Here I discussed some short questions for ethics course, hope its helpful; for someone.

1. WRITTEN BY
BY GHAYOOR
FUUAST ISLAMABAD
NAME: SAYED GHAYOOR ALI SHAH
DEPARTMENT: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
SUBJECT: E&LD

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By SAYED GHAYOOR ALISHAH
Electrical Engineer
Question No 1:
What are the qualities of self-confident people?
Answer:
Genuine, confident people tend to have good people skills. They make
others feel welcome and valued, they encourage their friends and colleagues to
be their best. They are also:
Good listeners
Treat everyone equal
Positive, see the good
Have more energy
Motivation to get things done
Don’t let anyone’s status affect them.
They’re focused
Have goals in life
Know what they want
Know their own strengths
Realize they deserve better
Know where they are going in life
Can deal with whatever life throws at them.
Question No 2:
What is meant by moral autonomy?
Answer:
Moral Autonomy is the philosophy which is self-governing or self-
determining, i.e., acting independently without the influence or distortion of
others. The moral autonomy relates to the individual ideas whether right or
wrong conductwhich is independent of ethical issues. The conceptof moral
autonomy helps in improving self-determination.
Moral Autonomy is concerned with independent attitude of a person related to
moral/ethical issues. This concept is found in moral, ethical and even in political philosophy.
Skills needed for Moral Autonomy:

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By SAYED GHAYOOR ALISHAH
Electrical Engineer
 Ability to relate the problems with the problems of law, economics
and religious principles
 Skill to process, clarify and understand the arguments against the
moral issues
 Ability to suggest the solutions to moral issues on the basis of facts
 Must have the imaginative skill to view the problems from all the
viewpoints
 Tolerance while giving moral judgment, which may cause trouble.
Question No 3:
What are the Ethical Codes?Write down the limitations and its
significance?
Answer:
Ethics codes are the elements that usually call the public servant to
a greater purpose. This is not a new phenomenon and can be found
throughout antiquity in the vast majority of cultures.
Ethical Codes are:
 Hippocratic Oath – 5th Century BC
 Nuremberg Code – 1948
 Declaration of Geneva – 1948
 Universal Declaration of Human Rights – 1948
 Helsinki Declaration – 1964
 InternationalCode of MedicalEthics
Professional Ethics Codes:
 Confidentiality
 Competence
 Professional Courtesy
 Trust
 Do No Harm
 Communication
 Privacy
 Integrity
 Teamwork
 Objectivity
 Consideration
 Growth

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By SAYED GHAYOOR ALISHAH
Electrical Engineer
Personal Codes of Ethics:
 Respect
 Loyalty
 Honesty
 Value of Life
 Pursue Peace
 Do not Steal
 Sustainable Living
 Care for the Vulnerable
 Benefit The Greater Good
Significance:
Codes of ethics increase the probability that people will behave in certain
ways. They do this partially by focusing on the character of their actions
and partly by focusing on sanctions for violations. In addition, reliance on
codes can reduce the sacrifice involved in an Ethical act.
Good ethics codes can focus public servants on actions that result in
doing the right things for the right reasons. Ethical behavior should
become a habit and effective codes allow both bureaucrats and elected
officials to test their actions against expected standards.
Codes of ethics do not take away one’s own moral autonomy or absolve
the public servant from the obligation to reason. Codes ofethics provide
at most a strong prima facie reason to act in a certain way. However,
these can be overridden by strong, reasoned objection.
Codes of ethics can function as a professional statement. That is it
expresses the public service’s commitments to a specific set of moral
standards. This has both cognitive and emotive value. Cognitively it gives
a personjoining a profession, civil service, a clear set of value to which
they are expected to subscribe.
Limitation:
Codes of ethics are broad guidelines, restricted to general phrases. The
codes cannot be applied directly to all situations.
Engineering codes often have internal conflicts, since serval entries in
codeoverlap with each other, which may result in moral dilemmas.
The codes cannotserve as the final moral authority for professional
conduct.

