Individuals at the upper end of the skill range in any occupational group are known as professional level persons and their occupations are referred to as professions. The concepts of equality, freedom, free speech, freedom of religion, and due process under the law are very strong value positions defined in the Constitution. These values must be considered paramount and inviolable in any profession. Integrity is the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral uprightness. It is generally a personal choice to uphold oneself to consistently moral and ethical standards.

1. 1
ETHICSETHICS
ANDAND
PROFESSIONALISMPROFESSIONALISM
Er. Satya Narayan Shah
B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering (India)
MS in Manufacturing Engineering & Management (UK)
Email: er.snshah@gmail.com
Cell : 9851004366
Welcome to Ethics Session!
“The reputation of a
h d ithousand years is
determined by the
conduct of one hour.”
– Japanese proverb
Professional
Individuals at the upper end of the skill
range in any occupational group are known
as professional level persons and theiras professional level persons and their
occupations are referred to as professions.
Doctors, Engineers, Scientists,
Architects, Lawyers, Journalists and
Chartered accountants are well known
examples of professionals.
PROFESSION
an occupation requiring special
education
The term profession is applied toThe term profession is applied to
those persons who have specialized
and technical skill or knowledge which
they apply, for a fee, to certain tasks
that ordinary and unqualified people
cannot ordinarily undertake.
Licensing
 Licensing is a state activity required of
those who provide certain types of services
directly to the public, such as Engineers,
Physicians, Lawyers.ys c a s, a ye s
 A professional engineer is an individual
who has been granted by a governmental
authority the right to use that title and to
offer professional engineering services to
the public.
1.Professional Expertise
Is indicated by the level of knowledge and skill
acquired through education, training and experience
assured basically through the examinations conducted
by the educational system and professional bodies.
2.Professionals Conducts
Public Concern
2.Professionals Conducts
Professional persons take independent decisions on
numerous technical issues assuming that such
decisions are taken with due diligence and integrity.
Undesirable conduct may result from either lack of
application of mind, i.e, negligence or carelessness, or
undue compromise on technical standards for reasons
not acceptable on technical, moral or legal grounds.

2. 2
Values
Values are concepts of the
desirable.
They are the “oughts” or
“shoulds” that guide our actions
Values and the Profession
The concepts of equality, freedom,
free speech, freedom of religion, and
due process under the law are very
strong value positions defined in the
Constitution.
These values must be considered
paramount and inviolable in any
profession.
An individual’s Basic
convictions of
What is “Right &
Wrong”
9
Integrity
Integrity is the quality of being honest and
having strong moral principles; moral
uprightness It is generally a personal choice
Employees in public service should not place
themselves under any financial or other
obligation to outside individuals or
organizations that might influence them in the
performance of their duties.
uprightness. It is generally a personal choice
to uphold oneself to consistently moral and
ethical standards.
Ideals and Principles
 The introduction is followed by a set of ideals that
reflect exemplary professional practice and by a
set of principles describing practices that are
required, prohibited, or permitted.
 The ideals reflect the aspirations of practitioners.
 The principles guide conduct and assist
practitioners in resolving ethical dilemmas.
 Both ideals and principles are intended to direct
practitioners to those questions which, when
responsibly answered, can provide the basis for
conscientious decision making.
Ethics
The embodiment of those
values that the person orvalues that the person or
organization feels are
important, and spell out
proper conduct and
appropriate action.

