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Unani
Dr.U.Srinivasa,D.Pharm., M.Pharm., M.Phil.,Ph.D
• The Unani System of Medicine has a long and
impressive record in India.
• It was introduced in India by the Arabs and
Persians sometime around the eleventh
century.
• Today, India is one of the leading countries in
so for as the practice of Unani medicine is
concerned.
• It has the largest number of Unani
educational, research and health care
institutions.
Origin & Development of Unani System
• Unani system originated in Greece
• Hakim Ajmal Khan IS UNANI physician but
also one of the foremost freedom fighters in the
country. He established an Ayurvedic and
Unani Tibbia College and Hindustani
Dawakhana – a pharmaceutical company –
for Ayurvedic and Unani medicine in Delhi in
• Today the Unani system of medicine with
hospitals and educational and research
institutions, forms an integral part of the
national health care delivery system.
• Principles & Concepts
• According to the basic principles of Unani the
body is made up of the four basic elements i.e
earth ,air, water, fire which have different
temperaments i.e. cold, hot, wet, dry. After
mixing and interaction of four elements a new
compound having new temperament existence.
i.e Hot wet, hot dry, cold wet, and cold and dry.
• The body has the simple and compound
organs which got their nourishment ( The
substances necessary for growth, health, and
good condition ) through four humours i.e.
blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile.
• The humour (put into a good mood) is also
assigned temperament as blood is hot and
wet, Phlegm is cold and hot, Yellow bile is
hot and dry and Black bile is cold and dry.
• Phlegm is cold and hot ( Thick, sticky, stringy
mucus secreted by the mucous membrane of
the respiratory tract, as during a cold or other
respiratory infection).
• Yellow bile is hot and dry (A yellow, or
greenish, viscid fluid, usually alkaline in
reaction, secreted by the liver. It passes into the
intestines, where it aids in the digestive)
• Black bile is cold and dry
• (a humor that was once believed to be
secreted by the kidneys or spleen and to
cause sadness)
• Unani medicine believes in promotion of
health, prevention of diseases and cure.
• Health of human is based on the six essentials
• Atmospheric air
• Physical activity and rest
• Drinks and foods
• Sleep and wakefulness
• Excretion and retention
• Mental activity and rest
• The human body is considered to be made
up of the following seven components are:
• i. Elements (Arkan)
• ii. Temperament (Mizaj)
• iii.Humors (Akhlat)
• iv. Organs (Aaza)
• v. Spirits (Arwah)
• vi. Faculties (Quwa)
• vii. Functions (Afaal)
Elements (Arkan)
• The human body contains four elements.
(earth ,air, water, fire)
• Each of the four elements has its own
temperament as follows:
• Element Temperament Air Hot and Moist
Earth Cold and Dry, Fire Hot and Dry, Water
Cold and Moist
Temperament (Mizaj)
• In the Unani system, the temperament of the
individual is very important as it is considered
to be unique. The individual’s temperament
is believed to be the result of the interaction
of these four elements.
Humors (Akhlat)
• Humours are those moist and fluid parts of the
body which are produced after transformation
and metabolism of the aliments; they serve the
function of nutrition, growth and repair; and
produce energy, for the preservation of
individual and his species.
• The humors are responsible for maintaining
moisture of different organs of the body and
also provide nutrition to the body.
Organs (Aaza)
• These are the various organs of the human
body. The health or disease of each
individual organ affects the state of health of
the whole body.
Spirits (Arwah)
• Ruh (Spirit) is a gaseous substance, obtained
from the inspired air, it helps in all the
metabolic activities of the body. It is the source
of vitality for all the organs of the body.
• These are considered to be the life force and
are, therefore, important in the diagnosis and
treatment of disease.
• These are the carriers of different powers,
which make the whole body system and its
parts functional.
Faculties (Quwa)
• These are of three kinds:
• Natural power (Quwa Tabiyah)
• Natural power is the power of metabolism and
reproduction. Liver is the seat of this power and
the process is carried on in every tissue of the
body. Metabolism is concerned with the
processes of nutrition and growth of human
• Nutrition comes from the food and is carried
to all parts of the body, while growth power
is responsible for the construction and growth
of human organism.
