talal

1. ABO TALAL
Chapter 2:
1 Which of the following refer to the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related
states in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health
problems?
‫ومحددات‬ ‫توزيع‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫الحاالت‬
‫الدراسة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫وتطبيق‬ ،‫محددة‬ ‫سكانية‬ ‫مجموعات‬ ‫في‬ ‫بالصحة‬ ‫الصلة‬ ‫ذات‬
‫الصحية؟‬ ‫المشاكل‬ ‫على‬ ‫للسيطرة‬
Epidemiology
By The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ‫منها‬ ‫والوقاية‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫على‬ ‫السيطرة‬ ‫مراكز‬ ‫بواسطة‬
2 Which of the following refer to describing the distribution of the continuum in populations by
time, person, and place?
‫والمكان؟‬ ‫والشخص‬ ‫الزمان‬ ‫حسب‬ ‫السكانية‬ ‫المجموعات‬ ‫في‬ ‫االستمرارية‬ ‫توزيع‬ ‫وصف‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
A. Descriptive Epidemiology‫الوصفي‬ ‫األوبئة‬ ‫علم‬
B. Analytic Epidemiology
C. Intervention and Evaluation Research
D. Experimental Epidemiology
3 Which of the following refer to Uses readily available data to examine a disease and who it
affects in populations by time, place, or person.
‫المرض‬ ‫لفحص‬ ‫بسهولة‬ ‫المتاحة‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫يستخدم‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫أو‬ ‫المكان‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الزمان‬ ‫حسب‬ ‫السكان‬ ‫في‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫يؤثر‬ ‫ومن‬
‫الشخص‬.
A. Descriptive Epidemiology ‫الوصفي‬ ‫األوبئة‬ ‫علم‬
B. Analytic Epidemiology
C. Intervention and Evaluation Research
D. Experimental Epidemiology
4 Which of the following refer to detect the causes of each of the factors along the continuum?
‫االستمرارية؟‬ ‫طول‬ ‫على‬ ‫العوامل‬ ‫من‬ ‫عامل‬ ‫كل‬ ‫أسباب‬ ‫اكتشاف‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
A. Descriptive Epidemiology
B. Analytic Epidemiology = Discovering the causes ‫األسباب‬ ‫اكتشاف‬ = ‫التحليلي‬ ‫األوبئة‬ ‫علم‬ .
C. Intervention and Evaluation Research
D. Experimental Epidemiology

2. ABO TALAL
5 Which of the following refer to Finding programs that work along the continuum from primary
to tertiary prevention?
‫الوقاية‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫األولية‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫من‬ ‫السلسلة‬ ‫طول‬ ‫على‬ ‫تعمل‬ ‫التي‬ ‫البرامج‬ ‫إيجاد‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫الثالثية‬
A. Descriptive Epidemiology
B. Analytic Epidemiology
C. Intervention and Evaluation Research ‫والتقييم‬ ‫التدخل‬ ‫بحوث‬ -
D. Experimental Epidemiology
CBPM uses participatory research in formative, pretesting, and evaluation research.
‫يستخدم‬ CBPM ‫والتقييم‬ ‫المسبق‬ ‫واالختبار‬ ‫التكوينية‬ ‫البحوث‬ ‫في‬ ‫التشاركية‬ ‫البحوث‬.
6 How many stage in chronic disease Continuum?
‫المزمنة؟‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫سلسلة‬ ‫في‬ ‫مرحلة‬ ‫كم‬
4
1 Developmental, social, environmental, and genetic determinants
‫والجينية‬ ‫والبيئية‬ ‫واالجتماعية‬ ‫التنموية‬ ‫المحددات‬
2 Health risk behaviors and other factors ‫أخرى‬ ‫وعوامل‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫المخاطر‬ ‫سلوكيات‬
3 Chronic conditions ‫المزمنة‬ ‫الحاالت‬
4 Chronic diseases ‫المزمنة‬ ‫األمراض‬
finally, impairment, disability, and ultimately death ‫المطاف‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫في‬ ‫والوفاة‬ ،‫والعجز‬ ،‫العجز‬ ،‫وأخيرا‬
7 Which one of the following are the last stage in chronic disease Continuum?
‫المزمنة؟‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫سلسلة‬ ‫في‬ ‫األخيرة‬ ‫المرحلة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
a. Health risk behaviors = 2
p. Chronic diseases = last
c. Developmental, social, environmental, genetic determinants. first
d. Chronic conditions =3
8 Which of the following refers to the first step in the chronic disease continuums?
‫المزمنة؟‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫سلسلة‬ ‫في‬ ‫األولى‬ ‫الخطوة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
A. Development, social, genetic and environmental determinants
‫والبيئية‬ ‫والجينية‬ ‫واالجتماعية‬ ‫اإلنمائية‬ ‫المحددات‬
B. Health risk behavior
C. Chronic disease

3. ABO TALAL
D. Chronic condition
9 Which of the following refer to identifying and intervening with high-risk individuals prior to
developing a specific chronic disease?
‫معين؟‬ ‫مزمن‬ ‫بمرض‬ ‫اإلصابة‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫معهم‬ ‫والتدخل‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫لخطر‬ ‫المعرضين‬ ‫األفراد‬ ‫تحديد‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Primary prevention
10 Which of the following refer to preventive interventions reduce the incidence of disease and,
consequently, its sequelae?
‫حدوث‬ ‫من‬ ‫تقلل‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الوقائية‬ ‫التدخالت‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
،‫المرض‬
‫عواقبه‬ ، ‫وبالتالي‬
Primary prevention
11 Which of the following refer to classification schema for cardiovascular disease prevention that
included health promotion?
‫الصحة؟‬ ‫تعزيز‬ ‫تضمن‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الدموية‬ ‫واألوعية‬ ‫القلب‬ ‫أمراض‬ ‫من‬ ‫للوقاية‬ ‫تصنيف‬ ‫مخطط‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
primordial prevention ‫البدائية‬ ‫الوقاية‬
12 Which of the following refer to traditionally classifies prevention efforts according to the target
population and what stage of the disease continuum is influenced?
‫المرض‬ ‫استمرارية‬ ‫تأثر‬ ‫مرحلة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫وما‬ ‫المستهدفين‬ ‫للسكان‬ ‫وفقا‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫جهود‬ ‫تقليديا‬ ‫يصنف‬ ‫أنه‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
primary, secondary, and tertiary stages of prevention
‫المر‬
‫الوقاية‬ ‫من‬ ‫والثالثة‬ ‫والثانوية‬ ‫األولية‬ ‫احل‬
13 Which of the following refer to is directed to people who are asymptomatic, but who have
developed biologic changes resulting from the disease?
،‫أعراض‬ ‫عليهم‬ ‫تظهر‬ ‫ال‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫األشخاص‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫موجه‬ ‫أنه‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫عن‬ ‫ناتجة‬ ‫بيولوجية‬ ‫بتغيرات‬ ‫أصيبوا‬ ‫ولكنهم‬
‫المرض‬.
Secondary prevention disease control” because the goal is to reduce the consequences of the disease.
14 Which of the following prevention generally, does not reduce the incidence of disease but instead
detects the condition at an earlier, more treatable stage?"
‫قابلية‬ ‫وأكثر‬ ‫مبكرة‬ ‫مرحلة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الحالة‬ ‫يكتشف‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫من‬ ‫بدال‬ ‫ولكنه‬ ‫المرض‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫من‬ ‫يقلل‬ ‫ال‬ ، ‫عام‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
‫للعالج‬
Secondary prevention
1 Which one of the following is directed at preventing disability in people who have
symptomatic?
‫أعراض؟‬ ‫لديهم‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫األشخاص‬ ‫لدى‬ ‫اإلعاقة‬ ‫لمنع‬ ‫موجه‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫أي‬
a. Primordial
b. Secondary
c. Primary
d. Tertiary
2 which of the following Strategies for may be to prevent the progression of a disease and its
complications or to provide rehabilitation?
‫التأهيل‬ ‫إعادة‬ ‫لتوفير‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ومضاعفاته‬ ‫المرض‬ ‫تطور‬ ‫لمنع‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫قد‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫االستراتيجيات‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬

4. ABO TALAL
tertiary prevention
15 Which of the following refer to Assesses burden, at risk groups, trends?
‫المعرضة‬ ‫والفئات‬ ،‫العبء‬ ‫تقييم‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫واالتجاهات؟‬ ،‫للخطر‬
A. Descriptive Epidemiology ‫الوصفي‬ ‫األوبئة‬ ‫علم‬
B. Analytic Epidemiology
C. Intervention and Evaluation Research
D. Experimental Epidemiology
16 Which one of the following sentences is a simple way to present the burden of disease to the
general public, but it is dependent on the population size?
‫لعامة‬ ‫المرض‬ ‫عبء‬ ‫لتقديم‬ ‫بسيطة‬ ‫طريقة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫الجمل‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
،‫الناس‬
‫السكان؟‬ ‫حجم‬ ‫على‬ ‫تعتمد‬ ‫ولكنها‬
a. Prevalence
b. Rate
c. Incidence
D. count The number or actual count of persons affected by a chronic disease, condition, or risk factor
17 Which one of the following sentences is often used as the most fundamental measure of burden
in the population?
‫السكان؟‬ ‫على‬ ‫للعبء‬ ‫أساسي‬ ‫كمقياس‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ‫ما‬ ‫غالبا‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫الجمل‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
count of affected individuals
18 Which one of the following the count of affected individuals is seen as the fundamental measure?
‫األساسي‬ ‫المقياس‬ ‫أنه‬ ‫على‬ ‫إليه‬ ‫ينظر‬ ‫المتضررين‬ ‫األفراد‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
The Burden of Disease ‫المرض‬ ‫عبء‬
19 Which rates are used to compare populations?
‫السكان‬ ‫لمقارنة‬ ‫المستخدمة‬ ‫المعدالت‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
incidence and prevalence
20 Which of the following refer to the number of new cases in a specific period divided by number
of persons exposed to risk during this period?
‫عدد‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫الفترة؟‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫للخطر‬ ‫المعرضين‬ ‫األشخاص‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫على‬ ‫مقسوما‬ ‫محددة‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الجديدة‬ ‫الحاالت‬
A. Incidence
B. Cumulative Incidence
C.Prevalence
D. Count

5. ABO TALAL
21 which of the following refers to the number of new cases over a defined period divided by the
“person-time experience of the population”
‫الشخص‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫في‬ ‫السكان‬ ‫"تجربة‬ ‫على‬ ‫مقسوما‬ ‫محددة‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫الجديدة‬ ‫الحاالت‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫"أي‬
Incidence (or incidence rate)
22 which of the following refers to the number of persons multiplied by the period over which they
were monitored?
‫خاللها؟‬ ‫رصدهم‬ ‫تم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الفترة‬ ‫في‬ ‫مضروبا‬ ‫األشخاص‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
person-years person-time
23 Which among the following are referred to as chronic illnesses, noncommunicable diseases, and
degenerative diseases?
‫التنكسية؟‬ ‫واألمراض‬ ‫السارية‬ ‫غير‬ ‫واألمراض‬ ‫المزمنة‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫باسم‬ ‫إليه‬ ‫يشار‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Chronic diseases
24 Which of the following refer to the probability or risk of developing a disease over a defined
period?
‫خالل‬ ‫بمرض‬ ‫اإلصابة‬ ‫خطر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫احتمال‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫محددة‬ ‫فترة‬
A. Incidence
B. Cumulative Incidence ‫التراكمي‬ ‫الحدوث‬
C. Prevalence
D. Count
25 Which of the following refer to the range of Cumulative Incidence?
‫التراكمي؟‬ ‫الحدوث‬ ‫نطاق‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
A. 0 to 1
B. 0 to -1
C. -1 to+1
D. 0 to 0.5

