1. Thanyamon C. 1

2. (Democritus)
“
(atom)
(atom) “
" "(atom)
"(atom) atomas
Thanyamon C. 2

3. (Sir
(Sir John Dalton)
“ ”
(Electrolysis)
sis)
Thanyamon C. 3

4. (Sir
(Sir John Dalton) ( )
1.
“ ”
2.
3. 1
-
Thanyamon C. 4

5. (Sir
(Sir Joseph John Thomson)
( Cation )
Thanyamon C. 5

6. (Sir
(Sir Joseph John Thomson) ( )
(e/m)
(e/m)
e/m
“ ” (electron) 1.76 /
Thanyamon C. 6

7. (Eugen
(Eugen Goldstein)
(Anion)
(Anion)
“ ” (proton)
Thanyamon C. 7

8. (Robert
(Robert A. Milligan)
“ ”
( ) ( )
Proton 1.66 x 10-24 1.6 x 10-19
Electron 9.1 x 10-28 -1.6 x 10-19
Thanyamon C. 8

9. - + -
+ +
- - + -
-
+ +
+ - +
- -
+ - +
Thanyamon C. 9

10. (Lord
(Lord Ernest Rutherford)
(α, )
•
•
•
Thanyamon C. 10

11. (Lord
(Lord Ernest Rutherford) ( )
•
•
•
Thanyamon C. 11

12. -
-
++
++
-
-
Thanyamon C. 12

13. (Niel
(Niels Bohr)
765 4 3 2 1 K L MNOPQ
K (K shell)
LMN…
n
123…
Thanyamon C. 13

14. Thanyamon C. 14

15. (Sir James Chadwick)
Chadwick)
(α)
(Neutron)
(Neutron)
Thanyamon C. 15

16. Hydrogen H 1 - 1
Helium He 2 2 2
Lithium Li 3 4 3
Beryllium Be 4 5 4
Boron B 5 6 5
Carbon C 6 6 6
Nitrogen N 7 7 7
Oxygen O 8 8 8
Thanyamon C. 16

17. (Atomic
(Atomic mass) A
A
Z X
(Atomic
(Atomic number) Z
Thanyamon C. 17

18. ( )
Isotopes
12C 13C
6 6
Isotones
12C 11 B
6 5
Isobars
12C 12 B
6 5
= -
( ) P+ = e-
Thanyamon C. 18

19. n
765 4 3 2 1 K L MNOPQ
n=1 e- 2
n=2 e- 8
n=3 e- 18
Valence electron e-
2n2
Thanyamon C. 19

20. (Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev)
(periodic
(periodic table)
Thanyamon C. 20

21. Thanyamon C. 21

22. A
B
Thanyamon C. 22

23. !!!
. . .
1. F Cl Br .
2. Na Al P .
3. K P O .
Thanyamon C. 23

24. !!!
1. Cs 1.
2. C 2.
3. I 3.
4. Kr 4.
5. Xe 5.
6. Pb 6.
Thanyamon C. 24

25. 2 8 18 32
“ ”
Thanyamon C. 25

26. Ca 20
2882
2 4
In 49
2 8 18 18 3
3 5
Thanyamon C. 26

27. !!!
X 35
2 8 18 7
7 4
Y 87
2 8 18 32 18 8 1
1 7
Z 6 5
2 8 18 18 6
Thanyamon C. 27

28. !!!
60 2 8 18 32
60 2 8 18 18
2 8 18 32 60
Thanyamon C. 28

29. (Transition)
(Transition)
( Hg )
(KMnO
(KMnO4) MnO
, MnO2 ,
MnCl
MnCl2
Thanyamon C. 29

30. !! ( )
e- ( e-
) “ 1,
2 3 e- 8“
e-
8
( 8)
Thanyamon C. 30

31. Thanyamon C. 31

32. Thanyamon C. 32

33. e- p+
“ ”
Thanyamon C. 33

34. (Coval
(Covalent bond)
–
( e- )
( )
3 8
Thanyamon C. 34

35. Thanyamon C. 35

36. Thanyamon C. 36

37. (Ionic
(Ionic bond)
–
e-
e- e-
ion
e- ( ) ion +
e- ( ) ion –
Thanyamon C. 37

38. (Ionic
(Ionic bond) ( )
ion + ion –
e-
Na+ Cl-
Thanyamon C. 38

39. (Ionic
(Ionic bond)
Thanyamon C. 39

40. (Metal
(Metallic bond)
–
+ e-
e-
Thanyamon C. 40

41. (Metal
(Metallic bond)
Thanyamon C. 41

42. ( )
3
Thanyamon C. 42

43. Thanyamon C. 43