Nirvana hills project-Case Study

1EIA Presentation
RCG School of Infrastructure Design &
Management, IIT Kharagpur
EIA presentation
Presented by :
Pulok Ranjan Mohanta (16ID60S01)
Pacify Marwein (16ID60R09)
Sangit Banik (16ID60R15)
Md Wamique (16ID60R14)
Shakhar Anand (16ID60R06)
Environmental & Social Impact Assessment
of
NIRVANA HILLS
Slum Rehabilitation Project

2EIA Presentation
Layout of the presentation
• Project background.
• Applicable environmental and social regulatory
framework and its relevance
• Impact assessment of land use
• Impact assessment of air quality
• Impact assessment of Soil and water
• Socio economic impact assessment
2

3EIA Presentation
EIA presentation
Project Background

4EIA Presentation
EIA presentation
Nirvana hills project entails the REHABILITATION of 4,324 slum households (14,000
people) due to demolition of old houses (mostly slums) for new development.
Undertaken by kumar urban development limited (kul) in 2011.
Project description
Location: Erandwane, Haveli Taluka, at 18° 30’ 41.82”N and 73° 49’ 21.34”E, Pune
Plot area: 320,826 sq mts (79 Acres).

5EIA Presentation
EIA presentation
Project description
1. New housing for current slum dwellers
2. Construction of commercial residential housing
3. Construction of commercial and retail space
4. Employment generation
5. Contribution to local economy
The Project has been categorized as Category B for EIA
Objectives are to include:
KUL has committed to provide the following additional amenities:
1. A temple
2. Gym/playground
3. Library
4. Primary school and a secondary school
5. A permanent creche
6. Aged People’s Space.

6EIA Presentation
EIA presentation
 During the construction phase, there is a likelihood of damage to assets/structures in
adjoining areas as well as within the project area.
 Some major areas to be affected:
 The impacts over the project lifecycle need to be adequately mitigated and managed
through an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the planning,
construction and operations phase.
1. Air quality
2. Surface and Ground Quality
3. Ground Water Resources
4. Traffic, Transport and Access Issues
5. Noise and Vibration Impacts
6. Community & Occupational Health & Safety
7. Storm water runoff
Project description

7EIA Presentation
EIA presentation
Applicable environmental and social
regulatory framework and its
relevance

8EIA Presentation
• Environmental and social regulations applicable to project nirvana:
– Ministry of Environment and Forests to issue Environmental Clearance
(Screening and appraisal. )
– The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has been created for the
control of water, air and noise pollution, land degradation and
hazardous substances and waste management.
– Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) is implementing various
environmental legislations in the state of Maharashtra
– Maharashtra State Level Impact Assessment Authority to to provide
all the required support
– Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited to
supply power to the project.
– Other Applicable laws and regulations.
8

9EIA Presentation
Social Base line
3308,
99%
42,
1%
HOUSE HOLD
RELIGION
HINDU
MUSLIM
9
Total population 3350
Sex Ratio (F/M) 888/1000
Working age group 70.4%
Senior citizens (total/ women) 524/222
Literacy
• At least secondary total(M/F)
• Post Graduation
34% (53% /56% )
2%
Income in INR (Average/lowest, highest) 6400/ 1000/ 20000
Electricity Supply Yes, regular
90% connections illegal
Water supply Yes
Public toilet usage by 99% of population
Education facility (to be relocated) 3 anganwadi center
2 primary schools
Availability of Hospital 2 (Private)
Pavements RCC
1021,
43%
906,
38%
328,
14%
127,
5%
Housing
Infrastructure
Load bearing
hutments
Shed type
RCC
No
Information
Source: Socio Economic Survey, Vatsalya, 2010

10EIA Presentation
• Types of impacts can be classified as
– Adverse – which can negatively affect the baseline
– Beneficial – which can enhance/ improve the existing baseline.
• Criterions that have been used to evaluate impacts
– Context
– Duration
– Intensity
10
Social and environmental impact
evaluation
Criteria
Context
Local (within
1 k.m.)
Medium
(within 3
k.m.)
Regional (
beyond 3
k.m.)
Duration
Short term (6
months)
Medium Term (1-3 years)
Long term( beyond 3
years)
Intensity
Minor Moderate Major

11EIA Presentation
EIA presentation
Impact assessment of land use

12EIA Presentation
Due to densely developed surrounding regions future development is
not possible.
Plot area: 320,826
m2 (approx)
slums are currently
occupying about
1/3rd of this area
(i.e. roughly
120,000 m2).
Land use pattern of site