6. ABO TALAL
26 Which of the following refer to the existing cases of disease divided by total population is
measured at a point in time?
‫زمنية‬ ‫نقطة‬ ‫عند‬ ‫قياسه‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫السكان‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫إجمالي‬ ‫على‬ ‫مقسوما‬ ‫الحالية‬ ‫المرض‬ ‫حاالت‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
A. Incidence
B. Cumulative Incidence
C. Prevalence or prevalence rate ‫االنتشار‬ ‫معدل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫االنتشار‬ ‫معدل‬ -
D. Count
27 Which of the following refer to the number of people who have the disease at a point in time?
‫ما‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫في‬ ‫بالمرض‬ ‫المصابين‬ ‫األشخاص‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Prevalence
28 Which one of the following statement refer to incidence rate of one group compared to
another?
‫أخرى‬ ‫بمجموعة‬ ‫مقارنة‬ ‫واحدة‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫معدل‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫العبارات‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
a. Prevalence
b. Rate difference
c. Rate odds
d. Rate ratio
29 Which one of the following statement refer to subtracting the rates from one another?
‫البعض؟‬ ‫بعضها‬ ‫من‬ ‫المعدالت‬ ‫طرح‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫العبارات‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
a. Prevalence
b. Rate difference. ‫المعدل‬ ‫فرق‬ minus
c. Rate odds
d. Rate ratio
30 Which one of the following is an alternative to the ratio measure?
‫النسبة؟‬ ‫لمقياس‬ ‫بديل‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
a. Prevalence
b. Rate difference. ‫المعدل‬ ‫فرق‬
c. Rate odds
d. Rate ratio

7. ABO TALAL
31 Which one of the following define relative risk? risk ratio
‫المخاطر‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫النسبية؟‬ ‫المخاطر‬ ‫يحدد‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
a. New events in a specified period / persons exposed to risk within period = Incidence rate
b. Risk of death or disease in population exposed to risk / risk of death or diseased in unexposed
population
. ‫خطر‬ / ‫للخطر‬ ‫المعرضين‬ ‫السكان‬ ‫لدى‬ ‫المرض‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الوفاة‬ ‫خطر‬
‫المعرضين‬ ‫غير‬ ‫السكان‬ ‫في‬ ‫المرض‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الوفاة‬
c. Population attributable risk — Rate of disease in population attributed to risk factor / total rate of
disease.
d. Incidence rate of one group compared to another = (rate ratio)
32 which of the following refers to as the risk of death or disease in population exposed to risk / risk
of death or diseased in unexposed population?
‫غير‬ ‫السكان‬ ‫في‬ ‫المرض‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الوفاة‬ ‫خطر‬ / ‫لخطر‬ ‫المعرضين‬ ‫السكان‬ ‫لدى‬ ‫المرض‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الوفاة‬ ‫خطر‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫المعرضين‬
Relative risk
33 Which one of the following the most thorough and scientific study?
‫وعلمية‬ ‫شموال‬ ‫األكثر‬ ‫الدراسة‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫أي‬
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) ‫الشواهد‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫المعشاة‬ ‫التجارب‬
34 Which of the following refer to advantage of Randomized Control Trail?
‫أي‬
‫العشوائي؟‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫مسار‬ ‫ميزة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬
A. Useful for rare disease = Case-control
B. Inexpensive
C. Controls for bias by random assignment ‫العشوائي‬ ‫التعيين‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫التحيز‬ ‫ضوابط‬ -
D. Impractical
35 which of the following is the disadvantages of randomized control trails(RCTs) studies?
‫العشوائية‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫مسارات‬ ‫دراسات‬ ‫عيوب‬ ‫هو‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬ (RCTs)‫؟‬
a. Long time
b. Didn’t need comparison group.
c. High cost
d. Confounders can’t be equally distributed.

8. ABO TALAL
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) ‫شورت‬
advantage disadvantages
Controls for bias by random assignment
‫العشوائي‬ ‫التعيين‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫التحيز‬ ‫ضوابط‬ - * High cost
* Impractical long-term
* Impractical exposures
‫العملي‬ ‫غير‬ ‫التعرض‬ * ‫األجل‬ ‫طويل‬ ‫عملي‬ ‫غير‬ * ‫عالية‬ ‫تكلفة‬
36 When are the historical or retroactive studies can also be a viable option?
‫للتطبيق؟‬ ‫قابال‬ ‫خيارا‬ ‫رجعي‬ ‫بأثر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫التاريخية‬ ‫الدراسات‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫متى‬
if the correct records are available ‫متوفرة‬ ‫الصحيحة‬ ‫السجالت‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫إذا‬
37 what the primary advantage of a true prospective study over other observational designs?
‫األخرى‬ ‫الرصدية‬ ‫التصاميم‬ ‫على‬ ‫حقيقية‬ ‫مستقبلية‬ ‫لدراسة‬ ‫األساسية‬ ‫الميزة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
the opportunity to actively and intensively measure the exposures of interest before the period of disease induction
‫التعرض‬ ‫لقياس‬ ‫فرصة‬
‫المرض‬ ‫تحريض‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫مكثف‬ ‫وبشكل‬ ‫بنشاط‬ ‫لالهتمام‬
38 what the advantages and disadvantages Randomized community trial? ‫شورت‬
‫العشوائي‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫تجربة‬ ‫وعيوب‬ ‫مزايا‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
Randomized community trial ‫عشوائية‬ ‫مجتمعية‬ ‫تجربة‬
advantage disadvantages
Can examine population wide exposures
‫للسكان‬ ‫واسع‬ ‫نطاق‬ ‫على‬ ‫التعرض‬ ‫فحص‬ ‫يمكن‬
-Multicomponent interventions may be more effective
‫فعالية‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫قد‬ ‫المكونات‬ ‫متعددة‬ ‫التدخالت‬
-Very high cost
-Often involves small number of study groups
‫جدا‬ ‫عالية‬ ‫تكلفة‬
-
‫تنطوي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫غالبا‬
‫الدراسات‬ ‫لجان‬ ‫من‬ ‫صغير‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫على‬
Quasi-experimental studies
advantage disadvantages
-Can be used to study real world program and policy
Interventions ‫البرنامجية‬ ‫التدخالت‬ ‫لدراسة‬ ‫استخدامها‬ ‫يمكن‬
‫الحقيقي‬ ‫العالم‬ ‫في‬ ‫والسياسية‬
-Can use multiple comparison groups, repeated baseline
measures to strengthen design
- ‫التصميم‬ ‫لتعزيز‬ ‫المتكررة‬ ‫األساس‬ ‫خط‬ ‫وتدابير‬ ،‫متعددة‬ ‫مقارنة‬ ‫مجموعات‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫يمكن‬
-Potential for bias in comparison groups
‫إ‬
‫المقارنة‬ ‫مجموعات‬ ‫في‬ ‫التحيز‬ ‫مكانية‬
-Lack of control of confounding factors
‫عدم‬
‫المربكة‬ ‫العوامل‬ ‫على‬ ‫السيطرة‬
Case-control
advantage disadvantages
-Useful for rare diseases
-Relatively inexpensive
-Relatively quick results
- ‫النادرة‬ ‫لألمراض‬ ‫مفيد‬
-
‫نسبيا‬ ‫مكلفة‬ ‫غير‬
-
‫نسبيا‬ ‫سريعة‬ ‫نتائج‬
- Possible bias in measuring risk factors
after disease has occurred
‫المرض‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫قياس‬ ‫في‬ ‫المحتمل‬ ‫التحيز‬
-Possible bias in selecting control group
‫الضابطة‬ ‫المجموعة‬ ‫اختيار‬ ‫في‬ ‫المحتمل‬ ‫التحيز‬

9. ABO TALAL
-Identified cases may not represent all cases
‫الحاالت‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫تمثل‬ ‫ال‬ ‫قد‬ ‫المحددة‬ ‫الحاالت‬
39 which of the following are important types of error in epidemiological studies?
‫الوبائية؟‬ ‫الدراسات‬ ‫في‬ ‫األخطاء‬ ‫من‬ ‫مهمة‬ ‫أنواعا‬ ‫يمثل‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Confounding and bias
40 which of the following refers to the influence of an exposure of interest is mixed with the
effect of another?
‫آخر؟‬ ‫بتأثير‬ ‫يختلط‬ ‫للمصلحة‬ ‫التعرض‬ ‫تأثير‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
A. Confounding ‫االرتباك‬
B. Information Bias
C. Validity
D. Reliability
41 In which study confounders can be equally distributed among each study group?
‫توزيع‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫أي‬ ‫في‬
‫دراسات؟‬ ‫لجنة‬ ‫كل‬ ‫بين‬ ‫بالتساوي‬ ‫االرتباكات‬
In RCT = Randomized controlled trials
42 In which study confounders have to be measured and adjusted?
‫وتعديلها؟‬ ‫اإلرباكات‬ ‫قياس‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫أي‬ ‫في‬
In observational studies
43 which of the following arises when the relation between exposure and disease is different
for those who participate and those who theoretically would be eligible for study but do
not participate?
‫الذين‬ ‫ألولئك‬ ‫بالنسبة‬ ‫مختلفة‬ ‫والمرض‬ ‫التعرض‬ ‫بين‬ ‫العالقة‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫عندما‬ ‫ينشأ‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫من‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫وأولئك‬ ‫يشاركون‬
‫يشاركون‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ولكنهم‬ ‫للدراسة‬ ‫مؤهلين‬ ‫سيكونون‬ ‫النظرية‬ ‫الناحية‬
A. Selection Bias
B. Confounding
C. Information Bias
D. Validity
44 which of the following comes from bias regarding how the subjects enter in the study or
information is collected from study subjects?
‫مواضيع‬ ‫من‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الدراسة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الموضوعات‬ ‫دخول‬ ‫بكيفية‬ ‫يتعلق‬ ‫فيما‬ ‫التحيز‬ ‫من‬ ‫يأتي‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫الدراسة‬.
Selection Bias

10. ABO TALAL
45 which of the following arises as a result of measurement error in assessment of both
exposure and disease?
‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫والمرض؟‬ ‫التعرض‬ ‫من‬ ‫كل‬ ‫تقييم‬ ‫في‬ ‫القياس‬ ‫في‬ ‫لخطأ‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫ينشأ‬
A. Selection Bias
B. Confounding
C. Information Bias = Classification errors ‫التصنيف‬ ‫أخطاء‬ = ‫المعلومات‬ ‫تحيز‬
D. Validity
46 which of the following can occur in epidemiological studies is the result of errors in
classification of exposure or disease?
‫المرض؟‬ ‫أو‬ ‫التعرض‬ ‫تصنيف‬ ‫في‬ ‫ألخطاء‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫هو‬ ‫الوبائية‬ ‫الدراسات‬ ‫في‬ ‫يحدث‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Information Bias Recall bias
47 which of the following refer How much burden is lessened is exposure is eliminated?
‫أي‬
‫التعرض؟‬ ‫من‬ ‫التخلص‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫تخفيفه‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫العبء‬ ‫مقدار‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬
Attributable Risk ‫المنسوبة‬ ‫المخاطر‬
48 which of the following must be measured through repetition and variety or intervention?
‫التدخل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫والتنوع‬ ‫التكرار‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫قياسه‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Validity
49 What is the four steps in undertaking a meta-analysis? ‫شورت‬
‫التلوي‬ ‫التحليل‬ ‫إجراء‬ ‫في‬ ‫األربع‬ ‫الخطوات‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬.
1. Identify relevant studies ‫اإلدراج‬ ‫معايير‬ ‫تحديد‬
2. inclusion/exclusion criteria‫الصلة‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫للدراسات‬ ‫االستبعاد‬ /
3. data abstraction, ‫البيانات‬ ‫تجريد‬
4. heterogeneity across statistical analysis ‫اإلحصائي‬ ‫التحليل‬ ‫عبر‬ ‫التجانس‬ ‫عدم‬
50 which of the following is most useful for combining the results of multiple, small?
‫وصغيرة‬ ‫متعددة‬ ‫نتائج‬ ‫بين‬ ‫للجمع‬ ‫فائدة‬ ‫األكثر‬ ‫هو‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Meta-analysis
51 which of the following is the four steps to proper risk assessment? ‫شورت‬
‫صحيح؟‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫المخاطر‬ ‫لتقييم‬ ‫األربع‬ ‫الخطوات‬ ‫يمثل‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
1. Hazard identification, ‫المخاطر‬ ‫تحديد‬
2. Risk characterization, ‫المخاطر‬ ‫توصيف‬
3. Exposure assessment and ‫التعرض‬ ‫تقييم‬
4. Risk estimation ‫المخاطر‬ ‫تقدير‬

