final_black_book GRIHA.docx

A PROJECT REPORT ON
REVIEW OF GHRIHA RATING SYSTEM
SUBMITTED BY
02 SIDDHANT M. YENDHE
12) PRASANNA M. DEORE
21) VIKRANT S. MATE
34) KRUSHANAK S. JAGTAP
42) ARYAN R. SHINDE
49) RAKSHAK S. THOKAL
GUIDED BY
MRS. P. D. PATIL
UNDERTAKEN AT
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
PIMPRI-CHINCHWADPOLYTECHNIC
AKURDI, PUNE-411044.
(2022-2023)

A PROJECT REPORTON
A Dissertation submitted in partial
fulfillment.
DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
AFFILIATED TO MSBTE
SUBMITTED BY
02) SIDDHANT M. YENDHE 34) KRUSHANAK S. JAGTAP
12) PRASANNA M. DEORE 42) ARYAN R. SHINDE
21) VIKRANT S. MATE 49) RAKSHAK S. THOKAL
Under the guidance of
MRS. P. D. PATIL
PIMPRI CHINCHWAD POLYTECHNIC AKURDI, PUNE
2022-2023.

PIMPRI CHINCHWAD EDUCATION TRUST’S
PIMPRI CHINCHWAD POLYTECHNIC
PRADHIKARAN, AKURDI,PUNE-411044.
C E R T I F I C A T E
This is to certify that the end
term Project report entitled
REVIEW OF GHIHA RATING SYSTEM
Has been completed successfully by
SIDDHANT M. YENDHE
PRASANNA M. DEORE
VIKRANT S. MATE
KRUSHANAK S. JAGTAP
ARYAN R. SHINDE
RAKSHAK S. THOKAL
Prof. B.V Jadhav Prof. M. S. Malkar Dr. V. S. Byakod
Project Guide
(External Examiner)
H.O.D Principal
Seal of Institute
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education for
Academic Year 2022-2023

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to take this opportunity to thank one and all that provided
their valuable advice and guidance without which this project would not have
been completed. I thank all who have helped me directly or indirectly but some
in particular have to be singled out since they have given me more than just
guidance.
I wish to express thanks to my guide MRS. P.D. PATIL Lecturer in
Department of Civil Engineering for her support.
My profound thanks to PROF. A. A. AVASTHI Head of the
Department of Civil Engineering for her invaluable advice and constant
encouragement to complete this project report in a successful manner.
I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to our esteemed Principal
DR. V. S. BYAKOD for her encouragement.
Roll No. Name Sign
02 Siddhant Yendhe
12 Prasanna Deore
21 Vikrant Mate
34 Krushanak Jagtap
42 Aryan Shinde
49 Rakshak Thokal

ABSTRACT
 A green building depletes the natural resources to the minimum during its construction
and operation. The aim of a green building design is to minimize the demand on non-
renewable resources, maximize the utilization efficiency of these resources, when in
use, and maximize the reuse, recycling, and utilization of renewable resources.
 It maximizes the use of efficient building materials and construction practices;
optimizes the use of on-site sources and sinks by bio-climatic architectural practices;
uses minimum energy to power itself; uses efficient equipment to meet its lighting, air-
conditioning, and other needs;
 Maximizes the use of renewable sources of energy; uses efficient waste and water
management practices; and provides comfortable and hygienic indoor working
conditions.
 It is essential that an appropriate model of green building be used by the administrators
and professionals. The global problems of environmental degradation have forced the
society to rethink about the way of development and evolve the concept of sustainable
development. Indeed, the new environmentally friendly technologies are fundamental
to attain sustainable development.
 Various green initiatives are being taken to maintain and improve the quality of
environment that might flourish on the new resource efficient and sustainable thinking
society of the future. There is hope for international action in the application of science
and technology to environmental concerns a hope born of the urgency of current
environmental problems, of the new-found recognition of mutual environmental
interests and of the fundamental role of science and technology in general and green
technologies, in particular, in assessing and responding to environmental threats.