13EIA Presentation
Natural hazards
Earthquake
• According to Seismic Zone Map of India, Project Site falls in Zone III
which having medium damage risk and vulnerable to earthquakes. Thus,
the Project accordingly is required to have provisions of earthquake
resistant design.
Winds
• Winds and Cyclone The Project site falls in Moderate Damage Risk
Zone B (Vb = 39 m/s).
Flood
• River Indrayani, and river Pauna are the rivers which are likely to cause
flooding in Haveli Taluka and river Mutha in Taluka Mulshi.
• As per the Natural Hazard Map of Pune District the area where Site is
located has low flood frequency, with the last dam overflow having
occurred more than 40 years ago.
13

14EIA Presentation
Monitored Parameter Unit Values
Average Wind Speed m/s 1.49 m/s
Predominant wind
direction
From WNW to ESE with Calm winds
65.90%
Rainfall mm Nil
Temperature 0C Maximum:31 oC Minimum:13.5 oC
Relative Humidity
Minimum–42.60%
Maximum–78.80%
14
Source: Source: EIA Report prepared by M/s Mahabal
Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd., 2009.
• Approximately 65.9% of the winds were recorded to
be calm thereby reducing the impact on the Site.
• No rainfall was recorded during the monitoring
period.
Meteorological Monitoring Data
Summary during Study Period of
three months During the study
period of three months
(November 2008- January 2009)
Meteorology

15EIA Presentation
1515
Wind Rose for 0830 hrs (1981-1994)
Source: Dy. Director General. Regional Metrological Department, Pune
Site Specific 24 Hours Windrose
Source: EIA Report prepared by M/s Mahabal
Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd., 2009.

16EIA Presentation
Meteorology
• In Haveli sub division, the climate is dry and healthy but varies
much in different part of the subdivision.
• Owing to the geographical conditions in the district the rainfall is
unevenly distributed. The western part receives more rainfall
than the eastern parts.
• The rainfall increases so rapidly towards the west that in the
border villages, rice and nagli take the place of jowar and bajra.
(Source: Poona District Gazetteer, 1885).

17EIA Presentation
Anticipated Impacts on Land Use
Impacts to consider during
Planning Phase
Impacts during Construction
Phase
Impacts Operational Phase
Positive change in land use
pattern from slum cluster to
formally developed residential
cum commercial zone
Good upkeep and
maintenance of transit
tenements reinforces the
positive impacts highlighted
in the planning phase;
Level of repair and
maintenance sustained
through project life cycle will
determine the sustenance of
positive change in land use
and land value
Positive rise in land value that
will remain sustained through
project life cycle provided
Project meets its goals
Timely execution of project
milestones reinforces the
positive impacts highlighted
in planning phase.
-
Good architectural planning
and design adds to positive
increase in land values within
project site and immediate
neighbourhood.
Timely completion of
construction of associated
infrastructural facilities and
utilities will reinforce the
positive change in land values
and use
-
Timely regulatory approvals
and clearances reinforces the
impacts cited above
17

18EIA Presentation
• Intensity of impact on Land use
18

19EIA Presentation
EIA presentation
Impact assessment of air quality

20EIA Presentation
Air Quality Index
20
• The ambient air quality of the study area was monitored at five locations
included-
 Suspended particulate matter
 Respiratory particulate matter(PM10)
 Sulphur dioxide
 Oxide of nitrogen
 Carbon monoxide
• Primary source of air pollution in the study area is vehicular traffic.
Details of Ambient Air Monitoring Stations
S/N Sampling location Code Distance from centre
of project(km)
1 Project Site AQ1 0
2 Shivaji Nagar AQ2 3.2 NE
3 Pashan AQ3 5.6 NW
4 Bavdhan AQ4 5 WNW
5 Khondwa AQ5 7.7 SE

21EIA Presentation
Ambient Air Quality
21
Parameters(μg/m3) observed AQ1 AQ2 AQ3 AQ4 AQ5 SI value
SPM Standard 200 200 200 200 200
Maximum 82.6 96.5 79.8 98.8 78.8 41.3
98th percentile 82.5 94.9 79.1 98.1 78.7 41.25
RPSM Standard 100 100 100 100 100
Maximum 30.2 21.4 22.8 38.9 27.5 30.2
98th percentile 30 27.6 22.5 38.8 27 30
SO2 Standard 80 80 80 80 80
Maximum 3.6 4 10.5 16.8 10.4 4.5
98th percentile 3.6 4 9.8 14 10.1 4.5
Nox Standard 80 80 80 80 80
Maximum 8.1 8.2 14.7 21.5 14.5 10.125
98th percentile 7.8 7.8 14.6 19.6 13.6 9.75
CO Standard 2 2 2 2 2
Maximum 1 0.05 0.26 0.26 0.24 50
98th percentile 0.94 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 47
SI value=
𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
*100Since maximum SI value is of CO, then we will
consider it as Air quality index.