11. ABO TALAL
52 which of the following refer new events in a specified period / persons exposed to risk
within period?
‫فترة؟‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫للخطر‬ ‫المعرضين‬ ‫األشخاص‬ / ‫محددة‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫في‬ ‫جديدة‬ ‫أحداث‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
A. Incidence rate
B. Relative risk
C. Population attributable risk
53 which of the following refer rate of disease in population attributed to risk factor / total
rate of disease?
‫للمرض؟‬ ‫الكلي‬ ‫المعدل‬ / ‫الخطر‬ ‫عامل‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫المنسوب‬ ‫السكان‬ ‫بين‬ ‫المرض‬ ‫معدل‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫التالي‬ ‫المعدل‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
A. Incidence rate
B. Relative risk
C. Population attributable risk
Ch 3
54 which of the following is now seen more frequently among both adults and children?
‫سواء‬ ‫حد‬ ‫على‬ ‫واألطفال‬ ‫البالغين‬ ‫بين‬ ‫تواترا‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫اآلن‬ ‫إليه‬ ‫ينظر‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Obesity
55 What is the goal of secondary prevention of high blood pressure at individual level?
‫الفردي؟‬ ‫المستوى‬ ‫على‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫ضغط‬ ‫ارتفاع‬ ‫من‬ ‫الثانوية‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫من‬ ‫الهدف‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ما‬
a. Intervening before hypertensions occur
b. limiting the risk of becoming hypertensive
c. Avoid complications of high blood pressure
d. Avoid the development of high blood pressure
Secondary prevention
1. find many diseases earlier ‫مبكر‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫في‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫من‬ ‫العديد‬ ‫على‬ ‫العثور‬
2. are cheaper to treat ‫لعالج‬ ‫أرخص‬
3. more beneficial to lifestyle change ‫الحياة‬ ‫نمط‬ ‫لتغيير‬ ‫فائدة‬ ‫أكثر‬
4. lead to fewer visits in later years ‫الالحقة‬ ‫السنوات‬ ‫في‬ ‫الزيارات‬ ‫من‬ ‫أقل‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يؤدي‬
5. lower health costs ‫الصحية‬ ‫التكاليف‬ ‫من‬ ‫قلل‬
56 Which of the following levels of prevention can find many diseases earlier when they are
cheaper to treat which will reduce the cost?
‫من‬ ‫أي‬
‫يقلل‬ ‫مما‬ ‫العالج‬ ‫في‬ ‫أرخص‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫عندما‬ ‫مبكر‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫في‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫من‬ ‫العديد‬ ‫تجد‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫مستويات‬
‫التكلفة؟‬ ‫من‬
a. Interpersonal
b. Primary
c. Secondary
d. Tertiary

12. ABO TALAL
57 Which one of the following prevention can find many diseases earlier when they are
cheaper to treat and more beneficial to lifestyle change and also lead to fewer visits in
later years?
‫لتغيير‬ ‫فائدة‬ ‫وأكثر‬ ‫العالج‬ ‫في‬ ‫أرخص‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫عندما‬ ‫مبكر‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫في‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫من‬ ‫العديد‬ ‫تجد‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
‫السنو‬ ‫في‬ ‫الزيارات‬ ‫من‬ ‫أقل‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫أيضا‬ ‫وتؤدي‬ ‫الحياة‬ ‫نمط‬
‫الالحقة؟‬ ‫ات‬
a. Primordial
b. Secondary
c. Primary
d. Tertiary
58 which of the following Levels of prevention should be emphasized by the health care
system to cut down the overall cost of health care?
‫الرعاية‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫يشدد‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ينبغي‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫مستويات‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
‫الصحية؟‬ ‫للرعاية‬ ‫اإلجمالية‬ ‫التكلفة‬ ‫لخفض‬ ‫الصحية‬
a. Secondary
b. Interpersonal
c. Primary
d. Tertiary
If the health care system reallocated funds to focus more on primary prevention, including broader
reimbursement for prevention services, the overall cost of health care might be more manageable
‫على‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫تكاليف‬ ‫سداد‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫في‬ ‫بما‬ ،‫األولية‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫على‬ ‫أكبر‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫للتركيز‬ ‫األموال‬ ‫تخصيص‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫أعاد‬ ‫إذا‬
‫قاب‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫للرعاية‬ ‫اإلجمالية‬ ‫التكلفة‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫فقد‬ ،‫أوسع‬ ‫نطاق‬
‫لإلدارة‬ ‫لية‬ .
59 Features like sidewalks, parks, bike trails, community pools are examples of which of the
following?
‫يلي؟‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬ ‫على‬ ‫أمثلة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫المجتمعية‬ ‫السباحة‬ ‫وحمامات‬ ‫الدراجات‬ ‫ومسارات‬ ‫والحدائق‬ ‫األرصفة‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫ميزات‬
A. Environmental determinants ‫البيئية‬ ‫المحددات‬
B. Behavioral determinants
C. Health care determinants
D. Social determinants
60 Which of the following determinants is mainly responsible for the many observed health
disparities in burden of chronic diseases?
‫المزمنة؟‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫عبء‬ ‫في‬ ‫الملحوظة‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫التفاوتات‬ ‫من‬ ‫العديد‬ ‫عن‬ ‫رئيسي‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫مسؤول‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫المحددات‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
A. Social
B. Behavioral
C. Health care
D. Environmental

13. ABO TALAL
61 Which of the following determinants are often a large result of health disparities?
‫الصحية؟‬ ‫للتفاوتات‬ ‫كبيرة‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫ما‬ ‫غالبا‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫المحددات‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
Social determinants ‫االجتماعية‬ ‫المحددات‬
62 which of the following determinants is mainly responsible for the many observed health
disparities in burden of chronic disease?
‫األمراض‬ ‫عبء‬ ‫في‬ ‫الملحوظة‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫التفاوتات‬ ‫من‬ ‫العديد‬ ‫عن‬ ‫أساسا‬ ‫مسؤول‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫المحددات‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
‫المزمنة؟‬
Social
63 Which level intervention altering knowledge, attitudes, skills, and future behavioral
‫المستقبلي‬ ‫والسلوك‬ ‫والمهارات‬ ‫والمواقف‬ ‫المعرفة‬ ‫يغير‬ ‫تدخل‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫أي‬
a. Intrapersonal factors ‫الشخص‬ ‫داخل‬
b. Interpersonal factors
c. Organizational factors
d. Community factors
64 Behavioral patterns and behavioral norms that are acquired from relationships such as
friends, peers and family members refer to which of the following?
‫تشير‬
‫األنماط‬
‫السلوكية‬
‫والمعايير‬
‫السلوكية‬
‫المكتسبة‬
‫من‬
‫العالقات‬
‫مثل‬
‫األصدقاء‬
‫واألقران‬
‫وأفراد‬
‫األسرة‬
‫إلى‬
‫أي‬
‫مما‬
‫يلي؟‬
A. Interpersonal Factors ‫الشخصية‬ ‫العوامل‬
B. Community Factors
C. Intrapersonal factors
D. Organizational factors
65 Which level intervention understanding and accessing the relationships that people have
with other individuals in their social network such as friends
‫ما‬
‫هو‬
‫مستوى‬
‫التدخل‬
‫في‬
‫فهم‬
‫والوصول‬
‫إلى‬
‫العالقات‬
‫التي‬
‫تربط‬
‫الناس‬
‫باألفراد‬
‫اآلخرين‬
‫في‬
‫شبكتهم‬
‫االجتماعية‬
‫مثل‬
‫األصدقاء‬
a. Intrapersonal factors
b. Interpersonal factors
c. Organizational factors
d. Community factors
e. Policy factors

14. ABO TALAL
66 Which level intervention using organizations such as schools, faith-based groups, work
sites, or health care facilities to direct, influence, or support health behavior change?
‫أي‬
‫مستوى‬
‫من‬
‫التد‬
‫خل‬
‫باستخدام‬
‫منظمات‬
‫مثل‬
‫المدارس‬
‫أو‬
‫الجماعات‬
‫الدينية‬
‫أو‬
‫مواقع‬
‫العمل‬
‫أو‬
‫مرافق‬
‫الرعاية‬
‫الصحية‬
‫لتوجيه‬
‫تغيير‬
‫السلوك‬
‫الصحي‬
‫أو‬
‫التأثير‬
‫عليه‬
‫أو‬
‫دعمه‬
a. Intrapersonal factors
b. Interpersonal factors
c. Organizational factors ‫التنظيمية‬ ‫العوامل‬
d. Community factors
67 Which level intervention catalyzing interest within an area having geographic or political
boundaries to leverage power structures to achieve a particular set of health?
‫أي‬
‫مستوى‬
‫من‬
‫التدخل‬
‫يحفز‬
‫االهتمام‬
‫داخل‬
‫منطقة‬
‫لها‬
‫حدود‬
‫جغرافية‬
‫أو‬
‫سياسية‬
‫لالستفادة‬
‫من‬
‫هياكل‬
‫السلطة‬
‫لتحقيق‬
‫مجموعة‬
‫معينة‬
‫من‬
‫الصحة‬
a. Intrapersonal factors
b. Interpersonal factors
c. Organizational factors
d. Community factors ‫المجتمعية‬ ‫العوامل‬
68 Which level intervention typically in the weakest position to advocate on their own behalf
such as rural poor, members of underrepresented minorities, less educated, physically or
mentally disabled?
‫ما‬
‫هو‬
‫مستوى‬
‫التدخل‬
‫الذي‬
‫عادة‬
‫ما‬
‫يكون‬
‫في‬
‫أضعف‬
‫وضع‬
‫يمكنه‬
‫من‬
‫الدفاع‬
‫عنه‬
‫نيابة‬
‫عن‬
‫أنفسهم‬
‫مثل‬
‫فقراء‬
،‫الريف‬
‫وأفراد‬
‫األقليات‬
‫الممثلة‬
‫تمثيال‬
،‫ناقصا‬
‫واألقل‬
،‫تعليما‬
‫والمعوقين‬
‫بدنيا‬
‫أو‬
‫عقليا؟‬
Community factors ‫المجتمعية‬ ‫العوامل‬
69 Which one of the following can be used in reaching those who lean toward external
control?
‫أي‬
‫مما‬
‫يلي‬
‫يمكن‬
‫استخدامه‬
‫للوصول‬
‫إلى‬
‫أولئك‬
‫الذين‬
‫يميلون‬
‫إلى‬
‫السيطرة‬
‫الخارجية؟‬
a. Community factors.
b. Organizational factors.
c. Interpersonal factors.
d. Policy factors. ‫السياس‬ ‫عوامل‬