INDEX
SR NO TITLE PAGE NO
1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
2. Introduction
3. Literature review
4. Research criteria
5. Rating process
6. Criteria and their weightage
7. Methodology
8. Details of design working and processes
9. Reference and bibliography
10. Figures
11. Conclusions

LIST OF TABLES
SR NO NAME PAGE NO
Table 1
Criteria and their weightage
Table 2 Site parameters section criteria
Table 3 Maintenance & Housekeeping section
criteria
Table 4 Basic Metering requirements
Table 5 Advance metering requirements
Table 6 Energy section criteria
Table 7 Percentage reduction in energy consumption
Table 8 Percentage of on-site/on-site and offsite
generation of energy from renewable energy
source
Table 9 Percentage of off-site generation of energy
from renewable energy sources
Table 10 Water efficiency section criteria
Table 11 Social aspects section criteria
Table 12 Bonus points section criteria
Table 14 Maintenance protocol checklist
Table 15 Checklist for green housing keeping
products
Table 16 Allowable limit for VOC content in interior
paints
Table 17 Allowable limit for VOC content in
adhesives
Table 18 Allowable limit for VOC content in Sealant
Table 19 Water audit sample format
Table 20 For residential buildings
Table 21 For commercial buildings
Table 22 Indian adaptive comfort temperature range
for different cities of India

The GRIHA Existing Building (EB) abridged version is an outcome of the
development team and various experts in the buildings industry. The
GRIHA Council would like to express our sincere gratitude to all the experts
who spared valuable time and guided us throughout the process.
We would like to thank Professor B Bhattacharjee of IIT Delhi, Mr Girish
Mishra, Principal Consultant & Director of Saviram Engineering
Consultants Pvt. Ltd, Mr P S Saini, Superintendent Hospital Engineer of
PGI Hospital and Mr H C Vinayaka, Head of Technical and Sustainability
of Hotels, ITC Ltd, for their constant support and encouragement during the
development process.
We would to acknowledge Mr Amit Ghoshal, Architect-Planner of Livin
Systems Consultants Pvt. Ltd, Mr Devinder Khetrapal, CEO of Quality
Analyst & Labs Pvt. Ltd, and Mr Aneesh Kadyan, Director - Operations
(Asset Services), of CBRE South Asia Pvt. Ltd for providing important
feedback on specific sections of the rating framework.
The GRIHA EB rating would not have been conceivable without extremely
valuable technical guidance of Mr Richie Mittal, Managing Director of
Overdrive Engineering Pvt. Ltd, Dr Ishan Purohit, Sr General Manager
(Renewables) of Lahmeyer International India Pvt. Ltd, and Mr Jagjit Singh,
CEO, M J Engineering Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
We would like to express our gratitude to Dr Ajay Mathur, President,
GRIHA Council, for providing his leadership to the GRIHA Council,
without which development of this rating would have not been possible.

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INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE
PROJECT
Green building rating systems are utilized by both developed and
developing countries based on their local context. This paper aims to
develop an assessment tool that considers the triple bottom line
sustainability of buildings. B) in ethiopia, buildings of various types and
purposes are constructed at an alarming rate with inadequate resources
and wasteful uses, so this tool is in urgent need. Developing such a tool is
highly appreciated due to the diversified and complicated ecological and
socio-economic issues in the building construction sector.
This research has developed new green building assessment categories
and criteria depending upon consensus reached with 93 experienced
experts working on the construction sectors. This research reviewed a
total of 10 widely and repeatedly used tools that were critically studied,
for instance, leadership in energy and environmental design, building
research establishment environmental assessment method,
comprehensive assessment system for building environmental efficiency,
deutsche gesellschaft für nachhaltiges bauen, sustainable building tool,
and so on.
The analytic hierarchy process technique was applied for weighting and
prioritizing after selecting these assessment categories and criteria. The
outcomes of the research with the relative priority values were materials
and resources (18.66%), sustainable sites and ecology (16.92%), energy
efficiency (16.78%), indoor environmental quality (12.60%), economic
aspects (10.41%), management (10.30%), water efficiency (8.06%) and
location and transportation (6.27%). Thus the proposed sustainable
building assessment tool that best suits ethiopian settings was developed

CHAPTER – 3
LITERATURE
REVIEW

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LITERATURE REVIEW
 GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) is a rating system
developed in India to evaluate the environmental performance of buildings
and habitats. It was developed by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)
in collaboration with the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE),
Government of India. The GRIHA rating system is designed to evaluate the
environmental performance of buildings and habitats holistically, based on
their energy efficiency, water efficiency, waste management, indoor air
quality, and other sustainability criteria.
 A review of the literature on the GRIHA rating system reveals that it has
gained significant traction and acceptance within India's building sector. It
has been used as a benchmark for green building projects across the country
and has been adopted by various government agencies and private
organizations. The rating system has been recognized by the Indian Green
Building Council (IGBC) as an equivalent to its own rating system, LEED
(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design).
 Several studies have been conducted on the efficacy and applicability of the
GRIHA rating system in the Indian context. These studies have examined the
factors that influence the adoption and implementation of the rating system,
its effectiveness in promoting sustainable building practices, and the
challenges faced in its implementation.
 Some of the key findings from the literature review include:
- GRIHA has been found to be effective in promoting sustainable
building practices in India, with a significant increase in the number of
GRIHA-certified projects in recent years.

