26. Space Scale Making History II: The War of the World EverQuest II Muzzy Lane Sony Online Entertainment umairshafique.com
  • 27. Space Boundaries Flight Simulator X: Acceleration Reprinted with permission from Microsoft Corporation umairshafique.com
  • 28. Space Realism Major League Baseball 2K11 Take- Two Interactive umairshafique.com
  • 29. Space Style Flower Resident Evil 5 Sony Computer Entertainment America Capcom umairshafique.com
  • 30. Summary ■Level Design ■Structure ■Time ■Space ■Space & Time: Levels, Gameplay & Story umairshafique.com