2. General information. Classification and basic properties.
The main task of roofing and waterproofing materials is to create a
waterproof coating that protects the insulated structure and the
building as a whole from moisture.
However, the conditions under which roofing materials work are
different from the conditions under which waterproofing materials
work, because. roofing during the entire period of operation is
exposed to adverse environmental factors: changes in humidity and
temperature, the action of UV rays.
3. A special type of such materials are sealing or sealing materials. They
must provide the elasticity necessary for the perception of temperature and
shrinkage deformations, and prevent the penetration of moisture through
the seams.
Sealants are used to seal joints between elements of prefabricated
structures.
Roofing and waterproofing materials must meet the established
requirements for:
waterproof,
water absorption
heat resistance
mechanical strength.
The water resistance is tested at the hydrostatic pressure specified for
each material.
4. Roofing materials: rolled, sheet and piece.
Roll materials. Roofing from rolled materials is made from several
layers that make up the roofing carpet.
Lining materials (non-covered) are laid at the bottom of the carpet,
and the top layer is made of cover materials having a cover
layer of refractory bitumen (tar) and dressing: coarse-grained
(K), fine-grained (M) or powdered (P). It is allowed to
produce roofing felt with scaly dressing (RKCH).
They produce base and baseless roll materials.
Roll materials with a base
• Ruberoid
• glassine
• Tol
• Degtebitumen materials
• Hydroisol
• Glass roofing material
• Folgoizol
• Metalloizol
Baseless
roll materials
• Brizol
• isol
• Bikapol
6. Roofing material is produced by impregnating roofing paper with fusible
bitumen, followed by coating on one or both sides with refractory petroleum
bitumen with filler and sprinkles.
The built-up roofing material is a roofing material, its sticker is carried out
without the use of roofing mastic - by melting the thickened lower cover
layer (burner flame).
Tol is a material made by impregnating and coating roofing paper with tar,
sprinkled with sand or mineral chips.
Tar-bitumen materials are obtained by impregnating cardboard with tar
(preventing cardboard decay) and coating on both sides with bitumen and
sprinkles.
Hydroisol is a rolled, non-covered waterproofing material obtained by
impregnating asbestos cardboard with petroleum bitumen.
Glass roofing material is a material obtained by double-sided application
of a bituminous (bitumen rubber or bitumen polymer) binder on a fiberglass
canvas or glass felt and coating on one or both sides with a continuous layer
of dressing.
Folgoizol is a rolled two-layer material consisting of a thin corrugated or
smooth aluminum foil coated on the underside with a protective bitumen-
rubber compound (MetalloI - on both sides).
8. Ondouflesh (France) - multilayer material: top layer - protective and
decorative film made of aluminum or copper foil (0.05 mm thick); the middle
layer is a bituminous binder with a polymer (thermoplastic elastomer); the
bottom layer is a protective polyethylene film, which is removed before use.
The total thickness of the material is 1.5 mm.
9.
10.
11. Reinforced slabs are made by pressing hot mastic or hot asphalt mix,
using fiberglass or metal mesh reinforcement.
Non-reinforced slabs are made from the same mixtures, but without
reinforcement. Plates are used for waterproofing and filling expansion joints.
Shingles tiles (from the English shingle - flat roofing tiles, shingles; also
called tiles, shingles) - sheets of cellulose or asbestos cardboard impregnated
with bitumen and covered with colored mineral chips. The size of the tiles
imitates 3-4 tiles.
Modern types of soft tiles..
14. 14.4 Материалы на основе полимеров.
WATERPROOFING FILM MATERIALS are made from polyvinyl chloride,
polyethylene, propylene, cellulose acetate, synthetic rubber and other
polymers. The thickness of film materials depends on their purpose: for the
installation of impervious curtains, a polyethylene film 0.2 mm thick is used;
waterproofing of tunnels and other structures against the action of
aggressive waters is carried out from polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene films
with a thickness of 1.5 - 2 mm. The film is produced in the form of rolls with
a tensile strength of 15 - 17.5 MPa. Varieties.
Polyethylene films (increasing the mechanical strength of the film is
carried out by reinforcing with fiberglass
Polypropylene films have higher physical and mechanical properties.
Their tensile strength is 25 - 30 MPa, relative elongation at break is 500 -
700%, elasticity is maintained down to -20°C.
Polyvinyl chloride films (age faster, so it is better to use them in closed
structures where the sun's rays do not fall).
