3. 0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
0
50
100
150
200
250
98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Seabathers(x104)
NumberofBeaches
Not reported
Reported
Total number of sea bathers
PATROL LOG ( /day) FA REPORT( /accident) RESCUE REPORT( /accident)
Fig. 2 分析に用いた海水浴場数と総入込客数(1998~2016年)
Drowning Prevention Project JAPAN LIFESAVING ASSOCIATION 2
Actual situation of drowning on the bathing beach in Japan
4. 0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Numberofvictims
Preventive Action
Fig. 3 Preventive Action (measure of moving the potential victims)の数
Drowning Prevention Project JAPAN LIFESAVING ASSOCIATION 3
Actual situation of drowning on the bathing beach in Japan
5. 0
10
20
30
40
50
98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Numberofvictims
Emergency Care
Fig. 4 Emergency Care (rescue of unconscious victims) の数
Drowning Prevention Project JAPAN LIFESAVING ASSOCIATION 4
Actual situation of drowning on the bathing beach in Japan
6. 55 %42
3
遊泳可 遊泳注意 遊泳禁止
Drowning Prevention Project JAPAN LIFESAVING ASSOCIATION 5
Fig. 5 溺水事故発生時の海水浴場のコンディション(2004~2011年)
Actual situation of drowning on the bathing beach in Japan
7. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 1 2 3
Distancefromtheshoreline(m)
Wave height(m)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 1 2 3
Waterdepth(m)
Wave height(m)
Drowning Prevention Project JAPAN LIFESAVING ASSOCIATION
Fig. 6 溺水事故発生時の波の高さと発生場所(汀線からの距離,水深)
6
Actual situation of drowning on the bathing beach in Japan
8. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Rip currents
Longshore currents
Wind
Waves
Topography
%
2003-2016(Average /yr)
Photo by Surf Lifesaving Australia
Fig. 7 溺水事故の自然要因(2003~2016年の年平均)
Drowning Prevention Project JAPAN LIFESAVING ASSOCIATION 7
Actual situation of drowning on the bathing beach in Japan
9. Rip Current
Sand bar Sand bar
Photo;SLSA
Drowning Prevention Project JAPAN LIFESAVING ASSOCIATION 10
L=50~150m
distance; 4 times of break zone
Actual situation of drowning on the bathing beach in Japan
11. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Cramps
Panic
Lack of swimming skill
Exhaustion
Intoxicated
Others
%
2003-2016(Average /yr)
Fig. 11 溺水事故の人的要因(2003~2016年の年平均)
Drowning Prevention Project JAPAN LIFESAVING ASSOCIATION 23
Source; World Health Organization「WHO Global Report on Drowning」(2014)
Actual situation of drowning on the bathing beach in Japan
12. Drowning Prevention Project JAPAN LIFESAVING ASSOCIATION 24
Table. 1 海水浴場における溺水に対するBLSの実態(2012~2016年)
2014 2015 2016
Number of CPR 13 24 17
Outside swimming area 3 6 1
Witnessed drowning by lifesavers 2 8 5
Apply AED 10 (77%) 21 (88%) 16 (94%)
Defibrillation 2 1 2
Intoxicated 3 3 3
ROSC(return of spontaneous circulation) on the Beach 5 (38%) 8 (33%) 9 (53%)
One month survival [3] [5] [7]
Neurological intact survival 3 (23%) 5 (20%) 7 (41%)
Data: JLA溺水防止救助救命本部溺水事故調査委員会
Actual situation of drowning on the bathing beach in Japan
総務省消防庁(平成28年版 救急・救助の現状)によれば,心肺停止傷病者は年間約12万人.
応急手当が実施された傷病者の1ヶ月後の生存率は約7 %.
13. Drowning Prevention Project JAPAN LIFESAVING ASSOCIATION 25
Drowning CPA
patients (n=44)
Witness
(n=22)
No Witness
(n=22)
Patient's characteristics
Mean age 36.2 32.9 39.4
Male 40 (91%) 20 (91%) 20 (91%)
CPR by Life Saver 44 (100%) 22 (100%) 22 (100%)
The presence or absence of
Rescue breathing 44 (100%) 22 (100%) 22 (100%)
AED by Life Saver 41 (93%) 20 (91%) 21 (96%)
Defibrillation 4 (9%) 3 (14%) 1 (5%)
Outcome
ROSC (Return of spontaneous circulation ) 15 (34%) 15 (68%) 0 (0%)
One month survival 13 (30%) 13 (59%) 0 (0%)
Neurological intact survival (CPC1‐2) 13 (30%) 13 (59%) 0 (0%)
Time related characteristics
Mean Time until CPR start by Life Saver (min) 6.7 4.2 9.3
Time until ROSC in the field (min) 8.1 8.1
Reference:
T. Komine, H. Tanaka, H. Takyu, T. Kinoshi, S. Gotoh,E. Sone, R. Sagisaka, T. Ishikawa, S. Shimazaki; Effectiveness of surf lifesaver on
OHCA occurred by drowning on the beaches in Japan. 8th Asian Conference for Emergency Medicine.
Table. 2 海水浴場における溺水に対するBLS効果
(2009~2014年,86CPR症例のうちデータ分析が可能な44CPR症例に対する調査結果)
Actual situation of drowning on the bathing beach in Japan
14. Fig. 12 First Aid と救急搬送の数(2003~2016)
Drowning Prevention Project JAPAN LIFESAVING ASSOCIATION 26
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
NumberofE.C
NumberofF.A
FA Emergency call
Actual situation of drowning on the bathing beach in Japan
17. Drowning Prevention Project JAPAN LIFESAVING ASSOCIATION 34
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60<
NumberofRescue(/yr)
Age
Average of 2004-2011
Fig. 19 海水浴場における年齢別の救助人数
Actual situation of drowning on the bathing beach in Japan
18. 35
Drowning Prevention
遊泳 溺水 生存教育
着衣泳不慮の溺水
UITEMATE
PFD
Education : Water Safety & Swim Survive
Survive
溺水(Potential Risk ?)
Drowning Prevention Project JAPAN LIFESAVING ASSOCIATION
Actual situation of drowning on the bathing beach in Japan
19. Drowning Prevention
遊泳 溺水 生存教育
Survive
Drowning Prevention Project JAPAN LIFESAVING ASSOCIATION 36
救命教育
Actual situation of drowning on the bathing beach in Japan
20. 37Drowning Prevention Project JAPAN LIFESAVING ASSOCIATION
Fig.20 国民へのWS教育の実績( 61,554 人)
Actual situation of drowning on the bathing beach in Japan
6.16
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
累積(万人)
教育プログラム,資格発
行(人/年)
Water Safety
BLS
累積