- The GRIHA rating system has been found to be more comprehensive
than other rating systems, with a stronger focus on local environmental
and social factors.
- The certification process for GRIHA has been found to be rigorous, but
the high cost of certification and lack of awareness among stakeholders
are major barriers to its widespread adoption.
- The GRIHA rating system has been found to be adaptable to different
building types and contexts, but there is a need for more research on its
effectiveness in different climatic zones.
 Overall, the literature review suggests that the GRIHA rating system
has made significant strides in promoting sustainable building
practices in India. However, there is a need for greater awareness
among stakeholders and a more affordable certification process to
further promote its adoption. Further research is also needed to
evaluate its effectiveness in different contexts and building types.

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CHAPTER 4:
REASERCH CRITERIA

 The GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) rating
system is a comprehensive tool that evaluates the environmental
performance of buildings and habitats in India. The system was developed
by the Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) and is recognized by the
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy in India.
 The GRIHA rating system is based on various criteria that cover different
aspects of a building's sustainability performance. These criteria are divided
into several categories, including site selection and planning, water
conservation, energy conservation, materials, waste management, and
indoor environmental quality.
 Each category is further divided into sub-criteria that focus on specific
aspects of sustainability performance. For example, the energy conservation
category includes criteria related to energy efficiency, renewable energy
use, and HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) system design.
 One of the key strengths of the GRIHA rating system is its comprehensive
approach to sustainability assessment. By evaluating various aspects of a
building's sustainability performance, the GRIHA rating system provides a
holistic understanding of its environmental impact.
 Another strength of the GRIHA rating system is its focus on local context.
The system takes into account local climate conditions, resource
availability, and cultural factors when evaluating sustainability
performance. This approach ensures that buildings are designed and
operated in a manner that is suitable for their specific context.
 However, one potential limitation of the GRIHA rating system is its

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complexity. The system includes numerous criteria and sub-criteria, which
can make it challenging for stakeholders to understand and implement.
Additionally, the GRIHA rating system may require significant data
collection and analysis, which can be time-consuming and expensive.
 Overall, the GRIHA rating system is a useful tool for evaluating the
sustainability performance of buildings and habitats in India. Its
comprehensive approach and focus on local context make it well-suited
for the Indian context, and it has the potential to drive sustainable building
practices in the country.
 The GRIHA rating system is based on a set of criteria that covers various
aspects of building design, construction, and operation. These criteria are
divided into 34 categories, which are further classified into four main
sections: Site Selection and Site Planning, Building Design and
Construction, Building Operation and Maintenance, and Innovation.
 The criteria in each category are designed to assess the environmental
performance of the building project, based on factors such as energy
efficiency, water conservation, waste management, indoor air quality, and
the use of sustainable materials. The criteria are also designed to take into
account the local climatic and environmental conditions, as well as the
social and cultural context of the project.
 Overall, the GRIHA rating system provides a comprehensive framework
for assessing the environmental performance of building projects in India.
The criteria are based on sound scientific principles and are designed to
promote sustainable practices in the building sector. However, as with any
rating system, there may be limitations and areas for improvement, and
ongoing research and evaluation of the system will be necessary to ensure

its continued effectiveness.
CHAPTER 5:
RATING PROCESS

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1. Feasibility check –
As a first step, the owner/ maintenance team / project team is responsible for
checking the facilities & housekeeping. They are required to check if their
project is eligible for a GRIHA for Existing Buildings rating with the help
of the online feasibility check calculator available on the GRIHA website.
The project must meet the mandatory clauses in order to be eligible for the
GRIHA for Existing Buildings rating. Based on the information provided by
the project proponent, the calculator gives anticipated level of rating. The
rating level achieved in the feasibility check is just an indication, and rating
shall be awarded once the project gets registered and submitted documents
are evaluated and verified by GRIHA Council.
2. Registration
The successful completion of feasibility check enables project proponent to
register the project under Existing Building category on the GRIHA
Council’s website by filing expression of interest (EOI) available on GRIHA
website. Once the project is registered, the project proponent shall be
provided with username and password for documentation on online panel.
3. Orientation workshop –
The registration is followed by an orientation workshop conducted by
GRIHA Council. The intent of this workshop is to provide detailed
information of existing building rating covering all criteria and to address
specific queries of project proponent on the certification process
4. Submission of documents –
Post the orientation workshop, the project proponent must submit the
documents for all criteria on the online panel by using the username and
password provided during registration
5. Preliminary evaluation –
After online submission of documents, the preliminary evaluation is carried
out by a team of professionals and experts from GRIHA Council. The
documentation must be complete in all respects for all attempted criteria.

