The document provides information about the muscular system and different types of muscles in the body. It discusses three main types of muscles: skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscles are voluntary and attach to bones, cardiac muscle is only found in the heart, and smooth muscle is involuntary and found in organs. The document also outlines characteristics of muscle tissue like excitability, contractility, and functions of muscles like movement, moving substances, stabilization, and generating heat. It provides details on skeletal muscle structure, origins/insertions, and antagonistic muscle pairs.

1. Muscular System
SEHS Topic 1.2

2. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
Starter-Group Activity
Decide whether the following statements are true or false
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. There are over 1,000 muscles in your body.
2. Skeletal, or voluntary, muscles are the muscles you can control.
3. Ligaments connect muscles to bones.
4. Your heart is a muscle.
5. A muscle gets strained when it is stretched too much.
6. A sprain happens when a tendon is stretched too much.
7. Muscles that are not used can get smaller and weaker.
8. You don’t need more than 30 min. of physical activity every
day.
9. If something hurts when playing sports, you should play
through the pain and it will go away.

3. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
Starter-Group Activity
Decide whether the following statements are true or false
Topic 1
Anatomy
STARTER – Group Activity
Decide whether the following statements are true or false:
10. A balanced diet:
a) Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-
free or low-fat dairy products like milk, cheese, and
yogurt.
b) Includes protein from lean meats, poultry, seafood,
beans, eggs, and nuts.
c) Is low in solid fats, saturated fats, cholesterol, salt
(sodium), added sugars, and refined grains.
d) All of the above

4. 1.2.2

5. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types
of muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
 Skeletal
 Cardiac
 Smooth

6. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types
of muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
Skeletal Muscles (striated and voluntary muscles)
Attach to bones and have the main function of contracting
to move the body
Striated-appearance of light and dark stripes

7. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types
of muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
Cardiac muscle only in the
walls of the heart.
Similar to:
skeletal muscle -striated
smooth muscle-
involuntarily controlled
Now complete the Types of
Muscles section in your workbook!

8. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types
of muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
Smooth muscle
(Unstriated) Involuntary
muscle due to our
inability to control its
movements.
Found in the walls of
hollow organs such as the
stomach, esophagus,
bronchi and in the walls
of blood vessels.
Now complete the Types of
Muscles section in your workbook!

9. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
REVIEW POINT
1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types
of muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
 Skeletal
 Cardiac
 Smooth
DET PDHPE Distance Education Programme.

10. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
Thinking
What do we use our muscles
for?
Talk and make a
list – 2 minutes
Topic 1
Anatomy

11. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
Topic 1
Anatomy
MOVEMENT
• Skeletal muscles contract exerting forces on the
tendons
• Tendons pull on the bones causing joint movement

12. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
Topic 1
Anatomy MOVE SUBSTANCES
• Cardiac muscle pumps
blood
• Smooth muscle moves
food in the GI tract

13. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
Topic 1
Anatomy STABALIZE
• Postural muscles stabilize and maintain body
positions

14. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
Topic 1
Anatomy
GENERATE HEAT
• Body wants to be cozy
• When temps drop, the
body shivers to warm
back up!

15. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
REVIEW POINT
Four functions of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
 Movement
 Move Substances
 Stabilize the body
 Generate heat
DET PDHPE Distance Education Programme.

16. 1.2.1

17. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
Thinking
What characteristics do ALL
muscles have?
Talk and decide
Topic 1
Anatomy

18. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
1.2.1 Outline the general characteristics
common to muscle tissue
Topic 1
Anatomy
• Excitability: ability to receive and respond to
stimuli via generation of an electrical pulse
• Contractility: ability of the muscle to contract and
generate force when stimulated
• Extensibility: ability of muscle to lengthen without
damage
• Elasticity: ability of muscle to return to resting
length

19. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
1.2.1 Outline the general characteristics
common to muscle tissue
Topic 1
Anatomy
• Atrophy: is the wasting of muscle tissue
 Hypertrophy: is the increase in size of muscle
tissue.
 Controlled by nerve stimuli – A nerve impulse is
required for movement to occur
 Fed by capillaries – Muscles receive nourishment
through the blood supply.

20. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
REVIEW
Can you write a definition for the words below
without using your notes?
Topic 1
Anatomy

21. 1.2.3
Annotate the Structure of Skeletal Muscle

22. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal
muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
Fascia is a connective tissue – three main roles
- Transmit Force
- Provide Support
- Protect Tissue

23. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal
muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy

24. 1.2.4 – 1.2.5

25. Three Golden Rules of
Skeletal Muscle Activity
Muscles only contract and relax.
Muscles only work on joints they cross.
Muscles work best in the direction of their fibers.
Tip – Muscles in front do one action – in back do the
other. Origin is proximal, Insertion is distal. Larger
end is often the origin

26. Muscle Attachment
 Origin- end of
muscle attached to
immovable (or less
moveable) bone
 Insertion- end of
muscle attached to
moveable bone
 During contraction,
insertion moves
toward origin

27. Interactions of Skeletal Muscles
 Agonist/ Prime movers - are the muscles
mostly responsible for the movement
 Antagonists - oppose/reverse movement
 Synergists - work with prime movers to
stabilize the muscle
 Fixators - work with prime movers to
stabilize bone or origin. These are mostly
found around the hip and shoulder joint.

28. Flexion (Bending) of the Arm
• The muscle doing the work (contracting) and creating
the movement is called the agonist.
• The muscle which is relaxing and letting the movement
take place is called the antagonist.
Agonist
(The biceps
contract)
Antagonist
(The triceps
relaxes)
• Other muscles support the agonist in creating movement and these are called
synergist (neutralizer).
• Fixator (stabilizer) muscles that allow the agonist to work, stabilizing the
origin Fixators and Stabilizers

29. Antagonistic Muscles
• Skeletal muscles work across a joint and are
attached to the bones by fascia known as
tendons.
• They work in pairs, each contracting or
relaxing in turn to create movement.
Ex.Biceps brachii and triceps
brachii work in what is called
Antagonistic Muscle Action.
As one muscle shortens the other
one lengthens.

30. TRUNK

31. Rectus Abdominis

32. External Obliques

33. Erector Spinae

34. UPPER BODY

35. Deltoid

36. Pectoralis Major

37. Biceps Brachii

38. Trapezius

39. Latissimus Dorsi

40. Triceps

41. LOWER BODY

42. Illiopsoas

43. Sartorius

44. Quadriceps

45. Tibialis Anterior

46. Glutes

47. Hamstrings

48. Gastrocnemius

49. TEST YOURSELF

50. 1

51. 2

52. 3

53. 4

54. 5

55. 6

56. 7

57. 8

58. 9

59. 10

60. 11

61. 12

62. 13

63. 14

64. 15