22EIA Presentation
Ambient Air Quality
22
Maximum SI value is =50%(0-50)
So AQI is in good range.
AQI table

23EIA Presentation
Source of Air pollution
23
During construction phase, following are the key sources of air emissions:
• Use of fire wood for cooking and burning of garbage in labour camp sites
• Indoor air quality issues due to cooking inside shelters in labour camp sites
• Fugitive dust generation at/due to:
 Vehicular movement on unpaved surfaces;
 Construction operations such as excavation, loading and unloading of
excavated earth material
 Demolition of existing slum structures
• Gaseous emissions from heavy construction equipment's, machinery, RMC(ready
mix concrete) trucks and vehicular fleet.
• There would be approximately 6924 MT/year of CO2 emissions from vehicles.
• LPG combustion would contribute 155 MT/year of CO2 emissions.
• Total CO2 emission would be 7079 MT/year.

24EIA Presentation
Overall Summary of anticipated
impacts on air quality
24
Planning Phase
Impacts during Construction
Phase
Impacts during Operational
Phase
Locating STP,
Composting yards etc. near
sensitive receptors
Fugitive dust along access
roads, construction sites
Foul smell from STPs, Solid
waste segregation centres,
composting yards
Gaseous emission from
vehicles, machinery and
equipment's that use fossil
fuel
Indoor air quality issues in
individual rehabilitation flats
Indoor air quality, garbage
burning and fire wood use
are
critical Air quality issues.
Green house gases Emissions
from vehicles and LPG
combustion.

25EIA Presentation
25
• The maximum impact on AAQ levels will occur during construction
phase of the project life cycle and is minor adverse.
• During operational phase, depending upon the location of STPs and
other such facilities and by maintaining green buffer zones, AAQ levels
will not be impacted significantly by the project.
• So overall effect could be said as minor adverse.
Significance of Impact

26EIA Presentation
26
• Dust generating activities to be avoided in conditions of high wind (particularly
during summer season) and covers to be provided for loose construction
material at construction site;
• Trucks/ dumpers to be covered by tarpaulin sheets during off site transportation
of friable construction materials and spoil;
• Surfaced roads to be cleaned and un-surfaced roads will be stabilized to reduce
offsite transport of soils and avoid dust generation;
• Diesel generators meant for emergency power requirement to be optimally
operated and regularly maintained so as to ensure that emissions from fuel
combustion remain at design levels.
• Also to have appropriate stack height as per the MPCB guidelines;
• Machinery to be turned off when not in use;
Suggested Mitigation measure:

27EIA Presentation
EIA presentation
Soil and Water Environment

28EIA Presentation
Surface & Ground water monitoring
• The water quality assessment was done to understand the baseline ground water quality of the
study area. The groundwater sample was collected from the Project Site.
• The project will use Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) supply during construction phase and
operational phase. PMC is the main source of drinking water (sensitive use) in the study area.
28
24%
20%
56%
Ground Water Potential
High (Less than 5m
and below ground
level)
Medium (5-15m
below ground level)
Low (More than 15m
below ground level)
 Due to hilly terrain, there is no surface water body located within the site premise