Any attempted criteria with incomplete documentation shall not be
evaluated. Online calculators provided for specific criteria needs to be filled
in and submitted. The GRIHA Council professionals first review compliance
of the project with the mandatory criteria and reject the project in the event
of noncompliance with such criteria. The GRIHA
Council shall than evaluate the optional criteria and estimate the total
number of achievable points. A preliminary evaluation report shall be
submitted within 20–251 working days after document submission.
6. Due diligence site visit for verification –
A due diligence site visit must be performed by GRIHA Council to verify
the submitted documents as compared to the on-site implementation. The
due diligence report shall be submit within 7–10 (15 days) working days of
the site visit.
7. Final evaluation –
GRIHA Council evaluates documents submitted in response to preliminary
evaluation and due diligence report. On the basis of this evaluation, GRIHA
Council shall prepare a final score card within 20–252 working days after
the project team furnishes requested information sought during preliminary
evaluation and due diligence report.

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CHAPTER 6:
CRITERIA AND THEIR
WEIGHTAGE

 GRIHA for Existing Buildings rating is a performance-oriented system
where points are earned for meeting the intent (appraisals) of the criteria.
Each criterion has a number of points assigned to it. Compliances, as
specified in the relevant criterion, have to be submitted in the prescribed
format. While the intent of some of the criteria is self-validating in nature,
there are others, such as energy consumption, thermal and visual comfort,
noise control, and indoor pollution levels, which need to be validated on-
site through performance monitoring.
 The points related to these criteria (specified under the relevant sections)
are awarded after verification through monitoring, validation, and
documents/photographs to support the award of point. GRIHA for
Existing Buildings rating system is a 100 point system consisting of 12
criteria categorized under seven sections such as Site Parameters,
Maintenance & Housekeeping, Energy, Water, Human Health &
Comfort, Social Aspects, and Bonus points. Six of these 12 criteria are
mandatory, while the rest are optional. Each criterion, except from the six
mandatory criteria, has a number of points assigned to it. It means that a
project intending to meet the criterion would qualify for the points.
Different levels of certification (one star to five stars) are awarded based
on the number of points earned. The minimum points required for
certification is 25.
 Eligibility
 All operational buildings having a built-up area greater than 2,500 sq. m.
are eligible for certification under GRIHA for Existing Buildings rating.
The typology of buildings include: offices, retail spaces, institutional
buildings, hotels, hospital buildings, healthcare facilities, residences, and
multi-family high-rise buildings.

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List of criteria and points for GRIHA
Criteria Points
Criteria 1 Site Selection 1 partly mandatory
Criteria 2 Preserve and protect landscape during
construction /compensatory depository
forestation.
5 partly mandatory
Criteria 3 Soil conservation (post construction) 4
Criteria 4 Design to include existing site features 2 mandatory
Criteria 5 Reduce hard paving on site 2 partly mandatory
Criteria 6 Enhance outdoor lighting system
efficiency and use RE system for
meeting outdoor lighting requirement
3
Criteria 7 Provide ,at least, minimum level of
sanitation/safety facilities for
construction workers
3
Criteria 8 Plan utilities efficiently and optimise on
site circulation efficiency
2 mandatory
Criteria 9 Reduce air pollution during construction 2 mandatory
Criteria 10 Reduce landscape water requirement 3
Criteria 11 Reduce building water use 2 mandatory
Criteria 12 Efficient water use during construction 1
Criteria 13 Optimise building design to reduce
conventional energy demand
6 mandatory
Criteria 14 Optimise energy performance of
building within specified comfort
12