15. ABO TALAL
70 Which level intervention advocating for and organizing and analyzing policies and
procedures, regulations, and laws that favorably influence the fight against chronic
diseases?
‫ما‬
‫هو‬
‫مستوى‬
‫التدخل‬
‫الذي‬
‫يدافع‬
‫عن‬
‫السياسات‬
‫واإلجراءات‬
‫واللوائح‬
‫والقوانين‬
‫التي‬
‫تؤثر‬
‫بشكل‬
‫إيجابي‬
‫على‬
‫مكافحة‬
‫األمراض‬
‫المزمنة‬
‫وينظمها‬
‫ويحللها‬ .
Policy factors. ‫السياسة‬ ‫عوامل‬
71 What are the levels of intervention takes into account that influence health behavior? ‫شورت‬
‫ما‬
‫هي‬
‫مستويات‬
‫التدخل‬
‫التي‬
‫تؤخذ‬
‫في‬
‫االعتبار‬
‫والتي‬
‫تؤثر‬
‫على‬
‫السلوك‬
‫الصحي؟‬
1. Intrapersonal factors ‫نفسة‬ ‫الشخص‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫العوامل‬
2. Interpersonal factors ‫الشخصية‬ ‫العوامل‬
3. Organizational factors ‫التنظيمية‬ ‫العوامل‬
4. Community factors ‫المجتمعية‬ ‫العوامل‬
5. Policy factors ‫السياسة‬ ‫عوامل‬
72 Which of the following perspectives takes into consideration that health decisions for
chronic disease intervention are influenced by numerous individual, social and
environmental factors?
‫العوامل‬ ‫من‬ ‫بالعديد‬ ‫تتأثر‬ ‫المزمنة‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫في‬ ‫للتدخل‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫القرارات‬ ‫أن‬ ‫االعتبار‬ ‫في‬ ‫يأخذ‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫النظر‬ ‫وجهات‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
‫والبيئية؟‬ ‫واالجتماعية‬ ‫الفردية‬
A. Ecological = Ecological perspective
B. Psychological
C. Social
D. Organizational
73 Which of the following perspectives addresses individual as well as social and
environmental factors as the foci of chronic disease interventions
‫المزمنة‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫لتدخالت‬ ‫كبؤر‬ ‫والبيئية‬ ‫واالجتماعية‬ ‫الفردية‬ ‫العوامل‬ ‫يتناول‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫النظر‬ ‫وجهات‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
Ecological perspective
74 Which of the following Intrapersonal (Individual) Approaches to Chronic Disease
Intervention?
‫أي‬
‫من‬
‫األساليب‬
‫الشخصية‬
(
‫الفردية‬
)
‫التالية‬
‫للتدخل‬
‫في‬
‫األمراض‬
‫المزمنة؟‬
1. Health Belief Model ‫الصحي‬ ‫االعتقاد‬ ‫نموذج‬
2. Transtheoretical Model and Stages of Change ‫النموذج‬
‫العابر‬
‫للنظريات‬
‫ومراحل‬
‫التغيير‬
3. Theory of Planned Behavior ‫نظرية‬
‫السلوك‬
‫المخطط‬
4. Health Locus of Control Model ‫الموضع‬
‫الصحي‬
‫لنموذج‬
‫التحكم‬

16. ABO TALAL
75 Which one of the following is the first attempt of behavioral scientists to use theory to
study preventive behaviors?
‫أي‬
‫مما‬
‫يلي‬
‫هو‬
‫المحاولة‬
‫األولى‬
‫لعلماء‬
‫السلوك‬
‫الستخدام‬
‫النظرية‬
‫لدراسة‬
‫السلوكيات‬
‫الوقائية؟‬
A. Health Belief Model ‫الصحي‬ ‫االعتقاد‬ ‫نموذج‬ Early attempt
B. Health Locus of control
C. Theory of planned Behavior
D. Trans-theoretical Behavior
76 was one of the first attempts of behavioral scientists to use theory to study preventive
health behaviors?
‫كانت‬
‫واحدة‬
‫من‬
‫أولى‬
‫محاوالت‬
‫علماء‬
‫السلوك‬
‫الستخدام‬
‫النظرية‬
‫لدراسة‬
‫السلوكيات‬
‫الصحية‬
‫الوقائية‬
A. Transtheoretical Model
B. Theory of Planned Behavior
C. Health Locus of Control
D. Health Belief Model + moderate severity and susceptibility‫وقابلية‬ ‫معتدلة‬ ‫شدة‬
Health Belief Model (HBM) 1950s + people rarely adopt preventative behaviors
‫الصحي‬ ‫االعتقاد‬ ‫نموذج‬ (HBM) 1950s + ‫وقائية‬ ‫سلوكيات‬ ‫الناس‬ ‫يتبنى‬ ‫ما‬ ‫نادرا‬/
77 Why Often criticized Health Belief Model?
‫الصحي‬ ‫االعتقاد‬ ‫نموذج‬ ‫ينتقد‬ ‫ما‬ ‫غالبا‬ ‫لماذا‬
people rarely adopt preventative behaviors
78 more commonly referred to as the Stages of Change Model, was developed by James and
the model is that not everyone is at an equivalent stage of readiness to change health
behavior
‫يشار‬
‫إليه‬
‫أكثر‬
‫شيوعا‬
‫باسم‬
‫نموذج‬
‫مراحل‬
،‫التغيير‬
‫وقد‬
‫طوره‬
‫جيمس‬
‫والنموذج‬
‫هو‬
‫أنه‬
‫ليس‬
‫كل‬
‫شخص‬
‫في‬
‫مرحلة‬
‫مماثلة‬
‫من‬
‫االستعداد‬
‫لتغيير‬
‫السلوك‬
‫الصحي‬ .
Transtheoretical Model ‫العابر‬ ‫النموذج‬
79 Which of the following stages known as Stages of change model?
‫أي‬
‫المراحل‬
‫اآلتية‬
‫تعرف‬
‫باسم‬
‫مراحل‬
‫نموذج‬
‫التغيير؟‬
A. Trans- theoretical Model
B. Theory of Planned Behavior
C. Health Belief Model
D. Health Locus Control

17. ABO TALAL
80 What are the series of stages of Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change Model)? ‫شورت‬
‫ما‬
‫هي‬
‫سلسلة‬
‫مراحل‬
‫النموذج‬
‫عبر‬
‫النظري‬
(
‫مراحل‬
‫نموذج‬
‫التغيير‬
)
‫؟‬
1. Precontemplation stage ‫التأمل‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫ما‬ ‫مرحلة‬
2. contemplation stage ‫التأمل‬ ‫مرحلة‬
3. preparation stage, ‫التحضير‬ ‫مرحلة‬
4. action stage ‫االجراء‬ ‫مرحلة‬
5. maintenance stage ‫المحافظة‬ ‫مرحلة‬
81 one is not thinking about behavior change?
‫ال‬
‫يفكر‬
‫المرء‬
‫في‬
‫تغيير‬
‫السلوك؟‬
A. Precontemplation
B. contemplation,
C. action
D. maintenance
82 Which of the following stages of Transtheoretical Model is no intention to change
behavior, perhaps not even any awareness that change?
‫أي‬
‫من‬
‫المراحل‬
‫التالية‬
‫من‬
‫النموذج‬
‫عبر‬
‫النظري‬
‫ال‬
‫توجد‬
‫نية‬
‫لتغيير‬
،‫السلوك‬
‫وربما‬
‫حتى‬
‫أي‬
‫وعي‬
‫يتغير‬
A. Precontemplation
B. contemplation,
C. action
D. maintenance
83 Which of the following stages of Transtheoretical Model an individual may recognize that
change is a possibility but is still thinking about making the change?
‫أي‬
‫من‬
‫المراحل‬
‫التالية‬
‫من‬
‫النموذج‬
‫عبر‬
‫النظري‬
‫قد‬
‫يدرك‬
‫الفرد‬
‫أن‬
‫التغيير‬
‫هو‬
‫احتمال‬
‫ولكنه‬
‫ال‬
‫يزال‬
‫يفكر‬
‫في‬
‫إجراء‬
‫التغيير‬
A. Precontemplation
B. contemplation,
C. action
D. maintenance
84 one is thinking about changing a behavior but has not done anything about it?
‫يفكر‬
‫المرء‬
‫في‬
‫تغيير‬
‫سلوك‬
‫ما‬
‫ولكنه‬
‫لم‬
‫يفعل‬
‫أي‬
‫شيء‬
‫حيال‬
‫ذلك‬
‫؛‬
A. Precontemplation
B. contemplation
C. action,
D. maintenance,
still thinking about making the change
has not fully committed to doing so ‫بذلك‬ ‫بالقيام‬ ‫كامال‬ ‫التزاما‬ ‫تلتزم‬ ‫لم‬

18. ABO TALAL
85 Which of the following stages of Stages of Change Model people may gather information
about the consequences of altering their lifestyle, affirming the need to change, and
possibly, making a plan?
‫أي‬
‫من‬
‫المراحل‬
‫التالية‬
‫من‬
‫نموذج‬
‫مراحل‬
‫التغيير‬
‫قد‬
‫يجمع‬
‫األشخاص‬
‫معلومات‬
‫حول‬
‫عواقب‬
‫تغيير‬
‫نمط‬
‫حياتهم‬
،
‫مما‬
‫يؤكد‬
‫الحاجة‬
‫إلى‬
‫التغيير‬
،
‫وربما‬
‫يضع‬
‫خطة؟‬
preparation stage in the next 30 days.
86 person actually implements the change, shifting the plan from one that is theoretical to
one that is operational—a period that may last up to 6 months?
‫شخص‬
‫ينفذ‬
‫التغيير‬
‫بالفعل‬
،
‫ويحول‬
‫الخطة‬
‫من‬
‫خطة‬
‫نظرية‬
‫إلى‬
‫خطة‬
‫تشغيلية‬
-
‫وهي‬
‫فترة‬
‫قد‬
‫تستمر‬
‫حتى‬
6
‫أشهر؟‬
action
87 one has adopted a new behavior for less than six months?
‫اعتمد‬
‫المرء‬
‫سلوكا‬
‫جديدا‬
‫لمدة‬
‫تقل‬
‫عن‬
‫ستة‬
‫أشهر‬
A. Precontemplation
B. contemplation
C. action
D. maintenance
88 one has practiced a new behavior for longer than six months
‫مارس‬
‫المرء‬
‫سلوكا‬
‫جديدا‬
‫ألكثر‬
‫من‬
‫ستة‬
‫أشهر‬
A. Precontemplation
B. contemplation
C. action
D. maintenance
If the action stage becomes routinized, the consolidation of the behaviors initiated
previously into one’s typical lifestyle
‫النموذجي‬ ‫الفرد‬ ‫حياة‬ ‫نمط‬ ‫في‬ ‫سابقا‬ ‫بدأت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫السلوكيات‬ ‫دمج‬ ‫فإن‬ ، ‫روتينية‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫مرحلة‬ ‫أصبحت‬ ‫إذا‬
At maintenance stage, people can go in one of two possible directions
‫في‬
‫مرحلة‬
‫الصيانة‬
،
‫يمكن‬
‫لألشخاص‬
‫الذهاب‬
‫في‬
‫أحد‬
‫االتجاهين‬
‫الممكنين‬
1. enter the termination stage ‫اإلنهاء‬ ‫مرحلة‬ ‫أدخل‬
2. relapse stage

19. ABO TALAL
89 one has stopped the new behavior but plans to resume the behavior change?
‫أوقف‬
‫المرء‬
‫السلوك‬
‫الجديد‬
‫ولكنه‬
‫يخطط‬
‫الستئناف‬
‫تغيير‬
‫السلوك‬
A. Precontemplation
B. contemplation
C. action
D. relapse
90 where there is recidivism and a resumption of former, less healthy behavior
‫عندما‬
‫يكون‬
‫هناك‬
‫معاودة‬
‫لإلجرام‬
‫واستئناف‬
‫السلوك‬
‫السابق‬
‫األقل‬
‫صحة‬
Relapse
91 Which one of the following theories stated that individual behavior is driven by behavioral
intentions?
‫أي‬
‫من‬
‫النظريات‬
‫التالية‬
‫ذكرت‬
‫أن‬
‫السلوك‬
‫الفردي‬
‫مدفوع‬
‫بالنوايا‬
‫السلوكية؟‬
a. Social Cognitive Theory.
B. Health Belief Model.
c. Theory of Planned Behavior.
d. Transtheoretical Model and Stages of Change
92 posits that individual behavior is driven by behavioral intentions?
‫يفترض‬
‫أن‬
‫السلوك‬
‫الفردي‬
‫مدفوع‬
‫بالنوايا‬
‫السلوكية‬
a) Transtheoretical Model
b) Theory of Planned Behavior
c) Health Locus of Control
d) Social Cognitive Theory
93 Which one of the models of change Places normative beliefs on people’s perceptions and
readiness to change?
‫أي‬
‫من‬
‫نماذج‬
‫التغيير‬
‫يضع‬
‫المعتقدات‬
‫المعيارية‬
‫على‬
‫تصورات‬
‫الناس‬
‫واستعدادهم‬
‫للتغيير؟‬
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) ‫المخطط‬ ‫السلوك‬ ‫نظرية‬ (TPB)
94 Which one of the following refer the beliefs underlying a person’s subjective norms?
‫أي‬
‫مما‬
‫يلي‬
‫يشير‬
‫إلى‬
‫المعتقدات‬
‫الكامنة‬
‫وراء‬
‫المعايير‬
‫الذاتية‬
‫للشخص؟‬
normative beliefs ‫المعيارية‬ ‫المعتقدات‬

