Physiotherapy involves treating and preventing disease through physical means like exercise, heat, electricity and massage rather than drugs or surgery. Physiotherapists examine patients to diagnose issues, develop treatment plans, and provide independent or team-based care. They are subject to ethical guidelines like respecting patient rights and providing competent services. Electrotherapy is a type of physiotherapy that uses electrical currents, including techniques like TENS, IFT and Russian stimulation to treat patients.

1. Sreeraj S R
Dr Sreeraj S R, Ph.D

2. Sreeraj S R
• Treatment through external forces.
• Physiotherapy is a healthcare profession that
assesses, diagnoses, treats, and works to prevent
disease and disability through physical means such as
exercise, heat, electricity, sound wave and massage
rather than by drugs or surgery.
https://tinyurl.com/xfvjecvs

3. Sreeraj S R
• Physical therapists undertake an examination/assessment to
make clinical judgments formulate a diagnosis, prognosis, plan
and implement a physical therapy intervention/treatment
program.
• Physical therapists operate as independent practitioners, as
well as members of health service provider teams, and are
subject to the ethical principles of WCPT.
http://www.wcpt.org/what-is-physical-therapy
http://www.wcpt.org/policy/ps-descriptionPT#_ftn1

4. Sreeraj S R
Physiotherapists;
1. Respect the rights and dignity of all individuals.
2. Comply with the laws and regulations governing the practice of physical
therapy in the country in which they practise.
3. Accept responsibility for the exercise of sound judgement.
4. Provide honest, competent and accountable professional services.
5. Are committed to providing quality services.
6. Are entitled to a just and fair level of remuneration for their services.
7. Provide accurate information to patients/clients, other agencies and the
community about physical therapy and about the services physical
therapists provide.
8. Contribute to the planning and development of services that address the
health needs of the community.

5. Sreeraj S R
• Medical therapy using electric currents. Also
called electrotherapeutics.
• Electrotherapy, also electro physical agents (EPA) are
any forms of treatment or assessment conducted
using an electro physical agent which can be applied
externally to the human body.2
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/electrotherapy
Robertson V, Ward A, Low J, Reed A. Electrotherapy Explained. 4th edition. Elsevier; 2006. p.2

6. Sreeraj S R
https://tinyurl.com/4s5jtwx5
Electrical Agents Thermal Agents Non-Thermal Agents
NMES IRR Pulsed Ultrasound
TENS SWD PSWT
IFT MWD LLLT/LILT
HVPGS Hydrocollator Packs Pulsed Microwave Therapy
Russian Stimulation Wax Therapy
Dia-dynamic Therapy Therapeutic Ultrasound
MCT Cryotherapy

7. Sreeraj S R
• I BPTh Electrotherapy Exam Template.doc
• BPTh Electro Practical Marksheet- I - 2012.pdf
• Check list for Cryotherapy.doc

8. Sreeraj S R
Journal Based on assignments of practical topics on models:
Technique & Methods of Application on Motor point
stimulation, Faradism Under Pressure, Faradic Foot Bath, SD
curve, Medium Frequency and High Frequency currents etc.
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9. Sreeraj S R
1. Electrotherapy explained, 4th edition, Low & Reed
2. Clayton’s Electotherapy, Theory and Practice. Angela Forster. 9th Ed.
3. Clayton’s electrotherapy, 10th edition, Sheila Kitchen
4. Textbook of Electrotherapy, Jagmohan Singh.
5. Physical Agents in Rehabilitation, From Research to Practice, Michelle H.
Cameron

10. Sreeraj S R
1. Biophysical Basis of Electrotherapy, Alex J Ward
2. Handbook of practical electrotherapy, Pushpal Kumar Mitra,
3. Electrotherapy : Evidence Based Practice, Tim Watson
4. Principles and Practice of Electrotherapy. Joseph Kahn.
5. Thermal Agents in Rehabilitation. Susan L. Michlovitz.
6. Therapeutic modalities for physical therapists by William E Prentice
7. Clinical Electrotherapy by Roger Nelson, Dean Currier
8. Modalities for Therapeutic Intervention: Contemporary Perspectives in
Rehabilitation by Susan Michlovitz, Thomas Nolan