• Psychic power refers to nervous and psychic
power. It is located in side the brain and is
responsible for perceptive and motive power.
Perceptive power conveys impressions or
sensation and motive power brings about
movements as a response to sensation.
• Vital power (Quwa Haywaniyah)
• Vital power is responsible for maintaining life
and enables all the organs to accept the
effect of psychic power. This power is located
in the heart. It Keeps life running in the
tissues.
Functions (Afaal)
• This component refers to the movements and
functions of all the organs of the body.
• In case of a healthy body the various organs are
not only in proper shape but are also performing
their respective functions.
• This makes it necessary to have full knowledge
of the functions of the human body in full detail
Diagnosis
• The Diagnostic process in Unani system is
dependent on observation and physical
examination.
• Diagnosis involves investigating the causes of
disease thoroughly and in detail. For this, the
physicians depend mainly on pulse reading
and examination of urine and stool.
• The ten conditions of pulse observed during
the diagnosis are:
• i. Quantity
• ii. Force
• iii. Duration of movement
• iv. Condition of the vessel wall
• v. Volume
• vi. Duration of the rest period
• vii. Palpitation of the pulse
• viii. Equality and inequality
• ix. Balance of the pulse
• x. Rhythm
• Physical examination
• Is carried out by the diagnosis of urinogenital
disorders, pathogenesis of blood and other
humors, metabolic disorders and liver
diseases.
• The following observations of urine are made:
• Colour
• Consistency
• Clearness and turbidity
• Odour
• Foam or froth
• Precipitates
• Quantity
• The examination of stool, its colour, quantity,
consistency and the presence of foreign body help
very much in the diagnosis of various diseases.
• Besides the means of pulse reading and physical
examination of urine and stool, other conventional
means such as inspection, palpitation, percussion
and occultation are also used for diagnosis
purposes.
Strenght of Unani
• Unani system of Medicine has very
remarkable strength in the following
disorders:
• Skin disorders
• Digestive disorders
• Mental disorders
• Sexual disorders
• Gynecological disorders
• Neurological disorders

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Unani medicine, By Dr.U.Srinivasa, Professor and HOD, Srinivas college of pharmacy, Mangalore- Karnataka

  • 2. • The Unani System of Medicine has a long and impressive record in India. • It was introduced in India by the Arabs and Persians sometime around the eleventh century. • Today, India is one of the leading countries in so for as the practice of Unani medicine is concerned. • It has the largest number of Unani educational, research and health care institutions.
  • 3. Origin & Development of Unani System • Unani system originated in Greece • Hakim Ajmal Khan IS UNANI physician but also one of the foremost freedom fighters in the country. He established an Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College and Hindustani Dawakhana – a pharmaceutical company – for Ayurvedic and Unani medicine in Delhi in
  • 4. • Today the Unani system of medicine with hospitals and educational and research institutions, forms an integral part of the national health care delivery system.
  • 5. • Principles & Concepts • According to the basic principles of Unani the body is made up of the four basic elements i.e earth ,air, water, fire which have different temperaments i.e. cold, hot, wet, dry. After mixing and interaction of four elements a new compound having new temperament existence. i.e Hot wet, hot dry, cold wet, and cold and dry.
  • 6. • The body has the simple and compound organs which got their nourishment ( The substances necessary for growth, health, and good condition ) through four humours i.e. blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile.
  • 7. • The humour (put into a good mood) is also assigned temperament as blood is hot and wet, Phlegm is cold and hot, Yellow bile is hot and dry and Black bile is cold and dry.
