This document discusses different types of lighting and sound techniques used in filmmaking. It describes various lighting setups like ambient light, back light, and color gels that can be used to illuminate scenes or distort lighting for artistic purposes. It also discusses sound bridging, parallel/contrappuntal sound, diegetic sound from within the scene, and non-diegetic sound added during editing. The document provides definitions and examples of these various cinematic lighting and sound techniques.

1. Different types of
lighting and sound
By Solyanna Keflom

2. Aims of Lighting

3. Ambient Light
• The general (and often undesirable)
Illumination surrounding the shooting or
projection area; not exactly the same as
Available Light or Natural Light

4. Back Light
• Back Light separates subject from
background, saints from sinners, and one pro
from another. Angle: toward the lens from
above and behind the subject, or
above, behind, and slightly to the side of
it, high enough to cut lens Flare. It is especially
helpful for video images that may suffer loss-
of-edge contrast.

5. Colour Distortion, Colouring Light
• Gels not only correct the colour of light
sources relative to one another or the
film, they can also be used to distort light for
dramatic or artistic purposes.

6. Composition, Mise-en-scene
An arrangement of visual elements in the
Frame; the path followed by the eye while
viewing an image. Film and video composition
exists in time and may change during the shot as
well as through the cut or dissolve between
shots.

7. Eye Line
Where the subject looks: Profile, close to the
lens, at the lens, up, down or anywhere else,
affects the Intensity, Mood, and credibility of the
scene and the lighting.

8. SOUND BRIDGES
• Often the sound from one scene will continue
into or over the next
scene – the images we see change but the
sound is still from the
previous scenes. More often, we hear the
sound from the next
sequence BEFORE we see the relevant images.

9. PARALLEL AND CONTRAPUNTAL
SOUND
• When watching a film, the sound we hear
usually complements
what we see – happy sounds for happy
images, exciting music for
exciting scenes – sad music at sad moments

10. DIEGETIC SOUND
• This is literally sounds with the frame of the
scene that you are watching e.g. dialogue

11. NON-DIEGETIC SOUND
• Sound that is usually added on after the scene
is already done i.e. backing track. This is
usually done during editing after the scene
has been completed.

12. Courtesy of…
Slides 1-5:
http://www.lowel.com/edu/glossary/
• Slides 8-12
• http://www.scribd.com/doc/8332956/Sound-
in-Film