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By SAYED GHAYOOR ALISHAH
Electrical Engineer
Question No 4:
What are the issues in engineering ethics? Explicate…
Answer:
Following are the some main engineering issues:
Handling, Storing and disposing of hazardous (unsafe) materials
Accept gifts and amenities (services)
Conflict of interest
Reportfalsification and ethical misconduct
Social Obligations
Miscommunication between engineers and fabricators (Assemblers)
Engineering responsibilities versus management decisions
Safety negligence of subordinates
Accountability to clients and customers
Plagiarism (The practice of taking someone else’s work or ideas and
passing them off as one’s own).
Question No 5:
What are the roles, characteristics, and responsibilities of a professional? Also
write down the methods to resolve ethical Dilemma?
Answer:
Characteristics of Professional
ProfessionalAppearance:
Professionals should always striveforaprofessionalappearance,including
appropriateattireand properhygieneand grooming.
Reliable:
Professionals aredependableand keep their commitments.Theydowhattheysay
theywill do and don'toverpromise.
EthicalBehavior:
Embodyingprofessionalismalso meansto becommittedto doingtherightthing.
Honesty,opendisclosureand sincerityareallcharacteristicsofethicalbehavior.
Organized:
A professionalkeepstheirworkspaceneatand organizedsothattheycaneasilyfind
items when they need them.
Accountable:
Justas aprofessionalacceptscreditforhavingcompletedataskorachievedagoal,
theyalso are accountablefortheir actionswhentheyfail.
ProfessionalLanguage:
Peoplewho behavewithprofessionalismmonitoreveryareaoftheirbehavior,
including howtheytalk.
SeparatesPersonalsandProfessionals:
Professionals understandtheimportanceofseparatingtheirpersonallives fromtheir
professionallives.

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By SAYED GHAYOOR ALISHAH
Electrical Engineer
PositiveAttitude:
Partofbeinga professionalmeans maintaininga positive, can-doattitudewhile
working.
EmotionalControl:
Emotionalcontrolis anotherkeycharacteristicofprofessionalism. Professionals
understandtheimportanceofmaintaining their composureandstayingcalmin all
situations.
EffectiveTimeManagement:
An employeewho knows howto managetheirtime well is viewed bytheir peers as a
professional.
Focused:
A professionalis clearabout theirgoals and understandswhattheyneed to
accomplishto achievethem.
Poised:
Professionals should demonstratepoise, acalmand confidentstateofbeing.
RespectfulofOthers:
Professionals always treatotherswithrespect.
StrongCommunicator:
A professionalmusthavestrongcommunicationskills.
ProcessesSoftSkills:
Softskills arepersonalattributesthatallowsomeoneto interacteffectivelywith
others.
Responsibility of Professional
Legaland moraldutyofaprofessionalto applyhis or herknowledgein ways that
benefithis orher client, and thewider society, withoutcausinganyinjury to either.
Methods to Solve Dilemma
With any dilemma, there are basic steps you can take to resolve it:
1. Name the dilemma for yourself
2. Identify the interest you want to meet
3. Identify the assumptions embedded in the dilemma that keep the
needs from being met
4. Describe the dilemma to others. Jointly design challenges the
assumptions or make them irrelevant.
Question No 6:
How should software be protected in computer technology?
Answer:
Software protection refers to measures that can be taken by a software
developer to prevent unauthorized use of their software, enforcing their

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By SAYED GHAYOOR ALISHAH
Electrical Engineer
licensing agreement and using anti-decoying and anti-reverse engineering
techniques to protecttheir intellectual property.
Question No 6:
How you can define honesty in engineering ethics? Explain forms of
dishonesty.
Answer:
Engineers turns ideas into reality by applying creativity, playing with
imagination and possibilities, leading to a new and meaningful connection. But
an engineer should be expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and
integrity. Services provided by engineers requires honesty, impartiality, fairness
and equity and most importantly that they are following codes ofethics.
There are many types of dishonesty - some are obvious, while some are less
obvious.
 Cheating;
 Bribery;
 Misrepresentation;
 Conspiracy;
 Fabrication;
 Collusion;
 Duplicate Submission;
 Academic Misconduct;
 Improper Computer/Calculator Use;
 Improper Online, Tele Web, and Blended Course Use;
 Disruptive Behavior;
 And last, but certainly not least, PLAGIARISM.
Question No 7:
How engineers become responsible regarding risk?
Answer:
Dealing with risk possessmany perils for the engineer. Consider some of these
perils, especially as they relate to the engineer’s ethical and professional
responsibilities. First, we shall look at some reasons why accidents are hard to
anticipate and risk is often difficult to estimate. Some studies of accidents in
technology-related areas have even suggested that accidents are inevitable and
that there is such a thing as the “normal accident.”
To manager risk responsibly, engineers should also be aware of some of the
issues posed by legal liability for risk. One of these issues is that the standards
of proofare very different in science and tort law. This fact poses ethical
problems, because the standards of tort law give more protection to the victims

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By SAYED GHAYOOR ALISHAH
Electrical Engineer
of technologically imposed risk, and the standard of science give more
protections to the creators of technologically imposed risk, and the standards of
science give more protection to the creator of technologically imposed risk.
Another issue is the legal liabilities incurred by engineers in attempting to
protect the public from unnecessary risk.