Criteria 15 Utilisation of fly ash in building
structure
6
Criteria 16 Reduce volume, weight and time of
construction by adopting efficient
technology (e.g. pre-cast systems,
ready-mix concrete, etc.)
4
Criteria 17 Use low-energy material in interiors 4
Criteria 18 Renewable energy utilization 5 partly mandatory
Criteria 19 Renewable energy based hot water
system
3
Criteria 20 Waste water treatment 2
Criteria 21 Water re-cycle and re-use (including
rainwater)
5
Criteria 22 Reduction in waste during construction 2
Criteria 23 Efficient waste segregation 2
Criteria 24 Storage and disposal of waste 2
Criteria 25 Resource recovery from waste 2
Criteria 26 Use of low VOC paints/ adhesives/
sealants.
4
Criteria 27 Minimize Ozone depleting substances 3 mandatory
Criteria 28 Ensure water quality 2 mandatory
Criteria 29 Acceptable outdoor and indoor noise
levels
2
Criteria 30 Tobacco and smoke control 1
Criteria 31 Universal Accessibility 1
Criteria 32 Energy audit and validation mandatory
Criteria 33 Energy audit and validation 2 mandatory
Total Score 100
Criteria 34 Innovation site to design, construction,
operation, maintenance, renewal and
deconstruction.
4
104

 The GRIHA rating system methodology is based on a point-based system,
where buildings earn points for meeting specific criteria in each category.
The total number of points determines the building's overall rating, which
ranges from one to five stars. The system also provides feedback to
building owners and designers on areas where they can improve the
building's sustainability.
 One of the strengths of the GRIHA rating system is its comprehensive
approach to sustainability. It evaluates buildings based on a wide range of
factors, including site selection, passive solar design, water-efficient
fixtures, and renewable energy sources. This approach ensures that
buildings are evaluated on their overall sustainability, rather than just one
aspect of it.
 Another strength of the GRIHA rating system is its focus on local
conditions. The system is designed to be adaptable to local climate,
geography, and cultural preferences. This approach ensures that buildings
are evaluated based on their ability to respond to local environmental
conditions and user needs.
 However, there are some potential limitations to the GRIHA rating system.
One limitation is that it is voluntary, so not all buildings in India may
participate in the program. Additionally, the system may be complex and
time-consuming to navigate, which could discourage some building
owners and designers from participating.
 Overall, the GRIHA rating system methodology is a comprehensive and
adaptable tool for evaluating the sustainability of buildings in India. While
there are some limitations to the system, it provides valuable feedback to
building owners and designers on areas where they can improve their
building's sustainability.

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 The methodology used by GRIHA rating system is comprehensive and
covers various aspects of sustainability, including site selection, water
conservation, energy efficiency, materials and resources, indoor
environmental quality, and innovation.
 The GRIHA rating system is based on a points-based approach, where
buildings are awarded points based on their performance in different
sustainability criteria. The rating system is divided into 34 criteria, which
are further divided into sub-criteria. The sub-criteria are scored based on a
predefined matrix, and the points earned for each sub-criterion are
aggregated to determine the final score.
 One of the strengths of the GRIHA rating system is that it takes into
account the local context and climatic conditions, which makes it relevant
for India's diverse climatic zones. The rating system also provides
guidelines and recommendations for improvement, which can help
building owners and designers to identify areas for improvement and make
sustainable design decisions.
 However, one of the limitations of the GRIHA rating system is that it is
voluntary and not mandatory, which means that only a limited number of
buildings have been rated. Additionally, the rating system does not have a
mechanism for ongoing monitoring and evaluation, which can limit its
effectiveness in promoting sustainability over the long term.
 Overall, the GRIHA rating system methodology is a useful tool for
promoting sustainable building design and construction in India. However,
further efforts are needed to increase awareness and adoption of the rating
system and to improve its effectiveness in promoting sustainability over
the long term.

Chapter no 8
Details of design working and processes

15
 GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) is a green
building rating system developed by the Government of India's Ministry of
New and Renewable Energy. It evaluates the environmental performance
of buildings in India, based on various parameters such as site selection
and planning, energy efficiency, water conservation, waste management,
and use of sustainable materials. Here are some details about the design,
working, and process of GRIHA:
 Design:
The GRIHA rating system is designed to promote the adoption of
sustainable practices in the building sector in India. It is based on a set of
criteria and performance indicators that evaluate the environmental impact
of buildings, and provide a rating on a scale of 1 to 5 stars. The criteria
cover various aspects of sustainable building design, construction, and
operation, and are grouped into various categories such as site selection
and planning, water conservation, energy efficiency, etc.
 Working:
GRIHA rating system evaluates the environmental performance of
buildings based on various parameters such as site selection and planning,
energy efficiency, water conservation, waste management, and use of
sustainable materials. The rating system consists of two stages, Pre-
certification stage and Rating stage. In the Pre-certification stage, a project
can apply for a provisional rating based on the design stage of the project.
This stage ensures that the project complies with the minimum criteria of
GRIHA. In the Rating stage, the project can apply for a final rating based
on the actual performance of the building after it has been constructed and
is operational.
 Process:
The process of obtaining a GRIHA rating involves the following steps:

i. Registration:
The first step is to register the project with GRIHA Council by filling out
the registration form and submitting it along with the required documents.
ii. Pre-certification Stage:
In this stage, the project team needs to provide the necessary information
and documents for the evaluation of the design of the building. Based on
the evaluation, the project will be given a provisional rating.
iii. Construction Stage:
During the construction stage, the project team needs to provide regular
updates and documents to GRIHA Council.
iv. Final Rating:
After the construction is complete, the project team needs to submit the
necessary documents for the final evaluation of the building's performance.
Based on the evaluation, the project will be given a final rating.
v. Certification:
If the project meets the minimum criteria and achieves a minimum of 30
points, it will be awarded a GRIHA rating, which will be valid for a period
of 5 years.
 In conclusion, GRIHA is a comprehensive green building rating system
that evaluates the environmental performance of buildings based on
various parameters. It is designed to promote sustainable practices in the
building sector in India and has a well-defined process for rating buildings
based on their design and actual performance.

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The Green Building Movement - Over the Years
No Criteria 2001 Till Date
1
CEOs & senior people
involved
50 ≈ 2000
2
No. of professionals
trained on LEED rating
10 ≈ 3000
3
No. of registered LEED
Green Buildings
1 140
4 Built – in Area (sq.ft)
0 67million
5 Green Building products
& equipments
5 50
6 IGBC Membership 0 141

Green Building vs. Conventional Building
 Externally : both
look alike
 Building Use : both
are same
 Differences
Concern for human comfort & indoor
environment

15
 World Class Standards & Procedures
 Building Energy Consumption
5%
Break-up of energy consumption in a
building
%
57
16%
22%
Air Conditioning Area Lights
Mis Equipment Ventilation fans

Cooling Load Components
A Break Up Of The Heat Gain Through Various
Building Components
WALL CONDUCTION
GLAZING CONDUCTION
INTERNAL GAINS (LIGHT,
PEOPLE,COMPUTERS) ROOF
CONDUCTION
Approach
1. Orientation
2. Envelope measures
Wall, Glazing, Fenestration, Shading,
Skylighting, Roof
3. Equipment & system
Chiller, VFD, Lighting
4. Controls

15
BMS, Temperature, Humidity
5. Commissioning
Additional commissioning ,M & V
1) Orientation

2) Envelop Measures
 Glass & glazing
How much glazing?
 High glazing
Tremendous daylighting
Heat ingress
 Need to balance
 High performance
glass & glazing
Low U-value
low Shading Coefficient
High VLT (Visual Light Transmittance)
Heat Flows Through Windows

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Saving potential 3-8 %
Insulation Materials-Relative U-values

Glass wool stuffed
U value :0.25 W/m2 deg C
(150 mm thick)
Thermocol
U-Value: 0.3 W/m2 (100 mm)
Extruded Polysterene
U-Value : 0.028 W/m2 (60 mm)
Roof Insulation

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3-8 % DEPENDING ON EXTENT OF ROOF
1: Reinforced concrete
2: Separation layer
3: Insulation
4: Water proof membrane
5: Screed
6: Concrete roof deck

Wall Insulation
External or
Internal
Internal if brick
exterior required
Saving potential
3 – 8 %
1: Cement plaster / Gypsum wall board
2: Insulation
3: Brick or concrete wall
4: Interior gypsum or plaster
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks

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AAC blocks
 Composed of fly ash, cement, lime, Aluminum powder and
water
Unique properties
 Low U value: 0.67 W/m2 o
k
 Reduction in temp possible
: 4-5o
C
Economic Benefits
 15-20% savings in A/c
Load
Savings in Cement
Benefits Experienced in LEED Rated Buildings
 3 LEED Platinum Buildings monitored to validate tangible
benefits
 Benefits far exceeding the initial estimates

Sq.ft Normal
Building
(kWh)
Actual
Building
(kWh)
%
Reduction
Annual
Energy
Savings
(Rs in
Lakhs)
Wipro 1,75,000 48,00,000 31,00,000 40% 102
ITC 1,70,000 35,00,000 20,00,000 45% 90
CII Godrej
GBC
20,000 3,50,000 1,30,000 63% 9
Energy consumption depends on
 Local climate, Density of occupancy, Occupancy schedule,
Orientation of the building, Internal loads
Reduce Building Water Use
Water closet – Duel flush (6 lit.) & Half (3 lit.)
Sensor Based urinals/ water less urinals
Efficient flow & Plumbing Fixture
 Pressure reducing device
 Water Conserving shower heads.
Efficient water used during construction
 Use of Ready mix Concrete

