ppt on emotions by sachin jangid

1. Behaviour Science
Assignment
Submitted To : Submitted By:
Dr. Kailash Chand barmola Sachin jangid

3. Defining Emotion
Elements of Emotion 1: The Body
Elements of Emotion 2: The Mind
Elements off Emotion 3: The Culture
Putting the elements together :
Emotion and Gender
Emotion

4. Emotion
A state of arousal involving facial and body
changes, brain activation, cognitive appraisals,
subjective feelings, and tendencies toward action,
all shaped by cultural rules.

5.  Primary And Secondary
 Face of Emotion
 Brain and Emotion
 Hormones and Emotions
 Detecting Emotions : Does the body lie
Elements of Emotion 1: The Body

6.  Primary emotions
 Emotions considered to be universal and biologically
based. They generally include fear, anger, sadness, joy,
surprise, disgust, and contempt.
 Secondary emotion
 Emotions that develop with cognitive maturity and vary
across individuals and cultures.
 Three biological areas of emotion are
 facial expressions,
 brain regions and circuits, and
 autonomic nervous system.
Elements of Emotion 1: The Body

7.  Facial expressions for primary emotions are
universal.
 Even members of remote cultures can recognize
facial expressions in people who are foreign to
them.
 Facial feedback
 Process by which the facial muscles send messages to
the brain about the basic emotion being expressed.
 Infants are able to read parental expressions.
 Facial expression can generate same expressions
in others, creating mood contagion.
Universal Expressions of Emotion

8.  Anger is universally
recognized by
geometric patterns on
the face.
 In each pair, the left
form seems angrier
than the right form.
The Face of Anger

9.  Across and within cultures, agreement often
varies on which emotion a particular facial
expression is revealing.
 People don’t usually express their emotion in
facial expressions unless others are around.
 Facial expressions convey different meanings
depending on their circumstances.
 People often use facial expressions to lie about
their feelings as well as to express them.
Facial Expressions in Social Context

10.  The amygdala
 Responsible for assessing threat.
 Damage to the amygdala results in abnormality to
process fear.
 Left prefrontal cortex
 Involved in motivation to approach others.
 Damage to this area results in loss of joy.
 Right prefrontal cortex
 Involved in withdrawal and escape.
 Damage to the area results in excessive mania and
euphoria.
Brain and Emotion

11.  When experiencing an intense emotion, 2 hormones
are released.
 Epinephrine
 Norepinephrine
 Results in increased alertness and arousal.
 At high levels, it can create the sensation of being out
of control emotionally.
Hormones and Emotions

12. The Autonomic Nervous System

13.  Polygraph testing relies on
autonomic nervous
system arousal.
 Typical measures:
 Galvanic Skin Response
 Pulse, blood pressure
 Breathing
 Fidgeting
Detecting Emotions : Does the Body Lie

14.  Empirical support is
weak and conflicting.
 Test is inadmissible in
most courts.
 It is illegal to use for
most job screening.
 Many government
agencies continue to
use for screening.
Polygraph Test
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Innocent
people
judged
guilty
Guilty
people
judged
innocent

15.  How thoughts create emotions
 The two factor theory of emotion.
 Attributions and emotions.
 Cognitions and emotional complexity
Elements of Emotion 2 : The Mind

16.  How thoughts create
emotions
 The two factor theory of
emotion.
 Attributions and
emotions.
 Cognitions and emotional
complexity
Two Factor Theory of Emotion

17.  Perceptions and attributions are involved in
emotions.
 How one reacts to an event depends on how he or
she explains it.
 For example, how one reacts to being ignored or
winning the silver instead of the gold medal.
 Philosophy of life is also influential.
Attributions and Emotions

18.  Cognitions, and therefore, emotions, become more
complex as a child’s cerebral cortex matures.
 Self-conscious emotions, such as shame and guilt, do
not occur until after infancy, due to the emergence of a
sense of self and others.
 People can learn how their thinking affects their
emotions and can change their thinking accordingly.
Cognitions and Emotional Complexity

19.  Culture and emotional variation
 The rules of emotional regulation
 Display rules
 Body language
 Emotion work
Elements of Emotion 3 : The Culture

20.  Display Rules
 When, where, and how emotions are to be expressed or
when they should be squelched.
 Body Language
 The nonverbal signals of body movement, posture and
gaze that people constantly express.
 Emotion Work
 Acting out an emotion we do not feel or trying to create
the right emotion for the occasion.
The Rules of Emotional Regulations

21.  Physiology and intensity
 Sensitivity to other people’s emotions
 Cognitions
 Expressiveness
 Factors which affect expressiveness
 Emotion work
Putting it all together : Emotion and
Gender

22.  Physiology and intensity
 Women recall emotional events more intensely and
vividly than do men.
 Men experience emotional events more intensely than
do women.
 Conflict is physiologically more upsetting for men than
women.
Putting The elements Together : Emotion
and Gender

23.  Males autonomic nervous system is
more reactive than females.
 Men are more likely to rehearse angry
thoughts which maintains anger.
 Women are more likely to ruminate
which maintains depression.
Possible reasons for differences in
physiology and intensity.

24.  Factors which influence one’s ability to “read”
emotional signals:
 The sex of the sender and receiver.
 How well the sender and receiver know each other.
 How expressive the sender is.
 Who has the power.
 Stereotypes and expectations.
Sensitivity to Other People’s
Emotions

25.  Men and women appear to differ in the types of every
day events that provoke their anger.
 Women become angry over issues related to their
partners disregard.
 Men become angry over damage to property or
problems with strangers.
Cognitions

26.  In North America women:
 Smile more than men.
 Gaze at listeners more.
 Have more emotionally expressive faces.
 Use more expressive body movements.
 Touch others more.
 Acknowledge weakness and emotions more.
 Compared to women, men only express anger to
strangers more.
Expressiveness

27.  Gender roles
 Cultural norms
 The specific situation
Factors Influencing Emotional
Expressiveness

28.  Women work hard at appearing warm, happy and
making sure others are happy.
 Men work hard at persuading others they are stern,
aggressive and unemotional.
 Why?
 Gender roles and status.
Emotion Work And Gender

29. Thank You