3. 3
ETHICS IS A PERSONALETHICS IS A PERSONAL
RESPONSIBILITYRESPONSIBILITY
“But who is responsible for increasing“But who is responsible for increasing
our ethical sensitivityour ethical sensitivity –– and how canand how can
they accomplish this?”they accomplish this?”
The responsibility rests first and foremostThe responsibility rests first and foremost
with us as individuals. Ethics is a personalwith us as individuals. Ethics is a personal
matter and we cannot pass the buck tomatter and we cannot pass the buck to
others. The individual must consciouslyothers. The individual must consciously
focus on ethical concerns.focus on ethical concerns.
Ethics in the Profession
Ethics is an academic discipline
dealing with right and wrong
behavior in the line of duty.
Ethics goes beyond rules andEthics goes beyond rules and
laws.
Ethics is an extension of a
concept of values and moral
behavior.
UNIVERSAL ETHICALUNIVERSAL ETHICAL PRINCIPALSPRINCIPALS
 HonestyHonesty
 IntegrityIntegrity
 PromisePromise--keepingkeeping
 Fidelity (Fidelity (The quality of being faithful)The quality of being faithful)
 FairnessFairness
 CaringCaring
 RespectRespect
 ResponsibilityResponsibility
 Striving for ExcellenceStriving for Excellence
 AccountabilityAccountability
ProfessionalismProfessionalism
 PrinciplesPrinciples
 RESPONSIBILITIESRESPONSIBILITIES
 Exercise sensitive professional and moralExercise sensitive professional and moral
judgment in their professional activitiesjudgment in their professional activities
 Public InterestPublic Interest
 Serve the public interestServe the public interest
 Honor the public trustHonor the public trust
 Demonstrate commitment to professionalismDemonstrate commitment to professionalism
 IntegrityIntegrity
 Maintain and broaden public confidenceMaintain and broaden public confidence
 Do what is right and just in the absence of rulesDo what is right and just in the absence of rules wwithith
highest sense of integrityhighest sense of integrity
Codes of EthicsCodes of Ethics
 Most professions have a Code of Ethics
 Engineers, Doctors, Lawyers, Certified Public
Accountants, Librarians, …
 Code of Ethics
 assists in deciding right and wrong
 aspirational
 Code of Conduct
 employee rules
 enforcement
CODE OF ETHICS
NEC

4. 4
NEC Code of Professional ConductNEC Code of Professional Conduct
The professional Code of Conduct
to be followed by the registered engineers
subject to the provision of
Nepal Engineering Council
Act, 2055 (1998)
and
Nepal Engineering Council
Regulation, 2057(2000)
Special Need for Ethical ConductSpecial Need for Ethical Conduct
in Professionsin Professions
Our society has attached a special meaningOur society has attached a special meaning
to the term professional.to the term professional.
A professional is expected to conductA professional is expected to conduct
himself or herself at a higher levelhimself or herself at a higher level
than most other members of society.than most other members of society.
Trustworthiness and a strong sense of ethicsTrustworthiness and a strong sense of ethics
are assets of the Professionals.are assets of the Professionals.
NEC Code of Professional ConductNEC Code of Professional Conduct
Engineering service/profession
Shall have to be conducted
in disciplined manner with1. Discipline
and
honesty :
in disciplined manner with
Honesty, subject to not contrary
to the professional dignity
and well-being .
NEC Code of Professional ConductNEC Code of Professional Conduct
In connection with the profession,
polite dealing shall be made with the
customers concerned with the
engineering services, and professional
information relating to the customers
2. Politeness
and secrecy g
shall not be given to others except with
the consent of the customers,
provided, however, that it shall not
be deemed to have been restricted to
submit such information to the
concerned authority as per the existing
laws.
and secrecy
NEC Code of Professional ConductNEC Code of Professional Conduct
No discrimination shall
be made among
customers on the
3. Non-
discrimina
tion
grounds of religion, race,
sex, caste or any other
things in the course of
applying professional
knowledge and skills.
NEC Code of Professional ConductNEC Code of Professional Conduct
Shall have to do professional works
or submit recommendation or
suggestions only within the area of
subject of study or obtained
knowledge or skills. With regard to
4. Shall have
to do only the
concerned g g
the works not falling within the
subject of one's profession,
recommendation of the works shall
be made to an expert of the subject
matter.
concerned
professional
work