20. ABO TALAL
95 refers to a person’s expectations about where control over events in life resides?
‫يشير‬
‫إلى‬
‫توقعات‬
‫الشخص‬
‫حول‬
‫مكان‬
‫السيطرة‬
‫على‬
‫األحداث‬
‫في‬
‫الحياة‬ .
a. Transtheoretical Model
b. Theory of Planned Behavior
c. Health Locus of Control ‫الصحي‬ ‫السيطرة‬ ‫موقع‬
d. Social Cognitive Theory
e. Health Belief Model
= where, who, what is/are responsible? ‫أين‬
،
‫من‬
،
‫ما‬
‫هو‬
/
‫هم‬
‫المسؤولون؟‬
96 Which of the following refers to internal control?
‫الداخلية؟‬ ‫الرقابة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
A. Self ‫الذاتية‬
B. Fat
C. Higher Powers
D. Luck
97 Which of the following not refers to external control? Health Locus of Control Model
‫أي‬
‫مما‬
‫يلي‬
‫يشير‬
‫إلى‬
‫التحكم‬
‫الخارجي؟‬
A. Self ‫الذاتية‬
B. Fate
C. Higher Powers
D. Luck
 higher powers, luck, fate = external control ‫الخارجية‬ ‫السيطرة‬ = ‫المصير‬ ، ‫الحظ‬ ، ‫أعلى‬ ‫قوى‬
 Self = internal control
98 Which of the following from Intrapersonal (Individual) Approaches that Control moves from
internal (self) to external?
‫أي‬
‫مما‬
‫يلي‬
‫من‬
‫النهج‬
‫الشخصية‬
(
‫الفردية‬
)
‫التي‬
‫تنتقل‬
‫السيطرة‬
‫من‬
‫الداخلية‬
(
‫الذاتية‬
)
‫إلى‬
‫الخارجية؟‬
Health Locus of Control Model
99 Which one of the following can be used in reaching those who lean toward external
control?
‫أي‬
‫مما‬
‫يلي‬
‫يمكن‬
‫استخدامه‬
‫للوصول‬
‫إلى‬
‫أولئك‬
‫الذين‬
‫يميلون‬
‫إلى‬
‫السيطرة‬
‫الخارجية؟‬
a. Community factors.
b. Organizational factors.
c. Interpersonal factors.
d. Policy factors. ‫السياسة‬ ‫عوامل‬ policy changes

21. ABO TALAL
100 Which of the following interpersonal Approaches to Chronic Disease Intervention?
‫المزمنة؟‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫في‬ ‫للتدخل‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫الشخصية‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
1 Social Cognitive Theory
2 Family-Based Interventions
3 Friends and Social Networks
4 Social Support and Social Networks
5 Natural Helpers
101 interpersonal-level theory that has been readily used in a number of chronic disease
prevention and control studies
‫المزمن‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫من‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫دراسات‬ ‫من‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫في‬ ‫بسهولة‬ ‫استخدامها‬ ‫تم‬ ‫الشخصي‬ ‫المستوى‬ ‫على‬ ‫نظرية‬
‫ومكافحتها‬ ‫ة‬
 Social Cognitive Theory
 Theory of Planned Behavior Intrapersonal
 Health Locus of Control Intrapersonal
102 Which one of the following reflect the importance of the social cognitive theory?
‫المعرفية‬ ‫النظرية‬ ‫أهمية‬ ‫يعكس‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫االجتماعية؟‬
A. To drastically change health behavior
B. Central move from internal to external
C. Place normative beliefs on people’s perception readiness to change
D. Emphasis on lighting Capabilities and Self- Confidence
• ‫القدرة‬ ‫إبراز‬ ‫على‬ ‫التركيز‬
‫بالنفس‬ ‫والثقة‬
103 Which one of the following Addresses dynamic of society that influence health and
methods for behavioral change?
‫السلوكي؟‬ ‫التغيير‬ ‫وطرق‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫على‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫ديناميكية‬ ‫يعالج‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫أي‬
Social Cognitive Theory ‫االجتماعية‬ ‫المعرفية‬ ‫النظرية‬ (SCT)
+ Applicable to wide variety of populations =capability + self-confidence
104 Which one of the following are Monopolizes on existing string of social network (family) to
implement support?
‫االجتماعية‬ ‫الشبكات‬ ‫من‬ ‫الحالية‬ ‫السلسلة‬ ‫يحتكر‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫الدعم‬ ‫لتنفيذ‬ )‫(األسرة‬
A. Natural Helpers
B. Family based intervention ‫األسرية‬ ‫التدخالت‬
C. Social network and social support
D. Friends and Social Network

22. ABO TALAL
105 Which one of the following are example Family-Based Interventions?
‫على‬ ‫مثال‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫األسرة؟‬ ‫على‬ ‫القائمة‬ ‫التدخالت‬
 weight loss program
 Family Matters program ‫العائلية‬ ‫المسائل‬ ‫برنامج‬ ‫الوزن‬ ‫انقاص‬ ‫برنامج‬
106 Which one of the following prevent youth(adolescent) smoking and alcoholism?
‫وإدمان‬ ‫التدخين‬ ‫من‬ )‫(المراهقين‬ ‫الشباب‬ ‫يمنع‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫أي‬
‫الكحول؟‬
 Family Matters program
107 Which one of the following include mentor programs, buddy systems, self-help groups?
‫الذاتية؟‬ ‫المساعدة‬ ‫ومجموعات‬ ‫األصدقاء‬ ‫وأنظمة‬ ‫التوجيه‬ ‫برامج‬ ‫يتضمن‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Friends and Social Networks ‫االجتماعية‬ ‫والشبكات‬ ‫األصدقاء‬
Friends and Social Networks = mentor programs, buddy systems, self-help groups
108 Which one of the following include emotional, instrumental, informational, appraisal Support?
‫والتقييمي؟‬ ‫واإلعالمي‬ ‫والفعال‬ ‫العاطفي‬ ‫الدعم‬ ‫يتضمن‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Social Support and Social Networks ‫االجتماعية‬ ‫والشبكات‬ ‫االجتماعي‬ ‫الدعم‬
109 Which one of the following refer either strengthening existing networks or creating new ones
to assist in the problem-solving process?
‫جديدة‬ ‫شبكات‬ ‫إنشاء‬ ‫أو‬ ‫القائمة‬ ‫الشبكات‬ ‫تعزيز‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫إما‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫المشكالت؟‬ ‫حل‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫في‬ ‫للمساعدة‬
Social Support and Social Networks ‫االجتماعية‬ ‫والشبكات‬ ‫االجتماعي‬ ‫الدعم‬
110 Which one of the following are respected and trusted members of social networks to whom
other network members turn for advice, support, and other types of aid?
‫على‬ ‫للحصول‬ ‫اآلخرون‬ ‫الشبكة‬ ‫أعضاء‬ ‫إليهم‬ ‫يلجأ‬ ‫االجتماعية‬ ‫الشبكات‬ ‫في‬ ‫بهم‬ ‫وموثوق‬ ‫محترمون‬ ‫أعضاء‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫أي‬
‫المساعدة؟‬ ‫من‬ ‫أخرى‬ ‫وأنواع‬ ‫والدعم‬ ‫المشورة‬
A. Natural Helpers ‫الطبيعيون‬ ‫المساعدون‬
B. Family based intervention
C. Social network and social support
D. Friends and Social Network
111 how do’ natural helpers’’ provide benefits to the other members of the intervention program?
‫التدخل؟‬ ‫برنامج‬ ‫في‬ ‫اآلخرين‬ ‫لألعضاء‬ ‫فوائد‬ "‫الطبيعيون‬ ‫"المساعدون‬ ‫يقدم‬ ‫كيف‬
Natural helpers are the resected and trusted members who other members turn for advice
and support
‫والدعم‬ ‫المشورة‬ ‫على‬ ‫للحصول‬ ‫اآلخرون‬ ‫األعضاء‬ ‫إليهم‬ ‫يلجأ‬ ‫والذين‬ ‫بهم‬ ‫والموثوق‬ ‫استئصالهم‬ ‫تم‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫األعضاء‬ ‫هم‬ ‫الطبيعيون‬ ‫المساعدون‬

23. ABO TALAL
112 Which of the flowing strategies are seen frequently in urban and rural settings?
‫والريفية‬ ‫الحضرية‬ ‫المناطق‬ ‫في‬ ‫متكرر‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫إليها‬ ‫ينظر‬ ‫المتدفقة‬ ‫االستراتيجيات‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
natural helpers ‫الطبيعيون‬ ‫المساعدون‬
113 Natural helpers are given specialized training and are called?
‫وي‬ ‫متخصصا‬ ‫تدريبا‬ ‫الطبيعيين‬ ‫المساعدين‬ ‫إعطاء‬ ‫يتم‬
‫عليهم‬ ‫طلق‬
lay health advisor ‫العادي‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫المستشار‬
‫ملخص‬
Approaches to Chronic Disease Intervention Intrapersonal and Interpersonal level
‫الشخصي‬ ‫المستوى‬ ‫على‬ ‫المزمنة‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫في‬ ‫التدخل‬ ‫نهج‬
‫الداخلي‬
‫والشخصي‬
‫عالقات‬
Intrapersonal (Individual) Approaches Interpersonal Approaches
Health Belief Model ‫نموذج‬
‫االعتقاد‬
‫الصحي‬ HBM) Social Cognitive Theory ‫االجتماعية‬ ‫المعرفية‬ ‫النظرية‬
Transtheoretical Model and Stages of Change Family-Based Interventions ‫األسرية‬ ‫التدخالت‬
Theory of Planned Behavior TPB ‫نظرية‬
‫السلوك‬
‫المخطط‬ Friends and Social Networks ‫االجتماعية‬ ‫والشبكات‬ ‫األصدقاء‬
Health Locus of Control Model ‫التحكم‬ ‫لنموذج‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫الموضع‬ Social Support and Social Networks ‫االجتماعية‬ ‫والشبكات‬ ‫االجتماعي‬ ‫الدعم‬
Natural Helpers ‫المساعدون‬
‫الطبيعيون‬
Intrapersonal = ‫الشخص‬ ‫داخل‬
Interpersonal = ‫الشخص‬ ‫عالقات‬
114 Which of the interventions usually last for 5–60 minutes and consist of counseling and
education?
‫لمدة‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫تستمر‬ ‫التدخالت‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
5
-
60
‫من‬ ‫وتتكون‬ ‫دقيقة‬
‫والتعليم‬ ‫المشورة‬
Brief interventions ‫الموجزة‬ ‫التدخالت‬
115 Which one of the following are alternative to high cost visits?
‫التكلفة‬ ‫عالية‬ ‫للزيارات‬ ‫بديل‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Brief interventions ‫الموجزة‬ ‫التدخالت‬ = low cost alternative
116 Which one of the following characteristics of brief interventions?
‫الموجزة؟‬ ‫للمداخالت‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫الخصائص‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
 interaction is private
 Give information in the patient's own words
 Share information and provide options
 health professional’s role is nonjudgmental and no confrontational
 The patient’s decision whether or not to change is his or hers to make