  • 8. • Phlegm is cold and hot ( Thick, sticky, stringy mucus secreted by the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, as during a cold or other respiratory infection). • Yellow bile is hot and dry (A yellow, or greenish, viscid fluid, usually alkaline in reaction, secreted by the liver. It passes into the intestines, where it aids in the digestive)
  • 9. • Black bile is cold and dry • (a humor that was once believed to be secreted by the kidneys or spleen and to cause sadness)
  • 10. • Unani medicine believes in promotion of health, prevention of diseases and cure. • Health of human is based on the six essentials • Atmospheric air • Physical activity and rest • Drinks and foods • Sleep and wakefulness • Excretion and retention • Mental activity and rest
  • 11. • The human body is considered to be made up of the following seven components are: • i. Elements (Arkan) • ii. Temperament (Mizaj) • iii.Humors (Akhlat) • iv. Organs (Aaza) • v. Spirits (Arwah) • vi. Faculties (Quwa) • vii. Functions (Afaal)
  • 12. Elements (Arkan) • The human body contains four elements. (earth ,air, water, fire) • Each of the four elements has its own temperament as follows: • Element Temperament Air Hot and Moist Earth Cold and Dry, Fire Hot and Dry, Water Cold and Moist
  • 13. Temperament (Mizaj) • In the Unani system, the temperament of the individual is very important as it is considered to be unique. The individual’s temperament is believed to be the result of the interaction of these four elements.
  • 14. Humors (Akhlat) • Humours are those moist and fluid parts of the body which are produced after transformation and metabolism of the aliments; they serve the function of nutrition, growth and repair; and produce energy, for the preservation of individual and his species.
  • 15. • The humors are responsible for maintaining moisture of different organs of the body and also provide nutrition to the body.
  • 16. Organs (Aaza) • These are the various organs of the human body. The health or disease of each individual organ affects the state of health of the whole body.
  • 17. Spirits (Arwah) • Ruh (Spirit) is a gaseous substance, obtained from the inspired air, it helps in all the metabolic activities of the body. It is the source of vitality for all the organs of the body. • These are considered to be the life force and are, therefore, important in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
  • 18. • These are the carriers of different powers, which make the whole body system and its parts functional.
  • 19. Faculties (Quwa) • These are of three kinds: • Natural power (Quwa Tabiyah) • Natural power is the power of metabolism and reproduction. Liver is the seat of this power and the process is carried on in every tissue of the body. Metabolism is concerned with the processes of nutrition and growth of human
  • 20. • Nutrition comes from the food and is carried to all parts of the body, while growth power is responsible for the construction and growth of human organism.
  • 21. • Psychic power refers to nervous and psychic power. It is located in side the brain and is responsible for perceptive and motive power. Perceptive power conveys impressions or sensation and motive power brings about movements as a response to sensation.
  • 22. • Vital power (Quwa Haywaniyah) • Vital power is responsible for maintaining life and enables all the organs to accept the effect of psychic power. This power is located in the heart. It Keeps life running in the tissues.
  • 23. Functions (Afaal) • This component refers to the movements and functions of all the organs of the body. • In case of a healthy body the various organs are not only in proper shape but are also performing their respective functions. • This makes it necessary to have full knowledge of the functions of the human body in full detail
  • 24. Diagnosis • The Diagnostic process in Unani system is dependent on observation and physical examination. • Diagnosis involves investigating the causes of disease thoroughly and in detail. For this, the physicians depend mainly on pulse reading and examination of urine and stool.
  • 25. • The ten conditions of pulse observed during the diagnosis are: • i. Quantity • ii. Force • iii. Duration of movement • iv. Condition of the vessel wall • v. Volume
  • 26. • vi. Duration of the rest period • vii. Palpitation of the pulse • viii. Equality and inequality • ix. Balance of the pulse • x. Rhythm
  • 27. • Physical examination • Is carried out by the diagnosis of urinogenital disorders, pathogenesis of blood and other humors, metabolic disorders and liver diseases. • The following observations of urine are made: • Colour • Consistency • Clearness and turbidity • Odour • Foam or froth • Precipitates • Quantity
  • 28. • The examination of stool, its colour, quantity, consistency and the presence of foreign body help very much in the diagnosis of various diseases. • Besides the means of pulse reading and physical examination of urine and stool, other conventional means such as inspection, palpitation, percussion and occultation are also used for diagnosis purposes.
  • 29. Strenght of Unani • Unani system of Medicine has very remarkable strength in the following disorders: • Skin disorders • Digestive disorders • Mental disorders • Sexual disorders • Gynecological disorders • Neurological disorders