5. 5
NEC Code of Professional ConductNEC Code of Professional Conduct
5. Not to do such
works,
which may
Except the salary,
allowance, and facilities to
be received for the services
provided, one shall noty
cause
harm to
engineering
profession :
p
obtain improper financial
benefit of any kind of
conduct improper activities
of any kind, which would
cause harm to engineering
profession.
NEC Code of Professional ConductNEC Code of Professional Conduct
One shall be
personally responsible
for all works performed
b hi i ti
6.
Personal
responsib
ility by him in connection
with the engineering
profession .
ility
NEC Code of Professional ConductNEC Code of Professional Conduct
While doing signature on the
documents or descriptions
like design, map,
specification and estimate,
7. State
name,
designation p
etc, relating to engineering
profession to be done, the
name, designation and
registration No. should be
stated clearly in
understandable manner.
g
and
registration
no
NEC Code of Professional ConductNEC Code of Professional Conduct
In connection with the
professional activities to be
done, no publicity or
advertisement shall be
8. No publicity
or advertisement shall be
made so as to cause
unnecessary effect upon the
customers.
advertisement
shall be made
which may
cause
unnecessary
effect
Legal ProvisionLegal Provision
Any stake holder mayAny stake holder may
lawsuit or intent tolawsuit or intent to
start a lawsuit against anystart a lawsuit against anystart a lawsuit against anystart a lawsuit against any
registered engineerregistered engineer
Who violates Acts, Regulations,Who violates Acts, Regulations,
and Code of Ethicsand Code of Ethics--
Rule 19 NEC Regulation 2057Rule 19 NEC Regulation 2057..
EVALUATING ETHICAL CHOICES
 Is the action you have arrived at one thatIs the action you have arrived at one that
lives up to your sense of moral integrity?lives up to your sense of moral integrity?
[Could I do this and still look at myself in the mirror][Could I do this and still look at myself in the mirror]
 Would it be the action chosen byWould it be the action chosen by
someone you consider a moral model?someone you consider a moral model?someone you consider a moral model?someone you consider a moral model?
[Could I feel good about telling my mother (father, minister, spiritual[Could I feel good about telling my mother (father, minister, spiritual
advisor, spouse, etc.) I took this action]advisor, spouse, etc.) I took this action]
 Would you be comfortable if the action orWould you be comfortable if the action or
its results were made public?its results were made public?
[What if this became headline news?][What if this became headline news?]

6. 6
Other Evaluative HelpsOther Evaluative Helps
 Is it Right ?Is it Right ?
 Is it Fair?Is it Fair?
 Who Gets Hurt?Who Gets Hurt?
 What would you tell your child to do?What would you tell your child to do?
 Is this action or decision I’m getting readyIs this action or decision I’m getting ready
to take compatible with my concept ofto take compatible with my concept of
myself at my BEST?myself at my BEST?
ASKING KEY QUESTIONSASKING KEY QUESTIONS
 What are the core values and beliefs of my organization?What are the core values and beliefs of my organization?
 Whose values, beliefs and interests may be at risk in thisWhose values, beliefs and interests may be at risk in this
decision?decision?
 Who will be harmed or helped by my decision or by theWho will be harmed or helped by my decision or by the
decision of my organization?decision of my organization?y gy g
 How will my own or my organization’s core values and beliefsHow will my own or my organization’s core values and beliefs
be affected or changed by this decision?be affected or changed by this decision?
 How will I and my organization be affected by this decisionHow will I and my organization be affected by this decision..
Ethical Dilemma
A moral conflict that involves
determining appropriate
conduct when an individualconduct when an individual
faces conflicting professional
values and responsibilities.
Ethical Choices (Dilemma)
What you find is that the tough ethical choices
are not between good and evil, but rather between
two goods:two goods:
 Truth versus Loyalty
 Individual versus Community
 Short-term versus Long-term
 Justice versus Mercy
Dilemma
 You are a health inspector with a
partnership interest in a local restaurant,
d i d fand are assigned to perform an
inspection of this same restaurant.
v Can you conduct the inspection? What
actions should you take?
Dilemma
 A state employee serves on the board of
directors for a non-profit organization. The
fi bid f hnon-profit bids on a contract from the
employee’s agency. The employee serves on
the review panel that will select the successful
contractor.
v Can the employee serve on the review panel
even though there is no personal benefit?

7. 7
Dilemma
 You supervise a contract with ABC
Technical Audits. ABC is sponsoring a
regional conference and tells you that if
you attend, ABC will waive your
conference fees.
v Can you accept the waiver of
conference fees?
Dilemma
 You send emails to your friend’s
home computer from your statehome computer from your state
computer regarding personal plans
for the weekend.
v Is this appropriate stewardship of
state resources?
Dilemma
You are a professor for a state university or
community college and a publisher sends you
a textbook for e aluation After completinga textbook for evaluation. After completing
your evaluation, you take the textbook home
and sell it to a friend for Rs. 2500.
Is this activity a violation of the Ethics in
Public Service Act?
Dilemma
 You enforce business license
requirements. You discover that a local
b i i h h i l lbusiness, with you have a private legal
dispute, is overdue in paying its taxes.
v What would you do?