24. ABO TALAL
• The interaction is private ‫خاص‬ ‫التفاعل‬
• The process often involves the patient giving a personal account in his or her own words
‫شخصي‬ ‫حساب‬ ‫بإعطاء‬ ‫المريض‬ ‫قيام‬ ‫العملية‬ ‫تتضمن‬ ‫ما‬ ‫غالبا‬
‫الخاصة‬ ‫بكلماته‬ .
• The process includes the provider sharing knowledge and talking about options, thereby offering the patient choices
‫المريض‬ ‫خيارات‬ ‫تقديم‬ ‫وبالتالي‬ ، ‫الخيارات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫والتحدث‬ ‫للمعرفة‬ ‫الخدمة‬ ‫مقدم‬ ‫مشاركة‬ ‫العملية‬ ‫تتضمن‬
• The health professional’s role is nonjudgmental and no confrontational
‫تصادمي‬ ‫وال‬ ‫قضائي‬ ‫غير‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫األخصائي‬ ‫دور‬
• The patient’s decision whether or not to change is his or hers to make
‫اتخاذه‬ ‫أو‬ ‫قراره‬ ‫هو‬ ‫عدمه‬ ‫من‬ ‫التغيير‬ ‫بشأن‬ ‫المريض‬ ‫قرار‬
117 Which one of the following are excellent venues for primary and secondary prevention?
‫والثانوية‬ ‫األولية‬ ‫للوقاية‬ ‫ممتازة‬ ‫أماكن‬ ‫هي‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Schools
118 Why was focused in the schools on Prevention research?
‫الوقاية؟‬ ‫أبحاث‬ ‫على‬ ‫المدارس‬ ‫في‬ ‫التركيز‬ ‫تم‬ ‫لماذا‬
Youth are a spirited, receptive audience for prevention messages
‫الوقاية‬ ‫لرسائل‬ ‫ومتقبل‬ ‫بالحيوية‬ ‫مفعم‬ ‫جمهور‬ ‫الشباب‬
119 Which one of the following are is an excellent venue for health promotion interventions?
‫الصحة؟‬ ‫تعزيز‬ ‫لتدخالت‬ ‫ممتاز‬ ‫مكان‬ ‫هو‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Workplace = Work Sites
120 workplace interventions prevent and control chronic disease, which of the following is NOT
considered a benefit that can be garnered from this program?
‫البرنامج؟‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫من‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫الحصول‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫فائدة‬ ‫يعتبر‬ ‫ال‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫فيها‬ ‫وتتحكم‬ ‫المزمنة‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫تمنع‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫مكان‬ ‫في‬ ‫التدخالت‬
Increased free time among employees ‫الموظفين‬ ‫بين‬ ‫الفراغ‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫زيادة‬
121 What are the numerous benefits that can be garnered through workplace interventions to
prevent and control chronic diseases?' ‫شورت‬
‫التدخالت‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫الحصول‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫التي‬ ‫العديدة‬ ‫الفوائد‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
‫ومكافحتها؟‬ ‫المزمنة‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫من‬ ‫للوقاية‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫مكان‬ ‫في‬
1. Improved productivity ‫اإلنتاجية‬ ‫تحسين‬
2. Reduced absences ‫الغياب‬ ‫تقليل‬
3. Reduced health risks/health care costs ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫تكاليف‬/‫الصحية‬ ‫المخاطر‬ ‫تقليل‬
4. Improved company image ‫للشركة‬ ‫محسنة‬ ‫صورة‬

25. ABO TALAL
122 What chronic diseases can do in the workplace?
‫العمل‬ ‫مكان‬ ‫في‬ ‫المزمنة‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫تفعله‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫ما‬
employee absence, insurance costs ‫التأمين‬ ‫وتكاليف‬ ‫الموظف‬ ‫غياب‬
123 Which one of the following refer to a group bounded geographically (a neighborhood, city, or
other place) or one that shares special social ties?
‫خاصة‬ ‫اجتماعية‬ ‫روابط‬ ‫في‬ ‫تشترك‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫أو‬ )‫آخر‬ ‫مكان‬ ‫أو‬ ‫مدينة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫(حي‬ ‫جغرافيا‬ ‫محددة‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Community
124 Intervention strategies should be selected based on Which one of the following?
‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬ ‫على‬ ‫بناء‬ ‫التدخل‬ ‫استراتيجيات‬ ‫اختيار‬ ‫يجب‬
needs and priorities of the specific population ‫المحددين‬ ‫السكان‬ ‫وأولويات‬ ‫احتياجات‬
125 Which one of the following refer seen today in suicide prevention, and lead poisoning?
‫من‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫في‬ ‫اليوم‬ ‫شوهد‬ ‫ما‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
،‫االنتحار‬
‫بالرصاص‬ ‫والتسمم‬
Media advocacy= Mass media ‫اإلعالم‬ ‫وسائل‬ = ‫اإلعالمية‬ ‫الدعوة‬
126 How many Community-Level Health Planning Approaches? And what are?
‫المحلي؟‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫على‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫التخطيط‬ ‫مناهج‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫كم‬
‫هي؟‬ ‫وما‬
7
1.Plan the process. ‫للعملية‬ ‫خطط‬
2.Plan with people. ‫الناس‬ ‫مع‬ ‫خطط‬.
3.Plan with data. ‫البيانات‬ ‫مع‬ ‫التخطيط‬.
4.Plan for institutionalization. ‫المؤسسي‬ ‫لإليداع‬ ‫خطة‬.
5.Plan for priorities. ‫لألولويات‬ ‫التخطيط‬.
6.Plan for measurable short- and long-term outcomes. ‫والطويل‬ ‫القصير‬ ‫المدى‬ ‫على‬ ‫للقياس‬ ‫قابلة‬ ‫لنتائج‬ ‫التخطيط‬.
7.Plan for evaluation. ‫للتقييم‬ ‫خطة‬.
127 what is the first of community level health planning?
‫المجتمع؟‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫على‬ ‫صحي‬ ‫تخطيط‬ ‫أول‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ما‬
Process planning= Plan the process. ‫للعملية‬ ‫خطط‬
128 what is the last of community level health planning?
‫المحلي؟‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫على‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫التخطيط‬ ‫آخر‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ما‬
Plan for evaluation ‫للتقييم‬ ‫خطة‬

26. ABO TALAL
129 Which Examples of Community-Level Health Planning Approaches that Planning, implementing,
and evaluating chronic disease interventions takes time and resources.
‫ت‬ ‫وتقييم‬ ‫وتنفيذ‬ ‫تخطيط‬ ‫يستغرق‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المحلي‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫على‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫التخطيط‬ ‫نهج‬ ‫على‬ ‫األمثلة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
‫األمراض‬ ‫دخالت‬
‫وموارد‬ ‫وقتا‬ ‫المزمنة‬.
a. Plan the process.
b. Plan with people
c. Plan with data
d. Plan for institutionalization
 Plan the process = takes time and resources ‫وموارد‬ ‫وقتا‬ ‫يستغرق‬ = ‫العملية‬ ‫تخطيط‬
130 Which Examples of Community-Level Health Planning Approaches that Involving community
members will increase the likelihood that needs are met, trust is established
‫احتما‬ ‫من‬ ‫تزيد‬ ‫أن‬ ‫شأنها‬ ‫من‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المحلي‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫على‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫التخطيط‬ ‫نهج‬ ‫على‬ ‫األمثلة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
‫تلبية‬ ‫ل‬
،‫االحتياجات‬
‫يتم‬
‫الثقة‬ ‫تأسيس‬
a. Plan the process.
b. Plan with people
c. Plan with data
d. Plan for institutionalization
131 Which one of the following principles of public health intervention program planning, demand
involving community members to meet needs and creates trust and a sense of ownership?
‫الصحة‬ ‫مجال‬ ‫في‬ ‫التدخل‬ ‫برنامج‬ ‫لتخطيط‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫المبادئ‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
،‫العامة‬
‫ويخلق‬ ‫االحتياجات‬ ‫لتلبية‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫أفراد‬ ‫بإشراك‬ ‫يطالب‬
‫بالملكية؟‬ ‫والشعور‬ ‫الثقة‬
a. plan with people
b. Plan for institutionalization.
c. Plan the process
d. Plan for priorities
plan with people= involving community members + creates trust
‫الثقة‬ ‫يخلق‬ + ‫المجتمع‬ ‫أفراد‬ ‫إشراك‬ = ‫الناس‬ ‫مع‬ ‫التخطيط‬
132 Which Examples of Community-Level Health Planning Approaches that Data regarding real and
perceived needs of the community must drive the planning process
‫الحقيقية‬ ‫باالحتياجات‬ ‫المتعلقة‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫تقود‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المحلي‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫على‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫التخطيط‬ ‫نهج‬ ‫على‬ ‫األمثلة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
‫التخطيط‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫المحلي‬ ‫للمجتمع‬ ‫والمتصورة‬
a. Plan the process.
b. Plan with people
c. Plan with data
d. Plan for institutionalization
e. Plan for priorities
Plan with data = Data regarding real and perceived needs of the community
‫للمجتمع‬ ‫والمتصورة‬ ‫الحقيقية‬ ‫باالحتياجات‬ ‫المتعلقة‬ ‫البيانات‬ = ‫البيانات‬ ‫باستخدام‬ ‫التخطيط‬

27. ABO TALAL
133 Which Examples of Community-Level Health Planning Approaches that Due to the nature of
chronic diseases, programs should be planned for ongoing implementation and evaluation?
‫األ‬ ‫لطبيعة‬ ‫نظرا‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المحلي‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫على‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫التخطيط‬ ‫نهج‬ ‫على‬ ‫األمثلة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
‫التخطيط‬ ‫يجب‬ ، ‫المزمنة‬ ‫مراض‬
‫المستمرين‬ ‫والتقييم‬ ‫للتنفيذ‬ ‫للبرامج‬
a. Plan the process.
b. Plan with people
c. Plan with data
d. Plan for institutionalization
Plan for institutionalization = ongoing implementation and evaluation +coalitions should engage
‫إضفاء‬ ‫خطة‬
‫التحالفات‬ ‫تشارك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ينبغي‬ + ‫المستمرين‬ ‫والتقييم‬ ‫التنفيذ‬ = ‫المؤسسي‬ ‫الطابع‬
134 Which Examples of Community-Level Health Planning Approaches that Based upon the data
representing real and perceived needs of the selected population, in addition to available
resources?
‫الحقيقية‬ ‫االحتياجات‬ ‫تمثل‬ ‫التي‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫تستند‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المحلي‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫على‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫التخطيط‬ ‫نهج‬ ‫على‬ ‫األمثلة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
‫المتاحة‬ ‫الموارد‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫باإلضافة‬ ، ‫المختارين‬ ‫للسكان‬ ‫والمتصورة‬
a. Plan the process.
b. Plan for evaluation
c. Plan with data
d. Plan for priorities
Plan for priorities = data representing real and perceived needs of the selected population+
available resources
‫المتاحة‬ ‫الموارد‬ + ‫المختارين‬ ‫للسكان‬ ‫والمتصورة‬ ‫الحقيقية‬ ‫االحتياجات‬ ‫تمثل‬ ‫التي‬ =‫األولويات‬ ‫بيانات‬ ‫تخطيط‬
135 Which Examples of Community-Level Health Planning Approaches that Goals and measurable
objectives must be developed. Establishing measurable objectives will facilitate the evaluation
plan?
‫ي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المحلي‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫على‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫التخطيط‬ ‫نهج‬ ‫على‬ ‫األمثلة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
‫إن‬ .‫للقياس‬ ‫القابلة‬ ‫واألهداف‬ ‫األهداف‬ ‫تطوير‬ ‫جب‬
‫التقييم‬ ‫خطة‬ ‫ييسر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫شأنه‬ ‫من‬ ‫للقياس‬ ‫قابلة‬ ‫أهداف‬ ‫وضع‬
a. Plan the process.
b. Plan for evaluation
c. Plan with data
d. Plan for measurable short- and long-term outcomes

28. ABO TALAL
136 Which Examples of Community-Level Health Planning Approaches that Evaluation should be
built into the stages of program design and implementation?
‫البرنامج‬ ‫تصميم‬ ‫مراحل‬ ‫في‬ ‫التقييم‬ ‫يدمج‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ينبغي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المحلي‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫على‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫التخطيط‬ ‫نهج‬ ‫أمثلة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
‫وتنفيذه‬
a. Plan the process.
b. Plan for evaluation
c. Plan with data
d. Plan for priorities
137 What are the five critical elements ensuring the program planning success?
‫البرنامج‬ ‫تخطيط‬ ‫نجاح‬ ‫تضمن‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الحاسمة‬ ‫الخمسة‬ ‫العناصر‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
1. Mobilizing the community
2. Collecting and organizing data
3. Choosing health priorities
4. Developing a comprehensive intervention plan
5. Evaluating PATCH
138 Which one of the following acronym CBPM?
‫التالي‬ ‫االختصار‬ ‫من‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫أي‬ CBPM
Community-Based Prevention Marketing ‫المجتمعي‬ ‫الوقائي‬ ‫التسويق‬
139What is the first stage of Community-Based Prevention Marketing?
a. Selection behavior/audiences
D. Mobilizing the community
c. Developing a community profile
d. Program development
140 what are the steps Community-Based Prevention Marketing?
‫المجتمعي؟‬ ‫الوقائي‬ ‫التسويق‬ ‫خطوات‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
1. Mobilizing the community ‫المجتمع‬ ‫تعبئة‬
2. Developing a community profile.‫مجتمعي‬ ‫تعريف‬ ‫ملف‬ ‫تطوير‬
3. Selecting the target behavior and audiences. ‫والجماهير‬ ‫المستهدف‬ ‫السلوك‬ ‫اختيار‬
4. Conducting formative research ‫التكوينية‬ ‫البحوث‬ ‫إجراء‬
5. Developing strategy. ‫االستراتيجية‬ ‫تطوير‬
6. Developing the program. ‫البرنامج‬ ‫تطوير‬
7. Implementing the program. ‫البرنامج‬ ‫تنفيذ‬
8. Tracking and evaluation ‫والتقييم‬ ‫التتبع‬ .