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Efficient Curing system
WASTE MANAGEMENT
• Reduction in waste during construction
• Efficient waste segregation
• Storage and disposal of waste.
• Resources recovery from waste.
RAIN WATER HARVESTING
• Area water harvesting .
• Roof water harvesting.
• Bore well recharge
GREEN BUILDING -RATING
By - GRIHA: (Green Rating For Integrated HabitatAssessment)Points scored
Rating
• 50–60 One star
• 61–70 Two stars
• 71–80 Three stars
• 81–90 Four stars
• 91–100 Five stars.
-LEED : (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)

CHAPTER 9 :
REFERENCE AND
BIBLIOGRAPHY

15
1. [Rajendra Malur (2012). "Green Building Concept & Noms CPWD
Work Masal, Chapier-2, PP 1-30
2. Haharuddin Ramli Rahim, (2012). "Energy Efficiency Comparison
between neonship & LEEIT" This paper was presented in
Hasanuddin University, Makassar Indonesia. P.PB5-43.
3. Muhd Abd Wallium 1. Ervumo, Dewi Clocistian & Agus Radio,
(2014) "Gron Construction Assessment Model For Emproving
Sustainably Practices Of The Indonesian Government Construction
Projects This paper was presented in Green Construction assent
unde for improving.sustainable practices of Indonesia, Goverment
construction projects. Indonesu. PPI-122
4. Retno Rahardjati. Dr. Mohd. Faris Khandi & Ap. Dr. Arazi Idrus,
(2011). "Green Building Rating System The Need of Materal
Resources Cristia in Green Building Assessment". This paper was
presented in international conference on environmental science &
technology. PICBER Value No Singapore P.P148-151
5. Njo Anastasin, (2013) The Way in Lincourage tireen Huilding in
Indonesia" This paper was presented in Chriman University:
Surabaya, Indonesia. PP1 14
6. Aden Findus (2012) "Identification of the Greenship Professional
Competence on Green Building Project". P.P.1-4
7. Richard Red Anita Belos, Sara Wilkinson & Karl-Wemer Schule,
(2009), "Identification of the Orenship Professional Competence
Green Building. Project Volume Na. 1.PP1-22
8. Lerry Pintardi Chandra & Paulus Nugraha, (2014). "Perceptions of
Contractors de Consultants soward Application of Greenship Rating
Tools on Apartment Buildings in Surabaya" IPTEK, the Socmal for
Technology & Science Volume 25, P.P.16

15
The finding of this study provides valuable insight for perceptions of
contractors toward Greenship rating tools on apartment building in
Chikhali, Ravet. Punawale, Pimpri-Chinchwad. Since contractors such as
primary project stakeholders play an important role in the Greenship
building,
It is therefore essential to know their perceptions toward eight aspects of
Greenship rating tools. As a results, the aim of this study can be identified
by obtaining the factors that would easily.
According to the contractor's perceptions; some factors that would easily
to be applied are accessibility to public area, daylight, rain water usage,
local material. Visual comfort, operating and maintenance cost, soil
conservation. Then, based on the perceptions consultants, these factors are
sate landscaping, daylight, reduce water usage, local material, smoke
monitoring system, CO, pollution, protect health occupant Starting with
the project first step that we took was we prepared one questionary survey
form. •
For the purpose of project related survey we had visited about 30 buildings,
from which 20 of them supported the concept and also help us by giving
us the information in short and also filled the form that we had prepared
from this survey we also got to know that how many buildings are
implementing for GRIHA certification, and also about how much energy
is consumed.
A green building depletes very little of the natural resources during to its
construction and operation. The aim of a green building design is to
minimize the demand on non-renewable resources and maximize the
utilization efficiency of these resources when in use and maximize
utilization of renewable resources.
REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
a) Buildings represent a large part of energy, electricity, water and materials

