Unani system of Medicine and its role in current science and pharmacognosy, its principles, treatment and diagnosis strategies, history, recent approaches

1. Role of Pharmacognosy in
Various Systems of Medicine
Ashish Singhai
Positive Thoughts and Positive Deeds develops a
natural System of Healing which potentiates the
power of Medicine from Natural Origin.
Ashish Singhai “Asambhav”
UNANI

2. INTRODUCTION
The Pharmacognosy plays an important role in linking between
the various systems of medicine and addressing the principles of
traditional and various systems of medicine in the purview of
current science.
Systems of
Medicine
Ayurveda
Chinese
Unani Siddha
Homeopathy
Kampo
Aromatherapy
Naturopathy
Various Systems of Medicine

3. UNANI
Also called Unani-tibb, originated in Greece
foundation of Unani system was laid by Hippocrates
Developed by Arab and Persian physicians e.g. Rhazes (al- Razil),
Avicenna (ibn sena), Al-zahrawi and Ibn nafis
introduced in India by the Arabs and Persians sometime around the
eleventh century
It has the largest number of Unani educational, research and health care
institutions.
It covered various aspects from the contemporary systems of traditional medicines in Egypt,
Syria, Iraq, Persia, India, China and other Middle East countries.
It was mainly Sharifi family in Delhi, the Azizi family in Lucknow and the Nizam of Hyderabad
due to whose efforts Unani Medicine survived during the British period.
Hakim Ajmal Khan, was a renowned physician-established an Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia
College and Hindustani Dawakhana a pharmaceutical company for manufacturing of
Ayurvedic and Unani medicine in Delhi in 1916.
Today the Unani system of medicine with its recognized practitioners, hospitals and
educational and research institutions, forms an integral part of the national health care
delivery system.

4. Four Humors- Fundamental principle
UNANI
THEORY AND PRINCIPLES
BULGHAM
SAFRA
DAM
SAUDA

5. •Arkan (Elements)
Mizaj (Temperament)
•Akhlat (Humors)
•Aaza (Organs)
•Arwah (Spirits)
•Quwa (Faculties)
UNANI
Tabb is the science of which we learn the various states of body, in health and
when not in health, and the means by which health is likely to be lost and, when
lost, is likely to be restored.
Abnormality in humor leads to disease
•Afaal (Functions)

6. UNANI
DIAGNOSIS
By Hakims unani physicians follow a process of questioning; is dependent
on observation and physical examination. Any illness of a person is to be regarded as a product
of:
•The stuff and material he is made of ;
•The kind of temperament, structure and strength of faculties he has;
Health
Health refers to that state of human body when all the functions of the body are carried out
normally. Disease is the opposite of health in which one or more functions or forms of the
body organs are at fault.
•The type of factors operating on him from outside; and
•Natures own attempt to maintain his physical functions and to ward off disruptions to
the extent possible.
•Pulse (Nabz) reading and examination of urine and stool.

7. UNANI
PREVENTION
• Good and Clean air is necessary
AIR
• Fresh food free from putrefaction
Food and Drinks
• Maintaining good health
Bodily Movement and
response
• Impact on psychological health
Psychic movement and
response
• Provide physical and mental health
Sleep and wakefulness
• Proper and normal functioning of excretory process
Evacuation and
Retention

8. UNANI
TREATMENT
TREATMENT
Regimental therapy
(Ilaj-bil-Tadbir)
Pharnacotherapy
(Ilaj-bil-Dawa)
Dieto therapy (Ilaj-
bil-Ghiza)
Surgery (Ilaj-bil-Yad
)
Involves either to eliminate cause Izalae sabab normalize tadeele akhlat or to normalize
humors tadeele akhlat or to normalize tissues or organs tadeele aza

9. UNANI
TREATMENT
Exercise (Riyazat)
Leeching Taleeq-e-
Alaq)
Venesectio (Fasd)
Cupping (Al-hijama)
Counter irritation
Cauterization (Amal-e-
Kae)
Purging (Ishal)
Vomiting (Qai)
SWEATING (Tareeq)
Diuresis (Idrar-e-baul)
Turkish bath (Hamam)
Massage (Dalk,
Malish)
Regimental therapy (Ilaj-bil-Tadbir)

10. UNANI
TREATMENT
Dieto therapy (Ilaj-bil-Ghiza)
By regulating the quality and quantity of food
Pharnacotherapy (Ilaj-bil-Dawa)
use of naturally occurring drugs, mostly herbal. Drugs are used in the form of
powders, decoctions, infusion, Jawarish, Majoon, Khamira, Syrup and tablets
etc. The system has set rules for prescribing alternative drugs.
Surgery (Ilaj-bil-Yad )
At present only minor surgery is in use in the system.
Various formulations include bases e.g. aab leemun lemon juice, sat leemun lemon
extract or shibb- e-yamani alum etc. Formulations are majun, itrifal (triphala), laboob,
tiryaqat, mufarreh, yaqooti (ruby containing)

11. UNANI
PHARMACOPOEIA
Five parts of National Formulary for Unani Medicine
(N.F.U.M) containing 1091 formulations and six
Volumes of Unani Pharmacopoeia of India (U.P.I)
containing 298 monographs on single drugs of origin
and Unani Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-II, Vol. I
consisting of 50 compound formulations has been
published .

12. CONCLUSION
In India manufacturing of Unani Drugs is governed by Drugs and Cosmetics Act
1940, and rules there under as amended from time to time.Various diseases can be
treated by exploring its strategies collabratively with current medicines in human
beings.
 The Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine started functioning
independently as an autonomous organization of the Ministry of Health and family
Welfare, Government of India w.e.f. January 1979
Unani system of medicine is quite popular among the masses.
Postgraduate educations and research facilities are available in the subjects of
Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), Moalijat(Medicine), Kulliyat (Basic Principles), Hifzan-e-
Sehat (Hygeine), Jarrahiyat (Surgery),Tahafuzi wa Samaji Tibb, Amraz-e-Atfal and
Qabala-wa-Amraz-e-Niswan (Gynaecology).

13. REFERENCES
● http://ayush.gov.in/about-the-systems/unani/drug-control
● Deore SL et al, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry: A Comprehensive
approach, Pharmed Press, 2014, 7-9.
● Kokate et al, Pharmacognosy, Nirali prakashan

14. THANK YOU