29. ABO TALAL
Ch 4
141 How many types of information systems exist in the United States that routinely provide data
for surveillance?
‫للمراقبة؟‬ ‫بيانات‬ ‫روتيني‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫توفر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المتحدة‬ ‫الواليات‬ ‫في‬ ‫الموجودة‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫نظم‬ ‫أنواع‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫كم‬
7 types
1 notifiable diseases ‫األمراض‬
‫عنها‬ ‫اإلبالغ‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫التي‬
2 vital statistics ‫الحيوية‬ ‫اإلحصاءات‬
3 sentinel surveillance ‫الخافرة‬ ‫الترصد‬
4 registries ‫سجالت‬
5 health surveys ‫الصحية‬ ‫المسوح‬
6 administrative data collection systems ‫اإلدارية‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫نظم‬
7 and the U.S. census ‫المتحدة‬ ‫الواليات‬ ‫في‬ ‫السكاني‬ ‫والتعداد‬
142 Which of the following describe the list of primarily infectious diseases and some
noncommunicable diseases that is modified on a yearly basis?
‫سنوي؟‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫على‬ ‫تعديلها‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫السارية‬ ‫غير‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫وبعض‬ ‫األول‬ ‫المقام‬ ‫في‬ ‫المعدية‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫قائمة‬ ‫يصف‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
A. Notifiable disease Systems ‫عنها‬ ‫اإلبالغ‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫التي‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫نظم‬
B. Vital Statistic System
C. Mortality Registers
D. Health survey
143 which of the following is the first behaviors that had been added to the list of notifiable
disease?
‫إلى‬ ‫إضافتها‬ ‫تمت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫األولى‬ ‫السلوكيات‬ ‫هو‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫عنها؟‬ ‫اإلبالغ‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫التي‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫قائمة‬
Cigarette-smoking
144 Which one of the following the first behavior on the list included by the Council of State and
Territorial Epidemiologists in 1996?
‫الدولة‬ ‫مجلس‬ ‫أدرجها‬ ‫التي‬ ‫القائمة‬ ‫في‬ ‫التالي‬ ‫األول‬ ‫السلوك‬ ‫من‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫أي‬
‫عام‬ ‫في‬ ‫اإلقليميين‬ ‫األوبئة‬ ‫وعلماء‬
1996
‫؟‬
A. Smoking
B. Nutrition
C. Obesity

30. ABO TALAL
D. Physical Activity
CSTE: Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists
145 What is the limitation of vital statistics? ‫الحيوية؟‬ ‫اإلحصاءات‬ ‫على‬ ‫المفروضة‬ ‫القيود‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
A. . Expensive
B. lack of clinical history + incomplete certificate ‫مكتملة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫شهادة‬ + ‫سريري‬ ‫تاريخ‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫عدم‬
C. . Unreliable
D. . Lack of death causes
146 Which one of the following an initial cornerstone of surveillance?
‫للمراقبة؟‬ ‫األولي‬ ‫الزاوية‬ ‫حجر‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫أي‬
vital statistics ‫الحيوي‬ ‫اإلحصاء‬
147 Which one of the following collected information from birth and death?
‫والوفاة‬ ‫الوالدة‬ ‫من‬ ‫جمعها‬ ‫تم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
vital statistics ‫الحيوي‬ ‫اإلحصاء‬
148 Which one of the following are used to list immediate causes of death and a string of events
that caused death (underlying cause)?
‫الكامن)؟‬ ‫(السبب‬ ‫الوفاة‬ ‫في‬ ‫تسببت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫األحداث‬ ‫من‬ ‫وسلسلة‬ ‫للوفاة‬ ‫المباشرة‬ ‫األسباب‬ ‫لسرد‬ ‫يستخدم‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Death certificates
149 Which one of the following certificates are used to list immediate causes of mortality?
‫للوفيات؟‬ ‫المباشرة‬ ‫األسباب‬ ‫لسرد‬ ‫المستخدمة‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫الشهادات‬ ‫إحدى‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
Death certificates ex Vital statistics
150 encompasses a wide range of activities that focus on key health indicators in the population
and This type of surveillance lends itself well to communicable disease issues, such as monitoring
the spread of influenza-like illness?
‫الترصد‬ ‫من‬ ‫النوع‬ ‫وهذا‬ ،‫السكان‬ ‫لدى‬ ‫الرئيسية‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫المؤشرات‬ ‫على‬ ‫تركز‬ ‫التي‬ ‫األنشطة‬ ‫من‬ ‫واسعة‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫يشمل‬
‫يفسح‬
‫باألنفلونزا‬ ‫الشبيهة‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫انتشار‬ ‫رصد‬ ‫مثل‬ ،‫المعدية‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫لقضايا‬ ‫جيد‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫المجال‬.
a) Sentinel Surveillance ‫الخافرة‬ ‫الترصد‬
b) Vital Statistics
c) Notifiable Disease Systems
d) health surveys

31. ABO TALAL
151Which of the following is the most common type of disease registries in chronic disease
surveillance?
‫المزمنة؟‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫مراقبة‬ ‫في‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫سجالت‬ ‫من‬ ‫شيوعا‬ ‫األكثر‬ ‫النوع‬ ‫هو‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
A. Cancer registry
B. Asthma registery
C. Diabetes registry
D. Heart diseases registry
152 which of the following is Used in monitoring trends?
‫االتجاهات؟‬ ‫رصد‬ ‫في‬ ‫يستخدم‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Disease Registries
153 which of the following is/are used to collect mortality data in the united states?
‫المتحدة؟‬ ‫الواليات‬ ‫في‬ ‫الوفيات‬ ‫بيانات‬ ‫لجمع‬ ‫يستخدم‬/‫يستخدم‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
The vital registration system‫الحيوي‬ ‫التسجيل‬ ‫نظام‬
154 which of the following is types Chronic Disease Registries?
‫المزمنة؟‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫سجالت‬ ‫أنواع‬ ‫هو‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
 Hospital-based registries
 population-based registries
155 CDC has developed an ongoing telephone surveillance system called the Behavioral Risk
Factor Surveillance System?
‫السلوكية‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫مراقبة‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫يسمى‬ ‫الهاتفية‬ ‫للمراقبة‬ ‫مستمرا‬ ‫نظاما‬ ‫منها‬ ‫والوقاية‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫على‬ ‫السيطرة‬ ‫مراكز‬ ‫طورت‬
a) Sentinel Surveillance
b) Vital Statistics
c) Notifiable Disease Systems
d) health surveys ‫الصحية‬ ‫المسوحات‬
156 which of the following Implemented when collecting information from self-reported health
practices (general pop)?
‫العام)؟‬ ‫(البوب‬ ‫ذاتيا‬ ‫عنها‬ ‫المبلغ‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الممارسات‬ ‫من‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫عند‬ ‫تنفيذه‬ ‫تم‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
health surveys
157 which of the following are collected Primarily hospital discharge data?
‫المستشفى‬ ‫من‬ ‫الخروج‬ ‫بيانات‬ ‫األول‬ ‫المقام‬ ‫في‬ ‫جمعه‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Administrative Data Collection Systems ‫اإلدارية‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫نظم‬

32. ABO TALAL
158 What are the Limitations of Administrative Data Collection Systems?
‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
‫اإلدارية؟‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫أنظمة‬ ‫على‬ ‫المفروضة‬ ‫القيود‬
 incomplete records
 missing variables
 measurement errors
 focus on hospital setting, not outpatient care
‫الخارجيين‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫رعاية‬ ‫وليس‬ ،‫المستشفى‬ ‫إعداد‬ ‫على‬ ‫التركيز‬
159 Which of the following refers to the collected detailed information on individual and
household about the entire population every 10 years?
‫كل‬ ‫السكان‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫عن‬ ‫واألسرة‬ ‫الفرد‬ ‫عن‬ ‫جمعها‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫التفصيلية‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يشير‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
10
‫سنوات؟‬
A. Census Data
B. Health survey
C. Place analysis
D. Statistics analysis
160 Which one of the following is every 10 years, the US administration collects data on
populations which?
‫كل‬ ‫هو‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫أي‬
10
‫التي؟‬ ‫السكان‬ ‫عن‬ ‫بيانات‬ ‫بجمع‬ ‫األمريكية‬ ‫اإلدارة‬ ‫تقوم‬ ، ‫سنوات‬
a. Statistic
b. Data
c. Individual Data
d. Census ‫التعداد‬
161 Which one of the following is limitations of the Census Data?
‫التعداد؟‬ ‫بيانات‬ ‫على‬ ‫قيودا‬ ‫يمثل‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
not include everyone
162 elements Data Analyses and Interpretation
‫وتفسيرها‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫تحليل‬ ‫عناصر‬
1. Person Analyses
2. Place Analyses
3. Time analyses

33. ABO TALAL
163 Descriptive studies begin by examining how the distribution of a disease or condition
varies in the population according to personal characteristics, such as age, race, or gender?
‫مثل‬ ، ‫الشخصية‬ ‫للخصائص‬ ‫وفقا‬ ‫السكان‬ ‫بين‬ ‫الحالة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المرض‬ ‫توزيع‬ ‫اختالف‬ ‫كيفية‬ ‫بدراسة‬ ‫الوصفية‬ ‫الدراسات‬ ‫تبدأ‬
‫الجنس‬ ‫أو‬ ‫العرق‬ ‫أو‬ ‫العمر‬.
A. Person Analyses ‫الشخصي‬ ‫التحليل‬
B. Vital Statistics
C. Notifiable Disease Systems
D. health surveys
164 analysis involves comparing the occurrence of a disease, condition, or risk factor
between one geographic region and another. Typically, the rate in a city or county is
compared with rates for the rest of the state or the nation
‫في‬ ‫المعدل‬ ‫مقارنة‬ ‫تتم‬ ، ‫عادة‬ .‫وأخرى‬ ‫جغرافية‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫بين‬ ‫خطر‬ ‫عامل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫مرض‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫مقارنة‬ ‫التحليل‬ ‫يتضمن‬
‫األمة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الوالية‬ ‫لبقية‬ ‫معدالت‬ ‫مع‬ ‫مقاطعة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫مدينة‬
A. Person Analyses
B. Place Analyses
C. Notifiable Disease Systems
D. health surveys
165 Which one of the following Analyses is used in acute geographic areas that monitored
to avoid health risks specific to a very small area?
‫بمنطقة‬ ‫الخاصة‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫المخاطر‬ ‫لتجنب‬ ‫رصدها‬ ‫تم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الحادة‬ ‫الجغرافية‬ ‫المناطق‬ ‫في‬ ‫يستخدم‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫التحليالت‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
‫جدا؟‬ ‫صغيرة‬
Cluster analysis = Regional analyses
166 Which one of the following surveillance systems monitor the trends in occurrence of
chronic disease rates through utilizing the epidemic curve to detect outbreaks?
‫المزمنة‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫معدالت‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫في‬ ‫االتجاهات‬ ‫يرصد‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫الترصد‬ ‫أنظمة‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
‫الوبائي‬ ‫المنحنى‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬
‫الفاشيات؟‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للكشف‬
a. Person analyses
D. Time analyses
c. Place analyses
d. Epidemic analyses
Time analyses = Temporal trends, regional analysis ‫اإلقليمي‬ ‫التحليل‬ ،‫الزمنية‬ ‫االتجاهات‬ = ‫الوقت‬ ‫تحليالت‬