consumption. As of 2020, they account for 37% of global energy use and
energy-related CO2 emissions, which the United Nations estimate
contributed to 33% of overall worldwide emissions. Including the
manufacturing of building materials, the global CO2 emissions were 39%.
If new technologies in construction are not adopted during this time of
b) rapid growth, emissions could double by 2050, according to the United
Nations Environment Program.
c) Green building practices aim to reduce the environmental impact of
building as the building sector has the greatest potential to deliver
significant cuts in emissions at little or no cost. .
d) General guidelines can be summarized as follows: Every building should
be as small as possible. Avoid contributing to sprawl, even if the most
energy-efficient, environmentally sound methods are used in design and
construction. Bioclimatic design principles are able to reduce energy
expenditure and by extension, carbon emissions.
e) Bioclimatic design is a method of designing infrastructure within the
context of their respective environment while using the surroundings to
advantage whenever possible. This could be as simple as constructing a
different shape for the building envelope or facing the building towards
the south to maximize solar exposure for energy or lighting purposes.
f) Given the limitations of city planned construction, bioclimatic principles
may be employed on a lesser scale, however it is still an effective passive
method to reduce environmental impact.
 The Griha Rating System is a comprehensive and holistic green building
rating system developed in India that promotes sustainable architecture
and design.
In conclusion, the Griha Rating System is a valuable tool for architects,
builders, and developers looking to create sustainable and
environmentally friendly buildings. The system considers a wide range of
factors, including energy efficiency, water conservation, waste
management, and indoor air quality, among others.
By incentivizing the adoption of sustainable building practices and
promoting the use of renewable resources, the Griha Rating System can
help reduce the environmental impact of buildings and create healthier

15
and more livable spaces for occupants.
 Overall, the Griha Rating System is an important contribution to the
global movement towards sustainable building and design, and it is worth
considering for any construction project in India or other regions with
similar environmental and social concerns.

TABLE NO 1
1.1 CRITERIA AND THEIR WEIGHTAGE
Table 1: Criteria and their weightage
Section Criterion Name Intent Max. Points
Section I. Site
Parameters
Criterion 1 Accessibility to
Basic Services
Promote walking, cycling, and public
transport
2
Criterion 2 Microclimatic
Impact
Lower the impact of Urban Heat Island
Effect (UHIE), and promote plantation of
trees
4
Section II.
Maintenance &
Housekeeping
Criterion 3
Maintenance, Green
Procurement and Waste
Management
Ensure good practices for safety, waste
management, and green procurement
7
Criterion 4 Metering &
Monitoring Promote reliable metering and monitoring 10
Section III.
Energy
Criterion 5
Energy Efficiency
Ensure energy efficiency 20
Criterion 6 Renewable
Energy Utilization Promote use of renewable energy 15
Section IV.
Water
Criterion 7
Water Footprint
Implement potential water conservation
strategies 15
Criterion 8
Reduction in Cumulative
Water Performance
Reduce overall water demand of the habitat 10
Section V.
Human Health &
Comfort
Criterion 9
Achieving Indoor Comfort
Requirements
Ensure that building spaces provide for
thermal, visual, and acoustical comfort
8
Criterion 10
Maintaining Good IAQ
Ensure good indoor air quality 4
Section VI.
Social Aspects
Criterion 11
Universal Accessibility &
Environmental Awareness
Promote accessibility for the persons who are
differently-abled & the elderly and to
increase environmental awareness amongst
the building users &
visitors
5

15
Section VII.
Bonus Points
Criterion 12
Bonus Points
Adoption and implementation of innovative
strategies in improving the sustainability of
the project
4
TABLE NO 2

2.1 SITE PARAMETERS
Table 2:
Site parameters section criteria

15
TABLE NO 3
3.1 MAINTENANCE & HOUSEKEEPING
Table 3 Maintenance & housekeeping section criteria
:

TABLE NO 4
4.1 CASE STUDY
Case Studies
VVIP Circuit House ---GRIHA RATING
..achieved
Collector office Pune
..achieved

Lawn cutting and Replanting
Preservation of Landscape

15
Shading Devices..Vertical fins

Salvage stone
Reuse of Material

15
Barriers..To reduce Air pollution

Preservation of Existing trees

15
REFERENCES
1) .www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_technology
2) http://in.usgbc.org/leed US green building council.
3) http://www.industrialgreenchem.com/pdf- docs/industrial-green-
chemistry-initiatives-in- india.pdf
4) green chemistry and environmentally friendly technology
5) www.hessen-nanotech.de/mm/nanoenergy_web.pdf
6) http://mnre.gov.in/file- manager/UserFiles/biofuel_policy.pdf
7) Allenby, B. R., Rejeski, D., 2009. The industrial ecology of
emerging technologies. Journal of industrial ecology. 12(3),
267-270.

8) Bartlett, A., 2002. ICT and IPM: The FAO Programme for
Community IPM in Asia.
9) Bartlett, A., 2005. Farmer Field School Management in Asia:
The FAO Experience. to Promote Integrated Pest
10) BCSE 2004. Increasing Access in Developing Countries. The
Business Council for Sustainable Energy. USAID, Washington,
D.C.

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