2. Purpose
To identify and understand the steps for synthesis and to be able to
synthesise effectively
3. What did you learn?
• In academic writing it is often
necessary for writers to consider
different points of view and
decide whether to support one
point of view, the other point of
view, a combination of them or
neither of them.
• This can be followed by, and
support, the writer’s opinion.
In excerpts 1 and 2 (page 152-153),
notice how the writer summarises the
arguments of the two writers.
4. In-text Citations
• Throughout the body of your paper, you
must include in-text-citations whenever
you quote or paraphrase material from your
research sources.
• Purpose of in-text-citations:
i. to give credit to others for their ideas.
ii. To allow your reader to follow up and
learn more about the topic.
Example of a single author in-text-
citation
Chang (2008) found that engaging in
weight-bearing exercise regularly
significantly reduces women’s risk of
developing osteoporosis.
**for further details, refer to Chapter 3
5. Own Voice
• It is important to present your own position
within your work based on the evidence you
have synthesised; this is called “own voice”.
• This can be done by using a combination of
caution, hedging, evaluative adjectives,
adverbs and verbs.
• By using either positive or negative language to
present your evaluation, you demonstrate your
position to your readers.
Example (page 160)
i. The investigation to date may
indicate a fundamental flaw in
this approach. It is certainly
shows a need for more research
on this topic.
ii. Peter (2015) is misguided when
she inaccurately claims that
nurses need to be shown how to
use online learning tools to be
effective learners.
6. Own Voice
• Througout the body of your paper, you must
include in-text-citations whenever you
quote or paraphrase material from your
research sources.
• Purpose of in-text-citations:
i. to give credit to others for their ideas.
ii. To allow your reader to follow up and
learn more about the topic.
Example of a single author in-text-
citation
Chang (2008) found that engaging in
weight-bearing exercise regularly
significantly reduces women’s risk of
developing osteoporosis.
**for further details, refer to Chapter 3
7. To Show Positive
Comments
• Valid
• Sound
• Insightful
• Helpful
• Significant
• Astute
• Strongly
• Clearly/Certainly
• Importantly
Phrases
that
could be
used
to evaluate evidence
or
show your own voice
**refer to page 160 for more examples
To Show Negative
Comments
• Disregard
• Incomplete
• Inadequate
• Problematic
• Questionable
• Invalid
• Dissapointing
• Unlikely
• Flaws
8. Components of a Synthesis Essay
• Thesis statement
• Reading from sources and
selecting information
• Analysis
• Ideas behind connections
3
2
4
5
1
• Final findings
1
2
3
4
5
9. 1. Thesis Statement
• A thesis statement is
a one-sentence
summary of an
essay’s content.
• Different writing
task require
different thesis
statements.
• A thesis statement
includes a subject
and a predicate,
which consists of an
assertion about the
subject.
3. Analysis
• Based on the
evidence gathered,
try to find ways to
connect ideas and
themes of the topics
under study.
• Remain objective
and only make
claims that are
backed up by
evidence.
2. Reading from
Sources and Selecting
Information
• This part can be
arduous and requires
time to do.
• It is important to
read your articles
carefully.
• Extract important
information relevant
to your topic and
make sure your
sources are properly
cited.
10. 4. Ideas Behind
Connections
• Depending on the
topic, some ideas
may be very bias.
• Make sure that you
verify the facts
properly and
accurately.
• It allow us to be
more precise about
the relationships
between statements
in a sentence or
between sentences.
5. Final Findings
• In the final
paragraph, briefly
summary all the
main points that has
been discussed in
the previous
paragraphs.
• Be brief and do not
go into lengthy
explanations.
• You can draw your
conclusion or give
your
recommendation.
*It is to note that a
synthesis is not a
summary. Instead, a
synthesis essay is to
create new knowledge
out of existing
knowledge and sources.
13. Writing the Synthesis Essay (page 165)
• Hook and background
information.
• Definition of terms.
• Thesis statement.
• Paragraph dedicated to
separate arguments.
• Paraphrased evidence
from sources.
• Summary of key
points.
• Importance of the
problem in question.
• Action plan.
17. 01
02
03
04
Recheck if the essay has an
introduction, body and a
conclusion
Check the verb tenses and
make sure the all subjects
and verbs agree with each
other
Editing your essay (page 167-168)
Check the grammar,
punctuations, format, and
over-all sentence
construction
Ensure that all the in-text-
citations are correctly cited
and included in the
reference list.