34. ABO TALAL
167 basic elements of a chronic disease surveillance system:
‫المزمنة‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫مراقبة‬ ‫لنظام‬ ‫األساسية‬ ‫العناصر‬:
(1) data sources,‫البيانات‬ ‫مصادر‬
(2) analysis and interpretation,‫والتفسير‬ ‫التحليل‬
(3) dissemination ‫النشر‬
168 What are the steps in chronic disease surveillance? Epidemiologic Process
‫المزمنة؟‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫مراقبة‬ ‫خطوات‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
1. Data Collection
2. Data Analysis
3. Data Interpretation
4. Information Dissemination
169 What are the steps Program Process?
‫البرنامج‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫خطوات‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
1. Define the Problem
2. Find Programs that Work
3. Evaluate the Effect
Conceptual model for public health surveillance (epidemiologic process) and its link to the
program planning process.
‫البرامج‬ ‫تخطيط‬ ‫بعملية‬ ‫وارتباطه‬ )‫الوبائية‬ ‫(العملية‬ ‫العمومية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫لمراقبة‬ ‫المفاهيمي‬ ‫النموذج‬.
170 which is the following is the final step in chronic disease surveillance?
‫المزمنة‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫ترصد‬ ‫في‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫الخطوة‬ ‫وهي‬
a) Person Analyses
b) Place Analyses
c) Data Dissemination ‫النشر‬ Information Dissemination
d) health surveys
171 which is the following is the first step in chronic disease surveillance?
‫المزمنة‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫مراقبة‬ ‫في‬ ‫األولى‬ ‫الخطوة‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫وهو‬
Data Collection (data sources)

35. ABO TALAL
172 which of the following the final step in disease monitoring? disease surveillance
‫المرض؟‬ ‫رصد‬ ‫في‬ ‫األخيرة‬ ‫الخطوة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫الخطوات‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
a) Person Analyses
b) Place Analyses
c) Data Dissemination =Information Dissemination
d) health surveys
173 Which of the following is the final step in chronic disease surveillance?
‫المزمنة؟‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫مراقبة‬ ‫في‬ ‫األخيرة‬ ‫الخطوة‬ ‫يمثل‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
A. Information Dissemination ‫المعلومات‬ ‫نشر‬
B. Data analysis 2
C. Data collection 1
D. Data interpretation 3
174 Which of the following surveillance steps composed documents with technical
language and with little linkage to public health promotion?
‫لغة‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫وثائق‬ ‫من‬ ‫تتألف‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫المراقبة‬ ‫خطوات‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
‫العمومية؟‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫بتعزيز‬ ‫ضئيلة‬ ‫وصلة‬ ‫تقنية‬
a. Describe persons
b. Data collection
c. Data dissemination
d. Data analysis
175 Which one of the following is step in data analysis during disseminating health and
surveillance information?
‫والترصدية؟‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫نشر‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫تحليل‬ ‫في‬ ‫خطوة‬ ‫هو‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
A. Establish the message ‫الرسالة‬ ‫وضع‬
B. Setting criteria
C. Implement the intervention
D. Select the place

36. ABO TALAL
176 What are steps in data analysis during disseminating health and surveillance
information?
‫والترصدية؟‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫نشر‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫تحليل‬ ‫خطوات‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
 Establish the message ‫الرسالة‬ ‫وضع‬
 set an objective ‫هدفا‬ ‫حدد‬
 define the audience ‫الجمهور‬ ‫تحديد‬
 select the channel ‫القناة‬ ‫حدد‬
 evaluate the impact. ‫تقييم‬
‫األثر‬
177 Which one of the following is the most important step in disseminating health and
surveillance information?
‫والترصدية؟‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫نشر‬ ‫في‬ ‫أهمية‬ ‫األكثر‬ ‫الخطوة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫خطوة‬ ‫أي‬
a. Select the Channel
b. Setting an objective
c. Establish the Message
d. Define the Audience
An important adage in marketing the message is “less is more.”
‫األكثر‬ ‫هو‬ ‫"األقل‬ ‫هو‬ ‫الرسالة‬ ‫تسويق‬ ‫في‬ ‫مهم‬ ‫مأثور‬ ‫قول‬ ‫"هناك‬.
Establish the Message =Question What should be said? Main points must be easy to understand
= ‫الرسالة‬ ‫إنشاء‬
‫الفهم‬ ‫سهلة‬ ‫الرئيسية‬ ‫النقاط‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫يقال؟‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫ماذا‬ ‫سؤال‬
178 What is the goal of epidemiologist? ‫األوبئة‬ ‫عالم‬ ‫هدف‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ما‬
establish an objective for a piece of writing
‫الكتابة‬ ‫من‬ ‫لقطعة‬ ‫هدف‬ ‫تحديد‬
179 Which one of the following asked about communication objective?
‫االتصال‬ ‫هدف‬ ‫عن‬ ‫سأل‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Set an Objective
180 What the second step in disseminating health and surveillance information?
‫والترصدية؟‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫نشر‬ ‫في‬ ‫الثانية‬ ‫الخطوة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
Set an Objective
181 What the third step in disseminating health and surveillance information?
‫والترصدية؟‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫نشر‬ ‫في‬ ‫الثالثة‬ ‫الخطوة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
Define the Audience

37. ABO TALAL
182 Which one of the following is the method or medium that an epidemiologist “channels” his or
her work?
‫التي‬ ‫الوسيلة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الطريقة‬ ‫هو‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫عمله‬ ‫األوبئة‬ ‫عالم‬ "‫"يوجهها‬
Select the Channel
183 What the final step in disseminating health and surveillance information?
‫والترصدية‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫نشر‬ ‫في‬ ‫األخيرة‬ ‫الخطوة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬
Evaluate the impact
Chapter 5:
184 Which of the following disease not related to smoking?
‫بالتدخين؟‬ ‫لها‬ ‫عالقة‬ ‫ال‬ ‫اآلتية‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
a. Breast cancer
b. kidney tumors
c. Lung cancer Cancers
d. Myeloid leukemia
185 Which one of the following can cause chronic respiratory diseases?
‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
‫المزمنة؟‬ ‫التنفسي‬ ‫الجهاز‬ ‫أمراض‬ ‫يسبب‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫يلي‬
a. Food contaminated
b. Water contaminated
c. Cigarette smoking
d. Physical activities
186 What is COPD stand for?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

38. ABO TALAL
187 Which one of the following reproductive disorders that can causing by smoking?
‫التدخين؟‬ ‫تسببها‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫التي‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫التناسلية‬ ‫االضطرابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
a. Low birthweight = reproductive disorders a. ‫التناسلية‬ ‫االضطرابات‬ = ‫الوالدة‬ ‫عند‬ ‫الوزن‬ ‫انخفاض‬
b. Cerebrovascular disease = Cardiovascular diseases
c. Acute myeloid leukemia = Cancers
d. Reduced lung function in infants ‫الرضع‬ ‫عند‬ ‫الرئة‬ ‫وظائف‬ ‫انخفاض‬ = Respiratory problems
Which one of the following Respiratory problems that can causing by smoking?
a. Low birthweight = reproductive disorders
b. Cerebrovascular disease = Cardiovascular diseases
c. Acute myeloid leukemia = Cancers
d. Reduced lung function in infants ‫الرضع‬ ‫عند‬ ‫الرئة‬ ‫وظائف‬ ‫انخفاض‬ = Respiratory problems
188 which of the following is an adverse effect of smoking in infants’ health?
‫الرضع؟‬ ‫صحة‬ ‫على‬ ‫للتدخين‬ ‫سلبي‬ ‫تأثير‬ ‫هو‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
Sudden infant death syndrome ‫المفاجئ‬ ‫الرضع‬ ‫موت‬ ‫متالزمة‬
189 What is SIDS stand for?
Sudden infant death syndrome
Diseases related smoking ‫التدخين‬ ‫المرتبطة‬ ‫األمراض‬
Cardiovascular diseases Cancers Respiratory problems Reproductive disorders Other diseases
– coronary heart disease
(CHD),
– atherosclerosis,
– abdominal aortic aneurysm,
– and cerebrovascular disease
‫التاجية‬ ‫القلب‬ ‫أمراض‬ (CHD) ،
‫األوعية‬ ‫وتمدد‬ ،‫الشرايين‬ ‫وتصلب‬
‫واألمراض‬ ،‫البطني‬ ‫األبهري‬ ‫الدموية‬
‫الدماغية‬
‫الوعائية‬
– lip, mouth, pharynx,
esophagus, stomach,
pancreas, larynx,
trachea, lung, cervix,
kidney, bladder,
‫والمريء‬ ‫والبلعوم‬ ‫والفم‬ ‫الشفة‬
‫والحنجرة‬ ‫والبنكرياس‬ ‫والمعدة‬
‫وعنق‬ ‫والرئة‬ ‫الهوائية‬ ‫والقصبة‬
، ‫والمثانة‬ ‫والكلى‬ ‫الرحم‬
– acute myeloid
leukemia
‫الن‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫سرطان‬
‫الحاد‬ ‫خاعي‬
chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease
(COPD)
pneumonia
reduced lung function
in infants
impaired lung growth
asthma
decline in lung
function
– reduced fertility
– fetal death
– stillbirth
– low birthweight
– pregnancy
complications
SIDS ―Sudden infant
death syndrome
Cataracts
slow wound healing
Low bone density
peptic ulcer disease
in persons who are
Helicobacter pylori–
positive
190 What is SLT stand for
smokeless tobacco ‫الدخان‬ ‫عديم‬ ‫التبغ‬

39. ABO TALAL
191 Which one of the following describes the effect of smoking on the ability of blood to
deliver oxygen?
‫األكسجين؟‬ ‫توصيل‬ ‫على‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫قدرة‬ ‫على‬ ‫التدخين‬ ‫تأثير‬ ‫يصف‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أي‬
a. The ability of blood to deliver oxygen is reduced. ‫األكسجين‬ ‫توصيل‬ ‫على‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫قدرة‬ ‫تقليل‬ ‫يتم‬.
b. The ability of blood to deliver oxygen is increased.
c. The ability of blood to deliver oxygen remains the same.
d. There is no effect of smoking on the ability of blood to deliver oxygen.
the capacity of the blood to deliver oxygen is reduced by
– increased carboxyhemoglobin,
– greater viscosity,
– higher coronary vascular resistance
192 . Which one of the following diseases is closely related to atherosclerosis?
. ‫الشرايين؟‬ ‫بتصلب‬ ‫وثيقا‬ ‫ارتباطا‬ ‫يرتبط‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫من‬ ‫أي‬
A. Cardiovascular
B. Obesity
C. Cancer
D. Diabetes
193 Which is the following are the two leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the
world?
‫العالم؟‬ ‫في‬ ‫والوفيات‬ ‫لالعتالل‬ ‫الرئيسيان‬ ‫السببان‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ما‬
a. type 2 diabetes = most rapidly growing and costly
b. cardiovascular disease and cancer +
c. noncommunicable disease
d. chronic disease
194 Which is the following is emerging as one of the most rapidly growing and costly?
‫وتكلفة‬ ‫نموا‬ ‫أسرع‬ ‫من‬ ‫كواحد‬ ‫يبرز‬ ‫يلي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫وهو‬
type 2 diabetes