29EIA Presentation
29
Ground Water Quality in Study Area
S.N. Parameters Unit Project Site IS: 10500 Limits
Desirable Permissible
1 Colour Visual Colourless 5 25
2 pH 7.72 6.5 - 8.5 No Relaxation
3 Odour - Odourless
4 Turbidity NTU Nil 5 10
5
Total Suspended
Solids
mg/l Nil
6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 90 500 2000
7 Oil & Grease mg/l Nil -- --
8 Phenol mg/l Nil 0.001 0.002
9 Total Alkalinity mg/l 60 200 600
10 Total Hardness mg/l Nil 300 600
11 Chlorides mg/l 28.36 250 1000
12 Sulphates mg/l 2 200 400
13 Nitrate mg/l Nil 45 100
14 Fluoride mg/l Nil 1 1.5
15 Sodium (as Na) mg/l Nil - -
S.N. Parameters Unit Project Site IS: 10500 Limits
Desirable Permissible
16 Potassium (as K) mg/l Nil - -
17 Iron (as Fe) mg/l Nil 0.3 1
18 Copper (as Cu) mg/l Nil 0.05 1.5
19 Lead (as Pb) mg/l Nil 0.05
No
Relaxation
20 Zinc (as Zn) mg/l Nil 5 15
21 Cadmium mg/l Nil 0.01
No
Relaxation
22 Total Chromium mg/l Nil 0.05
No
Relaxation
23 Hexavalent Chromium mg/l Nil 0.05
No
Relaxation
24 Calcium mg/l Nil 75 200
25 Magnesium mg/l Nil 30 100
26 Total Nitrogen mg/l Nil
27 Free Ammonia mg/l Nil
28 Boron mg/l Not 1 5
detectable
29 Total Coliforms,
Nos./100
ml
Nil < 2
30 Faecal Coliforms
Nos./100
ml
Absent Absent
All the parameters were found to be well within the desirable limits.

30EIA Presentation
Soil Quality at Site
SI.No. Parameters Unit Project Site
1 pH 8.11
2
Organic
Carbon
% 0.29
3
Available
Nitrogen as N
kg/ha 135
4
Available
Phosphorous
as P205
kg/ha 31.9
5
Available
Sulfur as S
kg.ha 0.22
6 Copper mg/kg 1.8
7 Zinc mg/kg 2.11 30
• The top layer of the soil at the site is of hard
strata and the texture is largely sandy loam with
low to moderate erosion potential.
• The depth of this textured soil layer varies from
1.0m to 2.5m.
• The area is surrounded by plains containing
murrum and soft rock.
As per this EIA report, the soil quality was assessed
based on primary soil sample collection from Project
Site and results are produced.
• India does not have any specific concentration based
soil contamination standards.
• In absence of any existing standards, Dutch standards
have been considered for the purpose of analysis.
Parameter Intervention Values
(mg/kg dry matter)
Zinc 720
Arsenic 76
Lead 530
Cadmium 13
Copper 190
Mercury
(inorganic)
36
Mercury
(organic)
4
Source: Soil Remediation Circular 2009, Minister of Housing, Spatial Planning
and Environment, Netherlands.
Note: Concentrations are shown for standard soil (10% organic matter and
25% clay)

31EIA Presentation
Summary of Anticipated Impacts on Soil and Water Environment
31
Planning Phase
Impacts during Construction Phase Impacts Operational Phase
Soil and water contamination due to
sewage treatment plants,
composting yards, sewerage systems
and transformer yards.
Increase in soil erosion from construction
sites/slum demolition sites and choking of
drainage lines downstream
Soil and water contamination due
to sewage treatment plants,
composting yards, sewerage
systems and transformer yards.
Meeting long term water demand
with appropriate quality levels
Transport, handling, storage and use of
construction chemicals, paints, solvents, oil,
grease, fossil fuel and other hazardous
materials used in construction site
Water quality aspects will depend
largely on the effective O&M
practices adopted for periodical
cleaning and up keep of the entire
water supply system
- Change in local drainage pattern
Daily water demand during lean
months will depend on PMC
regulations on rationing
-
Liquid and solid waste disposal such as
wastewater, solid wastes, construction
wastes (arising from various works such as
earthwork, electrical, plumbing, painting,
carpentry etc.)
-
-
Water demand during construction phase
and conservation measures required
-

32EIA Presentation
Impact Significance – Soil and Water Environment
Factors Significance – Planning
Phase
Significance –
Construction Phase
Significance –
Operational Phase
Context - Local Local
Duration - Short Long
Intensity - Insignificant Insignificant
Overall - Insignificant adverse Minor adverse
32
Suggested Mitigation Measures
 Soil and water contamination
 To avoid soil and water contamination issues at STP design the waste water holding tanks and sludge storage
rooms leak or seep proof with secondary containment.
 At compost yard, transformer room and storage room design the floors to be leak or seep proof with bunds on
all sides and secondary containment.
 Provide effective storm water drains all around such facilities to prevent storm water contamination.
 Rainwater harvesting and ground water recharge
 Project has proposals to implement roof top rainwater harvesting.
 As specified in Environmental Clearance issued by SEIAA to identify potential groundwater recharge zones and
implement recharge measures especially on hill top hill slope areas within the site.
 The Project has a favourable topography and best suited to source rain water and storm water for project
purposes.