Editor's Notes
Notes to presenter:
What is your purpose for sharing this reflection?
Is it at the end of a unit or project?
Are you sharing this reflection, at the attainment of a learning goal you set for yourself?
Is it at the end of a course?
State your purpose for the reflection or even the purpose of the learning experience or learning goal. Be clear and be specific in stating your purpose.
Notes to presenter:
Description of what you learned in your own words on one side.
Include information about the topic
Details about the topic will also be helpful here.
Tell the story of your learning experience. Just like a story there should always be a beginning, middle and an end.
On the other side, you can add a graphic that provides evidence of what you learned.
Feel free to use more than one slide to reflect upon your process. It also helps to add some video of your process.
Notes to presenter:
Description of what you learned in your own words on one side.
Include information about the topic
Details about the topic will also be helpful here.
Tell the story of your learning experience. Just like a story there should always be a beginning, middle and an end.
On the other side, you can add a graphic that provides evidence of what you learned.
Feel free to use more than one slide to reflect upon your process. It also helps to add some video of your process.
Notes to presenter:
Description of what you learned in your own words on one side.
Include information about the topic
Details about the topic will also be helpful here.
Tell the story of your learning experience. Just like a story there should always be a beginning, middle and an end.
On the other side, you can add a graphic that provides evidence of what you learned.
Feel free to use more than one slide to reflect upon your process. It also helps to add some video of your process.
Notes to presenter:
Description of what you learned in your own words on one side.
Include information about the topic
Details about the topic will also be helpful here.
Tell the story of your learning experience. Just like a story there should always be a beginning, middle and an end.
On the other side, you can add a graphic that provides evidence of what you learned.
Feel free to use more than one slide to reflect upon your process. It also helps to add some video of your process.
Notes to presenter:
What was important about this learning experience?
How is it relevant to your course, yourself, or your society or community?
Why is this significant?
This SmartArt allows you add images and text to help outline your process. If a picture is worth a thousand words, then pictures and words should help you communicate this reflection on learning perfectly! You can always click on Insert>SmartArt to change this graphic or select the graphic and click on the Design contextual menu to change the colors.
Notes to presenter:
What steps will you be taking as a result of this learning experience?
Did you learn from any failed experiences? How will you do things differently?
What advice will you give to others so they can learn from your experiences?
How can you share what you learned with a real-world audience?
Some examples of next steps might be:
After delivering my first persuasive presentation, I am thinking about joining the debate team.
After making my first film, I’m considering entering it in our school film festival or local film festival.
After connecting with this career expert, I’d like to do some research on that career field because it sounds interesting to me.
This SmartArt allows you add images and text to help outline your process. If a picture is worth a thousand words, then pictures and words should help you communicate this reflection on learning perfectly! You can always click on Insert>SmartArt to change this graphic or select the graphic and click on the Design contextual menu to change the colors.
Feel free to use more than one slide to share your next steps. It also helps to add some video content to explain your message.
Notes to presenter:
What was important about this learning experience?
How is it relevant to your course, yourself, or your society or community?
Why is this significant?
This SmartArt allows you add images and text to help outline your process. If a picture is worth a thousand words, then pictures and words should help you communicate this reflection on learning perfectly! You can always click on Insert>SmartArt to change this graphic or select the graphic and click on the Design contextual menu to change the colors.
Notes to presenter:
What was important about this learning experience?
How is it relevant to your course, yourself, or your society or community?
Why is this significant?
This SmartArt allows you add images and text to help outline your process. If a picture is worth a thousand words, then pictures and words should help you communicate this reflection on learning perfectly! You can always click on Insert>SmartArt to change this graphic or select the graphic and click on the Design contextual menu to change the colors.
Notes to presenter:
What did you think at first?
What obstacles did you encounter along the way?
How did you overcome those obstacles?
What images can you add to support your process?
This SmartArt allows you add images and text to help outline your process. If a picture is worth a thousand words, then pictures and words should help you communicate this reflection on learning perfectly! You can always click on Insert>SmartArt to change this graphic or select the graphic and click on the Design contextual menu to change the colors.
Feel free to use more than one slide to reflect upon your process. It also helps to add some video of your process.