33EIA Presentation
EIA presentation
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS

34EIA Presentation
• Socio-economic impacts will include:
– Physical displacement of ineligible tenements
– Impact on livelihoods
– Impact of in-situ rehabilitation
– Impacts on Local Demography and Resources
– Impact on community health & safety
– Local Economic Impacts
34

35EIA Presentation
Physical displacement of ineligible
tenements
• “Eligibility” of a slum dweller for Project Nirvana is determined by the ownership of the
existing structure and his/her domicile in the census slum before or as on January 1st 1995.
• 25% of the total number of slum tenements is likely to be declared ineligible for
rehabilitation
• Significance of Impact
– temporary disruption of livelihoods.
– loss of social networks.
35

36EIA Presentation
Livelihood Impacts
• short to medium term income losses
• potential business interruption risks for structures like flour mills, tailoring, provision stores
which dependent upon the customer base provided by the slum community.
• Commercial owners are given the option of opting for transit arrangements to set-up shop or
a monthly commercial rental allowance
36

37EIA Presentation
In-situ rehabilitation
• The eligible households are provided with a secure tenure during the transit/construction
phase, but no provision for ineligibles.
• Will use two of their fully constructed towers as the transit building. People to be evacuated
will be accommodated in this building temporarily until they are moved into their
allotted apartments.
• Once a phase is rehabilitated, the next phase of evacuated families will occupy these
buildings would be finally reconverted into rehabilitation building for the final phase of
evicted households
• Basic amenities like water supply, sanitation, electricity are arranged.
37

38EIA Presentation
• Severance of Community Bond and Impact on Social Networks
• Improvement in the Quality of Life
– Improved access to drinking water and sanitation
– Increased potential of rehabilitated slum dwellers to avail of credit
facilities due to security of tenure
– Addition to existing income generating opportunities due to the
parallel development of the sale component.
38
In-situ rehabilitation

39EIA Presentation
Impacts on Demographic Changes
and Local Resources
• During the construction phase, it is expected that there will be a short-term increase in
population
• This population in the operations phase is likely to see an exponential growth due to the sale
of residential and commercial property in the open market
• construction activities can temporarily impact the land immediately adjacent to the existing
site area
• There may also be issues of community conflict if private lands are accessed for temporary
storage or usage without formal permission
• The prevalence of economic opportunities could attract several businessmen, workers in
search of employment and other such community which may lead to encroachment on the
existing land in the immediate vicinity
39

40EIA Presentation
Community Health & Safety
• Influx of Workers during the Construction Phase
– Pressure on key local infrastructure such as water, healthcare, electricity
– Spread of communicable diseases
– Health ailments related to food poisoning or diseases like malaria, viral fever,
gastroenteritis which could spread within the community
– Risk of labourers (especially migrant) encroaching upon land in the adjoining slum area.
40

41EIA Presentation
Impacts to the Local Economy
• Creation of employment and procurement opportunities
– job for Local subcontractors and unskilled labour from the local area
– Self- employment options for individuals possessing vocational or
technical training skills like electricians, welders, fitters etc.
– Permanent job opportunities in the organized and unorganized sector.
– There is likely to be increased demand for security, kitchen help, need
for drivers etc;
– A multiplier effect will be felt on the creation of indirect employment
through the local community establishing small shops like tea stalls,
supply of intermediate raw materials, repair outlets, hardware stores
etc.
41

42EIA Presentation
Leopold Matrix
Factors Planning Stage Construction stage Operation stage
Land use Insignificant beneficial Minor beneficial Moderately beneficial
Solid Waste - Moderate Adverse Moderate beneficial
Ambient Air Quality - Minor adverse Minor adverse
Soil and Water
Environment
- Insignificant adverse Minor adverse
Cultural Environment Minor adverse Minor adverse
Health and Safety - Minor adverse Minor adverse
Impacts due to Natural
Disasters
- Minor adverse Insignificant
Livelihood impact Moderately beneficial Moderately beneficial Major Beneficial
In-situ rehabilitation Moderately beneficial Moderately beneficial Major Beneficial
42

43EIA Presentation
Conclusion
• From the above EIA we find the project is beneficial for a
long term for the slum dwellers.
• Care has to be taken for traffic congestion and
healthcare facility establishment.
• Local administration must look into the waste disposal
parameter.
43

44EIA Presentation
Thank you
44

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